Causes, prevention and treatment of strawberry malformation

First, the temperature and humidity are not suitable. Low temperature, high temperature or high humidity environment can easily cause deformed fruit. When the weather is fine and the temperature is suitable, the petals can open early in the morning and begin to prescribe medicine a few hours later, revealing pollen, during which pollination and fertilization is carried out. Under the condition of low temperature, the petals can not be fully opened and turned, the stamens are not good, and it is not easy to be fertilized. At the same time, excessive air humidity (more than 80%) will also affect pollination and fertilization, which is disadvantageous to anther dehiscence and pollen development. Second, improper fertilization. Although strawberry needs a large amount of fertilizer for its growth, too much basic fertilizer or too much nitrogen fertilizer such as urea from budding to flowering will promote the vegetative growth of strawberry to be too exuberant, with few strong buds and more weak buds in the differentiated flower buds, and the nutritional elements are out of balance. resulting in poor berry development and many abnormal fruits. The third is the lighting factor. Strawberry pollen is formed within 14 days before flowering. If the light is insufficient during this period, the germination rate of strawberry pollen will be reduced, fertilization will be affected and deformed fruit will be produced. Fourth, spraying at flowering stage. When spraying strawberry during flowering, the liquid will hinder pollen germination and harm pollinating insects, resulting in a significant increase in the proportion of abnormal fruits. Prevention and control of strawberry abnormal fruit should give priority to prevention. In addition to selecting good varieties and planting some varieties with a large amount of pollen in the main varieties, corresponding measures should be taken according to different reasons to reduce the probability of abnormal fruit occurrence. First of all, we should apply fertilizer scientifically. To achieve the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, especially the appropriate proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, timely supplement of calcium, boron and other elements, and control soil moisture, reduce the fertilizer absorption capacity of plants. Secondly, humidity and temperature should be regulated. Strawberry is sensitive to temperature and humidity at flowering stage. Anther cracking and germination rate are high when relative humidity is about 40%. Temperature in the range of 17 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ is beneficial to pollen activity and transmission. Therefore, to timely open the vents for ventilation, the humidity in the shed should not exceed 40%; the minimum temperature should not be less than 5 ℃, the maximum temperature should not exceed 30 ℃, and the daytime temperature should be controlled at 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃. In addition, it should be noted that after flowering, the surface should not be dry and irrigated easily. Third, we should pay attention to the relevant supporting measures and adopt auxiliary pollination technology. You can put a box of bees in the greenhouse to increase the chance of pollination, or you can carry out artificial pollination. The peak period of anther cracking is from 10:00 to 3pm every day, during which artificial breeze is used to assist pollination, such as people walking quickly in the aisle, or fan, etc. Fourth, it is necessary to choose pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity, and the use of drugs at flowering stage is strictly prohibited. Strawberry diseases should be thoroughly controlled before flowering, diseased plants, diseased leaves and inflorescences should be removed in time after flowering, so as to control the spread of diseases and prevent diseases and insect pests. If prevention and treatment is necessary, aerosol can be used instead. Fifth, it is necessary to sparse flowers and fruits in time. Old leaves and invalid axillary buds should be often removed, abnormal young fruits with very abnormal shape should be removed, so as to improve the light conditions for the normal growth of strawberries, facilitate the concentrated supply of nutrients, and improve fruit weight and fruit quality.