Early High-yield techniques of Young Chestnut trees

1 Technical measures to promote the formation of female flowers 1) watering in early spring. Three weeks before sprouting is the morphological differentiation period of female flowers, which meets the water needs of trees and makes the fruiting branches stout and more buds, which lays a foundation for the formation of female flower buds. 2) foliar topdressing. When the basal leaves were just unfolded, 1000-fold liquid PP2003 was sprayed once from yellow to green, and the photosynthesis was enhanced after spraying, which could increase the female flowers by more than 16%. 3) sprouting. When the buds sprout, wipe off the superfluous buds of the strong branches, generally leave 4-5 big buds for the strong branches and 2-3 big buds for the golden mean branches. when wiping the buds, they will be small and big, go down and stay on, and keep thin. 4) remove the front tip of the fruit. If there is no space, when the uppermost mixed inflorescence is red, all the front tips of the fruit will be removed. It can effectively increase the number of female flowers. 5) male removal. Removing some male inflorescences can concentrate nutrients and promote the formation of female flowers. The method is as follows: when the male inflorescence is long 1~2cm, the other male flowers are removed except for 5 male flowers at the top of the new shoot. Castration can increase the number of female flowers by more than 20%. 6) pick the heart. The branches of Chinese chestnut often grow too long, resulting in the lower bare legs, so the heart should be picked in time to promote branching. When the female inflorescence appears, it picks the heart of the sterile robust developing branches and concentrates nutrients to make the buds form mixed buds, and the secondary shoots germinated and produced in the same year can bear secondary fruit. When the new shoot grows to about 30cm, the top bud of the branch is removed, and then the heart is picked by each 20cm, and the last one can be picked in late August. The big bud can be formed under the wheel mark, and the big bud can be cut to the wheel mark in winter, and the big bud can branch and bear fruit the following year. (2) Technical measures to improve seed setting rate: 1) watering at flowering stage. Because the branch growth consumes a lot of nutrients and water, watering can meet the water requirements and improve the fruit setting rate. 2) artificial pollination. The varieties with large grains, good quality, early maturity and high affinity were selected as pollination trees. The male inflorescence is picked when it changes from green to yellow, and it is better to pick it before 8 o'clock. Spread the male inflorescence on glossy paper and place it in a dry, ventilated and dust-free place. Turn it once or twice a day, and pollen will come out after 24 hours. When the multifid stigma of the three female flowers in the involucre protrudes to reverse curl and yellowing, it can be pollinated with an eraser pencil. 3) sparse bud. In order to prevent the canopy from being caused by malnutrition and to ensure the yield of next year, the fruit branch 20~30cm has 1 bud and 2 buds, and the fruit branch 30~35cm has 2 buds, which ends before the middle of July. (3) Technical measures to increase single grain weight: 1) to cover grass and preserve soil moisture. Grass mulching can make the soil loose, maintain humidity, reduce the soil temperature difference between day and night, increase soil nutrients, improve the ability of fertilizer and water conservation, promote root absorption and growth, and help to set fruit and increase grain weight. Methods: the weeds were harvested and covered in the tree plate in summer, and the thickness was not less than 10cm. 2) fertilization in summer and autumn. The application of organic fertilizer mixed with chemical fertilizer from June to August satisfied the growth of chestnut, increased the single grain weight, and was beneficial to the differentiation of female flowers in the next year. 3) watering in autumn. The time is from late August to early September, and watering has a significant effect on grain weight during winter drought. 4) timely harvest. The weight gain of chestnut is mainly in the later stage, especially 10 days before harvest, so timely harvest plays an important role in the fullness and yield of chestnut. In order to shorten the harvest date, it can be fully matured after spraying PP2003,2~3d (days) again.