Main cultivation techniques of asparagus

1. Yang border should be selected to raise seedlings in the leeward to the sun, easy to irrigate and close to the bamboo shoot field. Generally, the border is east-west, with a length of 10 mi 13 m, a width of 1 mi 1.5 m, a depth of 20 mi 25 cm, and a rammed wall with a thickness of 25 cm, high in the north and low in the south. The north wall is 33 centimeters high and the south wall is 12 centimeters high. the east and west border walls are connected with the north and south border walls. The agricultural film with a width of 1.5 mi 2 m and the grass mulch with a width of 2 m and a length of 6 mi 7 m were selected as sunny bed mulch. At the same time, prepare the poles to support the cover. The poles are about two meters long and are placed at both ends on the north-south border wall, one every 60 centimeters. Before planting, 200 kg of high-quality soil fertilizer, 5 kg of human feces and urine, 5 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.25 kg of carbofuran or 0.25 kg of phosphos (to control underground pests) should be applied to each bed. Sowing began in late February: after sowing, the temperature in the border was controlled by uncovering the grass and agricultural film. The temperature was generally controlled at about 25 ℃, and the seedlings began to emerge about 20 days after sowing. The seedlings were removed when the seedling height was 15ml / 20cm. The seedlings were 4550 days old and could be planted when the aboveground stems were more than 3. 2. Planting method on the whole plot, the planting position is determined by a fixed-point line with a width of 180ml / 200cm, preferably in the north-south direction, and a planting ditch with a width of 50m / 60cm and a depth of 40m / 50cm is dug along the row, and the topsoil and subsoil are placed on both sides of the row respectively. Then, first backfill the form 25 cm thick in the ditch, apply 2500000 kg of mature farm manure and 40 kg of N, P and K compound fertilizer per mu, mix the soil and fertilizer evenly, then fill it into the subsoil and level the ground, and water it to settle. When planting, first open a small trench with a depth of 15 cm in the ditch, put the asparagus seedlings in the ditch according to a certain plant spacing, straighten the seedlings, and stretch the root system, requiring that one side of the underground stem bearing scale buds is parallel to the row direction, and then cover the soil with a solid watering of 10 cm, generally when the row spacing is 180 cm, the plant spacing is about 30 cm; the row spacing is 200 cm, the plant spacing is about 25 cm, and 1200 1400 plants are planted per mu. 3. Fertilizer and water management according to the characteristics of the annual growth and development period of asparagus, three times of fertilization were carried out in the whole year. That is, before picking bamboo shoots, combined with soil cultivation, the ratio of N, P and K fertilizer is 5: 3: 5, urea 10 kg per mu and calcium superphosphate 15 kg / mu. Potassium chloride 9 kg, or special compound fertilizer 30 kg, at the same time can be mixed with rotten cake fertilizer 50 kg. After bamboo shoot picking, the ridge was removed to apply rejuvenation fertilizer, according to the ratio of N, P and K fertilizer 5: 4: 4, 5000 kg of rotten farm manure, 30 kg of urea, 80 kg of calcium superphosphate, 20 kg of potassium chloride, or 50 kg of compound fertilizer. At the same time, 100 kg of rotten cake fertilizer was applied. The Beginning of Autumn applied Autumn Fertilizer before and after applying 15 kg of urea, 45 kg of superphosphate, 10 kg of potassium chloride, or 50 kg of special compound fertilizer. Each application should be combined with watering. 4. The key to the production of white asparagus is to cultivate soil and soften before harvest. Generally, when the ground temperature of 10 cm reaches 10 ℃, the soil can be cultivated. The soil is usually cultivated around March 20 in Yongji City, Shanxi Province, and the soil can be harvested in 15 days after soil cultivation. The height and width of the ridge are determined according to the standard of raw materials purchased by the asparagus processing plant and the size of the root disk, generally 60 cm wide under the ridge, 40 cm wide on the top and 25 cm high. Because the tender stem of asparagus is easy to change color and aging in the light and reduce the quality, so the time of picking asparagus should be in the early morning and evening. It will be sold by stages immediately after bamboo shoots are picked. 5. the main diseases and insect pests of asparagus are stem blight, brown spot, 14 negative mud insects, ground tiger and so on. the methods of prevention, agricultural control and chemical control are adopted. In February, the withered branches, fallen leaves and ground spray carbendazim disinfection in the garden were removed to reduce the source of infection. After picking bamboo shoots, asparagus green 2, Baikod, enemy kill and other pesticides are sprayed alternately, once every 10 days, which can effectively prevent the harm of diseases and insect pests.