Causes and prevention of male transformation of Zizania caduciflora

In the process of planting Zizania latifolia, there are often plants with flowering stems but not Zizania caduciflora, which are called "male Zizania latifolia" or "strong Zizania latifolia". Zizania caduciflora lost the ability of bolting, flowering and fruiting after being infected with smut fungus, and the flower stem expanded to form Zizania caduciflora. The spread of smut pathogen was mainly from the main stem of the previous year to the young seedlings. Although the underground stem has spread, but the transmission rate is very low. Therefore, if the underground stem is used to propagate for many years, the number of male Zizania latifolia will increase, and eventually lead to no production of Zizania caduciflora. Therefore, the control measure is to select the plants bearing Zizania latifolia as seeds so that the smut pathogen can be passed on from generation to generation. For example, if Zizania latifolia leaves seeds in one season a year, let its plants wither naturally and transplant them with buds drawn from the clumps or edge of the clumps in the second year, and the same method can be used later. If you keep seeds in two seasons a year, you should dig out most of the Zizania caduciflora plants that withered in winter and leave a small part in the middle. When they tiller in the second year, they should also dig out the seedlings from the ground or use the method of dividing piers, which is also effective. In this way, it can not only retain its excellent characteristics, but also bear more Zizania caduciflora. Zizania caduciflora is not allowed to be cropped continuously, and it is generally appropriate to use the 3-year ring for 5 years. This is also an important means to control the emergence of "Xiongjiao". In addition, in the field management, the male Zizania latifolia should be pulled out in time, because the male Zizania latifolia grows strongly, the aboveground part of the plant is tall and takes up space; when the stolon of the underground part is more than 1 m long, it will not only affect the growth of the surrounding Zizania caduciflora, but also be planted in the field as a normal tiller in the next year.