Damage and control of spot borer of sunflower
Harmful characteristics: l-2 instar larvae eat tubular flowers, and after the 3rd instar, they arrange cavernous seeds along the sunflower seeds, eat some or all of the kernels, form empty shells or flower-eating plates, eat the disk into many tunnels, and spin silk on the flower plates to form a net and adhere to insect dung and debris, shaped like silk felt. The injured disk is rotten and moldy, which reduces the yield and quality. The main results are as follows: (1) the varieties with fast formation of hard shell layer of insect-resistant varieties suffered less or no damage, while the varieties with small grain oil suffered less damage than the edible species with large grains. (2) Autumn and winter irrigation can press a large number of overwintering cocoons into the soil and reduce overwintering insects. (3) spraying pesticide 90% crystal trichlorfon 500-1000 times or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000-1500 times and 25% Ikas EC 1500 times in early August.
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Fertilization technology of sunflower
The environment requires that sunflowers have strong low temperature tolerance in both seedling stage and mature stage. The seeds began to swell and germinate at 2 ℃-4 ℃, germinated at 4 ℃, could emerge at 5 ℃, and could meet the needs of normal emergence at 8 ℃-10 ℃. The seedlings can withstand a low temperature of several hours to 4 ℃, and can still recover after low temperature.
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How to reduce the empty shell of sunflower?
1. Symptom recognition 1. Sunflower rust is an important disease of sunflower, with a yield reduction of 40% in pandemic years. Leaves, petioles, stems, sunflower plates and other parts of the disease can form a rust-like spore pile. The leaf is infected, the brown blister appears on the back of the leaf is the germ summer spore pile, the surface breaks and spreads brown.
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