How to cultivate spring soybean

1. Variety selection. According to the local ecological type and market demand, the varieties with suitable ripening period, high yield, high quality and strong stress resistance were selected according to local conditions, such as Xiangchundou 21, Xiangchundou 22, Xiangchundou 23 and so on. Change the seed every 3 years. 2. Seed treatment. Soybeans are planted in acidic soil, seeds are mixed with ammonium molybdate, 1 g ~ 1.5 g of ammonium molybdate is used for each kilogram of soybean seeds, 1%-1.5% ammonium molybdate solution is sprayed on the surface of the seeds, and the seeds are sown after drying. 3. Ploughing and land preparation. Planting spring soybeans in rice fields, ploughing before winter, dividing the compartment according to the width of 2 ~ 3 meters after ploughing, opening the box trench, waist ditch and perimeter ditch, and fine soil preparation on a sunny day in spring. The soil is required to be finely crushed, free of darkness and flat. The dry land that is idle in winter is ploughed before winter, and the dry land where vegetables are planted in winter is ploughed on a sunny day after the vegetables are harvested. After ploughing, ditches are opened according to the width of 2 ~ 3 meters, and the soil is carefully prepared. 4. Fertilization. For every 667 square meters of base fertilizer, 400 kg of farm organic fertilizer, 36 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 100 kg of urea are applied to barren soil. Farm organic fertilizer is applied before soil preparation, and fertilizer is turned into the tillage layer through ploughing and cultivated land, and chemical fertilizer is applied during soil preparation and fused with the soil. Intercropping and interplanting or because of the arrangement of farming season, when it is inconvenient to apply base fertilizer to soybean, it can also be applied to the previous cropping of soybean in a planned way. Every 667 square meters, 150 kg of rotten farm organic fertilizer, 4.6 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium chloride were applied. The land with high soil fertility or a large amount of high-quality farm manure may not be applied nitrogen fertilizer. The application method is to apply fertilizer into the sowing hole with a depth of 8 cm ~ 10 cm, and the fertilizer and seeds should be separated by the soil, which can not only prevent burning seeds and seedlings, but also provide sufficient nutrients for soybean seedlings and promote early development. Or compost fertilizer and soil compost to cover seed fertilizer. For the soil with medium and lower fertility level, topdressing at seedling stage combined with weeding in the first tillage should be carried out by applying 5 kg of urea, or 10 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, or 250 kg of human feces every 667 square meters. nitrogen fertilizer can also be applied between rows and holes four or five centimeters away from soybean plants before or after rain, but fertilizer must not be in direct contact with soybean plants to prevent burning seedlings. The soybean with weak growth had better effect of topdressing before flowering or at the beginning of flowering. Urea 75 kg per 667 square meters, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied before or after rain, but attention should be paid to prevent direct contact between fertilizer and plants. 5. Sow seeds. Sowing begins when the daily average temperature of 5 cm soil layer reaches 10 ℃ ~ 12 ℃, and the suitable sowing time is from the end of March to early April in the middle and low altitude areas. Hole sowing, row spacing 27cm ~ 33cm, hole spacing 17cm ~ 20cm, each hole sowing three or four seeds, shallow sowing thin cover (cover three or four centimeters thick). The planting density should be determined according to the characteristics of varieties and the conditions of water and fertilizer. 30, 000 ~ 40, 000 plants of early-maturing varieties, 25000 ~ 35000 plants of middle-maturing varieties and 20, 000 plants of late-maturing varieties should be planted per 667m ~ 2. 6. ① seedling transfer to fill the gap in field management. In general, the plot with lack of seedlings can be replanted by transplanting seedlings on the spot. When transplanting, the soil should be buried tightly, such as small soil moisture, but also watered to ensure the survival rate. In order to make the seedlings replanted by transplanting grow rapidly, the seedling fertilizer should be applied properly after transplanting to promote the seedling to be neat and strong. If there is a serious shortage of seedlings, they should be replanted directly. ② inter-seedling and fixed seedling. The seedlings were fixed in 2 single leaf spreading time seedlings and the first compound leaf in full spreading stage. Weak plants, diseased plants and hybrid plants should be eliminated and healthy plants should be retained. ③ ploughing and weeding. The first intertillage was generally carried out when the first compound leaf appeared and the cotyledon did not fall, and the second intertillage was carried out when the seedling height was about 20 cm and the leaves were not closed. The first time ploughing should be shallow, the second time slightly deep, combined with topdressing to cultivate the soil. ④ irrigation. In case of high temperature and drought in the grain filling period, those with irrigation conditions should be irrigated at the right time. It is appropriate to moisten furrow irrigation to prevent soil consolidation caused by flood irrigation. 7. Disease and insect control ① mosaic disease. Selection of disease-resistant varieties, production of virus-free seeds, early control of aphids. ② downy mildew. Spray protection at the initial stage of the disease and after wind and rain, spray twice with 500-fold solution 75 kg every 667 square meters, once every 15 days. ③ bacterial spot disease. 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux solution was sprayed at the initial stage of the disease or after wind and rain to control the spread of the disease. ④ Little Land Tiger. After soybean emergence, spray 90% trichlorfon 800 times solution to protect the seedling, spray once every 7 days, two or three times in a row. ⑤ aphids. At the initial stage of the occurrence, spray with 3000 ~ 5000 times of Hao an Wei liquid, 75 kg per 667m2. ⑥ pod borer. Control with 90% crystal trichlorfon 700x ~ 1000 times solution, 75kg per 667m2.