Efficient planting of eggplant, lettuce and broccoli

In Nanjing area, the author explored and studied the three-cropping and efficient cultivation model of early spring eggplant, summer and autumn lettuce and autumn winter cauliflower, which is suitable for application in new and old vegetable bases in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Early spring eggplant was sown in mid-late October, planted from late February to early March, and harvested from early May to July; summer and autumn lettuce was sown in the first and middle of June, planted in the first and middle of July, and harvested from the end of August to the first and middle of September; autumn and winter cauliflower was sown and raised seedlings from the end of July to the middle and last ten days of August, planted from the end of August to the middle of September, and harvested from the middle and last ten days of November to February of the following year. In the whole year, the yield of eggplant per mu in early spring was 4000 kg, with an output value of 6000 yuan, that of lettuce in summer and autumn was 2000 kg, with an output value of 2000 yuan, and that of cauliflower in autumn and winter was 1500kg to 2000 kg, with an output value of 4000 yuan. The total output value per mu is as high as 12000 yuan, and the net income is more than 8000 yuan. Early spring eggplant varieties are selected to be early-maturing, low temperature and low light resistance, strong disease resistance and stress resistance, in line with the market consumption habits of black bright long rod or long strip eggplant varieties, such as black mackerel, black long dragon, long wild wolf, gorgeous long and so on. Field management eggplant precocious cultivation generally adopts "greenhouse + small arch greenhouse + plastic film" multiple mulching. After planting, there was less ventilation before seedling retardation (about 7 days), and the temperature was 2832 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night. The lowest temperature is stable above 15 ℃ and the shed is not closed at night. When the temperature is above 30 ℃, remove the greenhouse skirt and cover the sunshade net. Watering in time after planting, and applying urea 3 kg and 25% eggplant fruit compound fertilizer 15 kg per mu after slow seedling. Door eggplant properly control water squatting seedlings before flowering, increase ground temperature and promote root development; 8-10 days after sitting, door eggplant is combined with topdressing fertilizer and watering once, and 25% eggplant fruit compound gallbladder is applied 20-30 kg per mu. In order to improve the early yield, pruning in time is necessary. Double-stalk pruning is mainly adopted in early spring cultivation, old leaves and diseased leaves are picked in time, and the functional leaves at the base are removed when the growth is too strong, so as to reduce the consumption of nutrition. Summer and autumn lettuce varieties are selected to choose loose leaf or semi-heading lettuce varieties with early maturity, high temperature resistance, bolting resistance, strong disease resistance and stress resistance, such as Italian heat-resistant and bolting-resistant lettuce, American fast-growing lettuce, four-season rape wheat lettuce and so on. Field management lettuce likes to be wet, requires a large amount of fertilizer, and requires an adequate supply of fertilizer and water during the whole growth period. Slow seedling water was irrigated 5-7 days after planting, and a small amount of available nitrogen fertilizer was applied every 5-7 days, and 15-20 days later, 15-20 kg compound fertilizer per mu was applied. Human feces and urine should not be applied in the middle and later stages, and excessive watering should not be allowed. When lettuce is cultivated in summer, it is appropriate to build a shed for sunshade or interplant under the melon and bean rack in areas where conditions permit. The varieties of autumn and winter cauliflower were selected with middle and late maturity, high yield, strong cold tolerance, fine buds, good commodity, strong disease resistance and stress resistance, such as excellent, Lvling, Meilu 90, Shenglu, late Shengshenglu, Mantuo Green and so on. Field management of broccoli likes fertilizer and water, timely fertilization and watering is the key to achieve high yield. The management of water and fertilizer should follow the principle of promotion and intermediate control. In the early stage of growth, 1250-1500 kg of rotten manure and urine or 8-10 kg of urea were applied per mu, and topdressing for 2-3 times. Heavy fertilization in the period of flower head formation, applying 25kg compound fertilizer per mu, adding appropriate amount of magnesium, calcium, sulfur, boron fertilizer and so on, combined with mid-tillage to cultivate the soil. Enter the harvest period, apply fertilizer once after each harvest, 15-20 kg compound fertilizer per mu each time. Broccoli needs a large amount of water, especially in the period of flower head formation, it should be irrigated in time to keep the soil moist and drained in time in the rainy season so as not to cause rotting roots.