Irrigation and drainage of dragon fruit (part I)

Soil water status is closely related to tree development, high yield, stable yield and tree life. It is an important task of orchard soil management to keep soil moisture condition in a range conducive to the growth and development of fruit trees through irrigation and drainage. 1. Irrigation is the lifeblood of plant growth and an indispensable component of all organ activities. In the life activities of fruit trees, water plays a role in maintaining cell swelling and pressure, ensuring stomatal opening and carbon dioxide entry. All chemical changes in the body can only be carried out in the presence of water. The nutrients in the soil can only be absorbed and utilized when they are dissolved in water. More importantly, water is the necessary raw material for photosynthesis and the basis for the formation of yield. In addition, only under the condition of water can we maintain the transpiration of fruit trees, adjust the tree temperature, and ensure the transport of photosynthates and mineral nutrients. Therefore, in the cultivation of fruit trees, timely watering is an important measure to ensure premature, high yield and high quality. The main results are as follows: (1) Irrigation during irrigation period should be done before the fruit trees are affected by water shortage, and should not be watered again when the fruit trees have already had drought (such as wilting, fruit shrinkage). Judging whether it needs watering or not mainly depends on the soil moisture. Generally speaking, 60%-80% of the maximum soil water holding capacity is the most suitable for the growth and development of fruit trees. Dragon fruit grows in desert areas for a long time and has a strong tolerance for water shortage. In foreign countries, measuring instruments are generally used to measure soil moisture to guide irrigation. The irrigation period is determined not only according to the soil moisture, but also the climatic conditions and the growth and development stage of the fruit tree itself. In production, most of them are watered in the following periods. If there is enough water in the soil before and after germination to flowering stage of ①, it can strengthen the growth of new shoots, increase leaf area, enhance photosynthesis, make flowering and fruit setting normal, and lay the foundation for high yield in the same year. In spring drought areas, this irrigation is particularly important. The period of ② shoot growth and young fruit expansion is often called the critical period of water requirement of fruit trees. At this time, the physiological function of the fruit tree is the most prosperous, such as the lack of water, the leaves take away the moisture of the young fruit, making the young fruit shrink and fall off. During the rapid expansion period of ③ fruit, this watering can meet the requirements of fertilizer and water for fruit expansion. But it is necessary to master the amount of water this time. ④ fruit harvesting and dormant period are in the autumn and winter arid areas. Irrigation at this time can store enough water in the soil and contribute to the decomposition of fertilizers, thus promoting the growth and development of fruit trees in the next spring. After the last batch of dragon fruit is harvested in autumn and winter, it enters the dormant period, at this time, if there is proper irrigation, it can promote the growth of the plant and promote the branches to become fruiting branches as soon as possible.