Cultivation and seed collection of balsam pear

First, land selection and land preparation: the growth period of Ruogua is as long as 6 months. Spring sowing is appropriate, and land preparation should be selected as soon as possible. If melons have well-developed roots, like humidity, temperature, fertilizer and waterlogging, we should choose plots with deep soil layer, high fertility and convenient drainage and irrigation. Before soil preparation, 5000 kilograms of high-quality farm manure, 40 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer, 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer and 20 kilograms of potash fertilizer should be put in. At the same time, deep ploughing and fine raking should be required, with a ploughing depth of 30 centimeters and a width of 1.6m. Second, accelerating germination and sowing: 1. It usually starts to sprout around the middle of March. First soak the melon seeds in 45 ℃-50 ℃ warm water, cool and soak the seeds for 24 hours, expand and put them under the condition of 30 ℃ to accelerate germination, and sow and raise seedlings when the seeds are exposed to 50% white tip. two。 Nursery seedlings were raised with nutrition bowl and sunny border. Roll the paper into a cylinder with a diameter of 8 cm and a height of 10 cm, filled with nutritious soil and arranged neatly in the seedbed. Sow the germinated seeds in each nutrition bowl, then water them, wait for the water to permeate, sprinkle a layer of fine soil 1 cm thick on top, and then cover the sunny border with plastic sheet. Third, field management: 1. The temperature in the seedbed shed was kept at about 30 ℃ during the day and no less than 15 ℃ at night. In order to prevent the seedlings from burning at high temperature, the seedlings should be properly ventilated and cooled at noon. 7-10 days before transplanting, moisture should be controlled and the temperature of the seedling bed should be reduced. two。 Transplanting and planting. At the age of 5 leaves and 1 heart, the seedlings were transferred to the field and planted in the field, with two rows in each border, with a row spacing of 1.2 meters and a hole spacing of 50 centimeters. About 20 grams of compound fertilizer was applied in each hole to plant a nutrition bowl melon seedling. Then point water, wait for the water to infiltrate the nutrition bowl and seal the soil for planting. 1600-1700 plants per mu. 3. Set up the bracket. Balsam pear should start to draw vines in time to build a "human" word support, the top of the frame is connected and fixed with a crossbar, and the frame pole should be 2.5 meters long and 3 centimeters in diameter, not too thin. In the early stage, we should pay attention to the artificial binding of vines and assist the melon seedlings on the shelf. 4. Cross the whole branch. Balsam pear on the shelf, the main vine below 50 cm can not leave melons, female flowers should be removed to facilitate the overall development. Wait for the main vine to continue to stretch, sit and weigh 6-7 melons, leave 5-6 leaves to hit the top, and remove the rest of the vine. 5. Fertilizer and water management. Balsam pear has a long growth period, and the harvest time is more than 3 months, so it is necessary to ensure an adequate supply of water and fertilizer, especially in the full fruit period after late June, and can not be dehydrated and de-fertilized. In case of drought, water should be watered every 7 days, and urea or compound fertilizer should be applied 7-10 kg per mu before watering. In case of continuous rain, attention should be paid to drainage and foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 2 to 3 times. 6. Pest control. Momordica charantia disease mainly occurred in anthracnose, more than in the middle and later stages. To prevent and cure the disease, the residual leaves, rotten leaves and diseased leaves should be removed in time. It can also be sprayed daily at the initial stage of the disease with 50% topiramate 800-1000 times, or with 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times. Balsam pear pests are mainly aphids and cabbage insects, which can be controlled by 1000-2000 times of dimethoate emulsion or 1500 times of dimethoate EC. 7. Collect seeds in time. Balsam pear yellowed for ripeness. The fruit on a balsam pear is not ripe at the same time, but one after another. Therefore, in the peak period of melon formation, mature melons should be picked once a day to avoid overripe and rotten and the seeds fall to the ground. it is best to use scissors when picking so as not to hurt the vines. At the same time, get rid of miscellaneous plants and melons, and choose seeds with the same color and shape. It is necessary to pick and wash seeds on the same day to prevent mildew and ensure the germination rate of seeds.