Pretreatment of Momordica charantia seeds before sowing

The main results are as follows: (1) different soaking time has a certain effect on the seed germination of Momordica charantia. Generally, with the extension of seed soaking time, the seed germination power (germination energy and germination rate) gradually increases, reaching the maximum value after 12 hours, and the germination ability shows a downward trend after 12 hours. It can be seen that the most suitable soaking time for balsam pear seeds is 12 hours at room temperature. Soaking the seeds in warm water before sowing in about 55 ℃ of warm water and soaking the seeds for 12 hours after natural cooling is beneficial for the seeds to absorb water and expand easily. Because the pathogens attached to the surface of balsam pear seeds can be scalded to death in 55 ℃ warm water for 15 seconds, and the permeability of seed coat can be improved. This method is easy to use and suitable for the treatment of large quantities of seeds in production. Seed soaking with gibberellin could significantly improve the germination energy and germination rate of balsam pear seeds, and the effect of 40mg/kg concentration was the best. Gibberellin is a kind of germination stimulating substance, which can promote the synthesis of auxin, increase the activity and metabolic activity of enzymes (such as amylase) in seed embryo, and promote cell division and expansion, but gibberellin at a low level can inhibit male flowers. therefore, we should pay attention to grasp the concentration when dealing with melon seeds. Seed soaking with brassinolide (BR) BR is a new type of plant growth regulator. BR can promote cell elongation and division. The results showed that the germination energy and germination rate of seeds soaked with 1 ∶ 1500 times BR-120 were significantly higher than those of the control, which could significantly promote the germination of balsam pear seeds. Other experiments showed that soaking balsam pear seeds with BR of 1 ∶ 4000 and 1 ∶ 6000 could inhibit germination to a certain extent. Hydrogen peroxide treatment of balsam pear seeds with hydrogen peroxide can improve the permeability of seed coat and the uniformity of seed germination. The experiment showed that soaking seeds in 50% hydrogen peroxide for 3 hours, and then rinsing them with clean water had obvious promoting effect on seed germination. Compared with the control, the germination energy and germination rate increased by 24.04% and 28.1%, and the limit germination rate reached 97%. Hydrogen peroxide is of more practical significance for large-scale production. 2 High temperature and different temperatures had obvious effects on the germination of balsam pear seeds. The germination energy and germination rate increased significantly with the increase of temperature in the temperature range of 25 ℃ ~ 35 ℃. The germination energy and germination rate were higher in the temperature range of 33 ℃ ~ 35 ℃, and decreased significantly when the temperature was more than 35 ℃ or lower than 33 ℃. It can be seen that 33 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ is suitable for balsam pear seed germination. Not only the germination rate is high, but also the germination speed is fast and the germination is neat. (3) the commonly used method of mechanical injury is to crack the seed coat with pliers (or camera) and peel it off to reveal the radicle. The germination energy and germination rate of balsam pear seeds after shell breaking treatment were significantly higher than those without shell breaking treatment. The germination energy and germination rate of Momordica charantia seeds treated with broken shell and accelerated germination at 33 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ were the highest, which were significantly higher than those at other temperatures. Therefore, shell breaking could significantly increase the germination energy and germination rate of balsam pear seeds, and the optimum temperature for germination after shell breaking was 33 ℃ ~ 35 ℃.