Management techniques of sparsely planted balsam pear

Balsam pear has strong branching, many lateral vines, and some lateral vines bear melon. In order to create a well-ventilated and transparent growth environment and reduce nutrient consumption, lateral branches less than 1 meter should be removed, and 2-3 branches above 1 meter should be led by rope to the bamboo pole in the round shed. No longer pruning after the middle stage, but the old and yellow leaves at the base should be removed to facilitate ventilation and light. Balsam pear likes moist, avoid stagnant water, usually should pay attention to dig through the drainage ditch, in case of heavy rain, should timely eliminate stagnant water in the field. The use of water can be carried out according to the dry and wet condition of the soil. In general, the sun evaporates violently in sunny days, and the water disappears quickly, so it is necessary to sprinkle water in time to ensure its physiological water requirements, avoid drought and wilt, and affect plant growth and development, flowering and fruiting. In the period of high yield, sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were supplemented with water. The simple way is to spread all kinds of fertilizers on the balsam pear fields. You can also use fully mature farm manure. Pay attention to the principle of "small amount of diligent application" in the amount of fertilizer. Balsam pear to enter the peak period of fertilization should be adequate, high temperature and drought season should be timely watering, the border had better be covered with wheat straw to moisturize, and pay attention to prevent stagnant water. Balsam pear field open land, surrounding ridges, ditches are not allowed to have grass, can be killed with glyphosate drugs. Pay attention to the arrangement of the plants, and timely remove the old, yellow and diseased leaves in the lower part of the shed, as well as the non-melon branches hanging to the lower part. If possible, branches without melons or female flowers in the upper part should also be removed. If you are sick, the insects and fruits should also be removed in time. All the leaves, branches and fruits picked must be bagged and eliminated. Pay attention to promoting flowers, and often spray "flowering essence", "Zhuoguoling", "spraying treasure", "amino acid", aloin, borax, dipotassium phosphate, calcium nitrate and so on. Balsam pear often occurs Fusarium wilt, anthrax, powdery mildew and so on. The main pest is melon fruit fly. Powdery mildew occurs during flowering and fruiting, and the leaves are covered with white powdery matter, which makes the leaves lose green and yellowing, resulting in premature senescence of the plant. Prevention and control methods: when there is a white powder on the leaves, the aqueous solution of cyanobactazole, trimethoprim, or sulfur suspending agent should be sprayed on the leaf surface every 7-10 days for prevention and control, and be sprayed continuously for 2-3 times. pay attention to the amount of water must be large. On the leaves, the disease starts from the leaf tip or leaf edge, the shape of the disease spot is irregular, the periphery is not obvious, the initial dark green, water stains, and then turn brown. The disease spot can expand to the whole or more than half of the leaves, and when it is wet, a circle of white mildew grows at the junction of the disease spot. Control agents: chlorothalonil, Bengke, Bordeaux solution, Nongliling, Anke, Sixian morpholine, ethyl phosphate aluminum, disinfectant alum or Jinreidi spray, diseased leaves removed and taken away for destruction. Triazophos, Shachongdan, Shachongshuang, Regent, chlorpyrifos and Bt were used to control borer. Imidacloprid, acetamiprid and avermectin were used to control aphids. The method to control melon fruit fly is to spray young melon 2-3 times with Regent water solution, or farmland happy water solution, or kung fu water solution every 4-5 days, and remove the deformed fruit in time, burn it or bury it deeply outside the garden.