Cultivation techniques of Cherry Tomato in Solar greenhouse in Winter and Spring

Cherry tomato also known as mini tomato, it contains a variety of vitamins, inorganic salts, and ordinary tomatoes, not cold, not heat. Winter and spring crops can be used in ordinary and excellent solar greenhouses, generally sowing from late October to early November, planting from mid-late January to early February of the next year, and marketing from early March to mid-June. Second, seedling quality and strong seedling is the basis of high yield. Cherry tomato seedling standard is: stem stout upright, internode short, there are 7-9 large leaves, dark green leaves, hypertrophy, leaf back slightly purple, root system developed, plant height 20-25 cm, stem diameter 0.6 cm, the whole plant was umbrella-shaped, small buds before planting, no pests. Winter and spring cultivation, seedling stage in cold winter, low temperature, weak light, short sunshine, is not conducive to seedling growth. Therefore, in the process of seedling, we should pay attention to cold insulation, and strive for more light to make seedlings healthy and develop. 1, sowing period and seedling age seedling age 70 days or so, such as the use of geothermal heating, hotbed seedlings, seedling age can be shortened to 50 days or so. Sowing date is determined by seedling age, planting date and marketing date. 2, the preparation work before sowing ① seed preparation, each mu needs 40-50g of seeds, prepared in advance.② Bed soil preparation. According to its own conditions, the seed bed soil can be used in one of the following formulas. A, garden soil 2/3+ decomposed horse manure 1/3. B, garden soil 1/3+ sifted fine slag 1/3+ decomposed horse manure 1/3 (garden soil is relatively viscous, calculated by volume). C, peat 60%+ garden soil 30%+ decomposed chicken manure 10%(by volume ratio). The mixture ratio of the sub-seedbed soil is: 6 parts of fertile garden soil, 4 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, and the dosage requirement of the bed soil is: the thickness of the seeding bed is 8- 10cm, and about 100kg of soil is required for each square meter of the seedbed; when the thickness of the sub-seedbed soil is changed to 10- 12cm, about 140kg of soil is required for each square meter of the seedbed. Generally, each mu needs 5 square meters of seeding bed and 50 square meters of seedbed. At the same time, bed soil disinfection must be carried out, spraying bed soil with 40% formaldehyde 300-500 times solution, spraying one layer after another, and then covering with plastic (11335,-50.00,-0.44%) film, sealing for 5-7 days, and opening and drying for 2-3 days. 3. Seed disinfection and seed soaking ① Seed disinfection: eliminate pathogenic bacteria carried inside and outside seeds and reduce the source of infection. It is usually soaked in warm water. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly soaking the seeds in cold water for 20-30 minutes, taking them out, placing them at about 50-55 DEG C, stirring continuously in hot water, supplementing hot water at any time to keep the water temperature at about 50 DEG C for 20-30 minutes, soaking the seeds for 4-5 hours after cooling to room temperature, taking them out, wrapping them with cloth, and germinating. 2 germination: the seed germination temperature is 20-28℃, the seeds are dried to discrete, wrapped with wet towel or gauze, put in the germination box, incubator or near the kang, germination at 25-30℃, in the process of germination, wash the seeds with warm water 1-2 times a day, when most of the seeds are white, you can sow. 4, after sowing cherry tomato seeds germination, dry the water outside the seeds, pour foot water in the seeding bed, winter sowing water temperature to 30℃ is appropriate, the soil temperature is low, the water temperature can also be higher, after water infiltration, sprinkle a thin layer of fine bed soil in the bed, evenly sprinkle the seeds on the bed surface, unskilled, can mix the seeds with fine sand and then sprinkle, and then cover the sifted fine soil about 1 cm. 5, seedling management ① temperature management: (see the table below) ② water management: the whole seedling period should be strictly controlled watering, do not irrigate water, in the planting 5-7 days before irrigation. 3. Planting 1. 15-20 days before planting, film fastening, increasing ground temperature, applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer more than 5000 kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, diammonium 40kg per mu, greenhouse disinfection 3-4 days before planting, the method is: mixing sulfur powder, chlorothalonil and sawdust according to the ratio of 0.5-1:1:5kg, lighting smoke, sealing for 48 hours, and ventilating for 24 hours. 2. Planting period: When the ground temperature of 10 cm deep soil layer is stable above 8℃, it can be planted, and the time is from mid January to early February. 3. Planting method: using broken film and water planting, two rows per plot, plant spacing of 25-30cm for limited growth type, 3000-3500 plants per mu, 2000-2500 plants per mu for non-fertilizer growth type. 4. Management after planting 1. Temperature and humidity management At the beginning of planting, in order to promote slow seedling, do not let the wind out, maintain high temperature and high humidity environment, 25-30℃ during the day and 15-17℃ at night. After the seedling is slowed down, the temperature and humidity shall be adjusted by ventilation, 20-25℃ during the day and 15-17℃ at night. After each watering, the humidity shall be discharged in time to prevent diseases due to excessive temperature. 2. After water and fertilizer management slows down the seedlings, the seedlings planted with water should be watered once, and then the seedlings should be squatted. After the first and second flower ears bloom and sit in the middle, finish squatting seedlings, irrigate small water once, and at the same time, chase 1000kg of human excrement, irrigate water once after 1 week, water in time according to soil, weather and seedling condition, keep soil dry and wet, and chase urea once every 1-2 water, 10-15kg per mu. 3, plant adjustment single pruning, timely removal of branches, hanging vines with nylon rope, due to the long harvest period, nylon rope must be firm, not easy to age. Every 8-10 ears fruit picking, or at any time drop seedling wire rod, so that its unlimited growth. Timely thinning out the lower part of the old leaves, and adhere to thinning flowers and fruits. 4, hormone flower protection with 15 mg/kg of 2.4-D dip flower or 40 mg/kg of anti-falling element spray flower. However, attention must be paid not to repeat flowering, and gradually reduce the concentration with the increase of temperature, the whole growth period are treated with hormones, otherwise it is easy to form empty ears or extra small fruits. Fifth, cherry tomato harvest labor, generally do not need artificial ripening, according to the need to pick fruits at different maturity periods.