Cultivation and management of black-skinned wax gourd

Black-skinned wax gourd has strong growth potential, wide adaptability, can be planted in most parts of the country, the fruit is resistant to storage and transportation, dense meat and good quality. Deeply welcomed by the majority of consumers. Features: 1, the plant growth potential is strong, the vine length is 450-500 cm; 2, the first female flower is born in 22 nodes of the main vine, and then a female flower is born every 4-5 nodes; 3, the fruit is long, 60 cm long and 23 cm in transverse diameter; 4, the skin color is dark green, the flesh is 6.5 cm thick, and the flesh color is pure white; 5, the maximum single fruit weighs more than 25 kg. Characteristics: 1, late maturity, spring planting growth period 170-180 days, summer and autumn planting 120-130 days; 2, strong adaptability, spring, summer and autumn can be planted; 3, meat dense, resistant to storage and transportation, good quality. Main points of cultivation 1. Sowing and raising seedlings: the seeds can be sowed in Guangzhou from December to September of the following year, and the seeds can be sowed directly or transplanting after seed soaking and accelerating germination. The temperature in early spring is relatively low, so cold prevention measures such as thin film arch shed should be adopted to raise seedlings. 2. Soil preparation and selection: it is best to choose loam soil which is not melon crops, good drainage and rich in organic matter. The width of the border is 1.8 meters, and the direction of the border is north-south and east-west. 3. Transplanting: when the wax gourd seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, they can be transplanted, and the planting specification is 0.7 ~ 0.9 meters, single-row planting. 4. Fertilizer and water management: wax gourd needs a large amount of fertilizer, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. 1500-2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 30 kg of peanut bran and 30 kg of superphosphate should be applied per mu, and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied thinly every 7-10 days after planting. When the weight of melon after fruiting reaches 5kg, topdressing should be applied again, and 40-50 kg compound fertilizer and 60-80 jin peanut bran can be applied per mu. Wax gourd fertilization should be applied frequently and thinly, light in the front and heavy in the back, with reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. After the melon vine is on the shelf, the water demand increases gradually, we should pay attention to frequent watering, keep the soil moist, and should pay attention to eliminate stagnant water during the rain to prevent stagnant water. 5, whole vine pressure vine: general main vine knot melon, should remove the side vine in time, all the side vine should be removed before setting fruit. Hover the main vine within the range of plant distance before putting on the shelf, pressing the vine every 3-4 knots for a total of 3-4 times to promote the formation of adventitious roots and introduce the vine to the shelf at about 16 Mel and 18 knots. The scaffolding method and the drum frame dragon root method are used to build the scaffolding method, and the drum frame dragon root method is mostly used in Guangzhou area, with 3 or 4 bamboo poles built into a drum frame, and a bamboo pole is used as the dragon root. When the wax gourd grows to 3murmur4kg, cover the handle with hemp rope and tie it to the dragon root of the drum frame. There are about 15 knots at the top after melon. 6. Liugua: generally, it is at the position of 25-32 nodes, and the 3rd-4th female flower of the main vine is the most ideal. During the fruit setting period, artificial pollination should be carried out early in the morning to improve the fruit setting rate, and anti-falling hormone treatment can also be used to improve the fruit setting rate. The selected young melon should be cylindrical, uniform in size, wide and flat shoulders, round top, fluffy and shiny all over the body. After the selection of melons, the rest of the young melons should be removed in time. 7. Pest control: the main diseases are Fusarium wilt, blight and anthracnose, which can be controlled by chlorothalonil, Topurazine and Luheng No. 1 3000 times. The main pest is thrips, which occurs most seriously from late July to September when the temperature is 25 ℃ 30 min. The prevention and treatment should be timely sprayed with Batan 1000 times solution, Shachongshuang 400ml 800 times solution, 20% Kangfuduo EC 6000 times, 5% high efficiency 2500000 times, spraying once every 5 times every 7 days, and the medicament should be used alternately. 8. Harvest: generally, about 60 days after fruit setting, the skin shines and can be harvested when it is dark green. If the harvest is too late, the nutrients of the fruit will be transformed and affect the edible quality, so it is necessary to harvest in time.