High-yield cultivation techniques of Green skin Wax Gourd

Green-skinned wax gourd is widely cultivated in North China, with strong adaptability, high yield, storage tolerance and transportation. The high-yield cultivation techniques are introduced as follows. First, sowing and raising seedlings 1. Seed treatment. Wax gourd seeds are not easy to absorb water because of their thick seed coat, so seed soaking and seed disinfection should be carried out before sowing. Soak the seeds with 50% carbendazim 250 times solution for 20 minutes to prevent Fusarium wilt at seedling stage. The sterilized seeds were washed with clean water and then soaked in 5Mel for 6 hours, picked up for germination, and the suitable temperature for germination was about 30 ℃. 2. Raising seedlings. Sow early in time and sow from the end of January to the beginning of February. After sowing, the film arch shed is used to cover the cold. When the seedlings grow out of one leaf and one heart, they are transplanted into a nutrition bag with a specification of 15 × 18 cm. The nutrient soil is selected from fertile soil that has not been planted with melon crops, and then covered with a thin film arch shed to prevent cold. Second, planting 1. Site selection. Select new land that has not planted melons or fields that have been rotated by flood and drought for 5 years. 2. Get out of the car and prepare the ground. It is made into 110Mel 120 cm, the ditch is 50 cm wide, and there are ring grooves around the field, so that the ditches communicate with each other, which is convenient for drainage and irrigation. 3. Reasonable close planting. When the temperature is stable above 15 degrees Celsius, choose a sunny day for transplant, and remove the nutrition bag when planting. A row is planted in each box, with a distance of 60ml / 70cm. 550 plants were planted per mu, and the root water was fixed after planting. Third, fertilizer and water management. 1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. During the soil preparation, the base fertilizer is buried in a long trench in the middle of the car. Apply 2000 kg organic fertilizer and 50 kg superphosphate per mu. 2. Apply seedling fertilizer skillfully. When the seedlings grow 6 true leaves, apply three elements (N, P, K content 15% each) compound fertilizer 10MUR 15kg, urea 8Mel 10kg per mu. Promote vine extension and increase plant nutrition accumulation. It is beneficial to the formation of female flowers and melon. After the first female flower blossoms, fertilizer and water are controlled to prevent overgrowth. Keep flowers and set fruit. 3. Re-apply strong melon fertilizer. The management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened when the fruit grows to 3ml / 4kg. Apply three elements (15% of N, P, K respectively) compound fertilizer 15 kg, urea 10 kg, and potassium chloride 8 kg per mu. It was applied once every 10 times every 15 days, and 4 times continuously for 5 times. Wax gourd growth requires a large amount of water, should be irrigated in time, in the morning, irrigation to 1/2 of the height of the box until the whole box is moist after drainage, keep the soil moist, pay attention to eliminate stagnant water during the rainy period. Fourth, build up and trim the vine. After planting, the vine will be set up when the height of the seedling is 50ml / 60cm. The frame is 60m high and 70cm high. Remove all lateral vines before fruit setting, leaving 3 lateral vines when the fruit weighs 3 Mel 4 kg. Fifth, artificial pollination. The flowers of wax gourd are monoecious. In order to improve the setting rate, artificial pollination is carried out by selecting the male flowers that just opened in the morning, removing the petals and gently smearing the anthers on the female stigma. Sixth, choose to keep young melons. The size of wax gourd is related to the node position and the quality of young melons. When retaining melons, select the thick internodes where the vines grow. Generally, there are 3 young melons of the same size, covered with furry and shiny all over the body, on the internodes of 21 Mel 27. After sitting on the melon, when its diameter reaches 10 cm, remove the prepared melon and leave one melon on each vine. 7. Disease and pest control. 1. Disease control. The main diseases of wax gourd are Fusarium wilt and blight. The combination of cultivation control and chemical control was adopted in control. (1) cultivation and control. The rotation of flood and drought with non-melon crops for 3-4 years was carried out to increase the application of organic fertilizer, proper control of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and so on. (2) chemical control. At the initial stage of the onset of Fusarium wilt, the roots were irrigated with 800-fold solution of Guakuning or 200-fold solution of Nongkang 120 or 70% dimethazone 600-fold solution. Pay attention to the prevention and control of the epidemic disease after heavy rain or rainstorm, spray with 58% Redomir or 72% grams of epidemic cream 600 times or 12% oleic acid copper 800 times solution. 2. Pest control. The main pests of wax gourd are stink bugs, melon thrips, melon silk borer and so on. Rotational use of pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity is selected for prevention and control. Stink bugs are sprayed with 2000-fold solution of 90% trichlorfon or 80% dichlorvos. Thrips should be sprayed with 2000-fold solution of 25% pest aphid or 1000 times of good winter. The melon silk borer was sprayed with 1500 times solution of insect mite Shaxing or Aifuding 3 or phoxim after 4 pm.