Fertilization technology of sunflower

1. Types of base fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is mainly used in combination with chemical fertilizer. Fertilization period and method. The application of basic fertilizer combined with autumn ploughing is more beneficial to protect fertilizer and increase the emergence rate than that in spring. Fertilization method, combined with mechanical operation, using sprinkling, raking and then ploughing. Mara farmers work, apply fertilizer in the furrow, and then close the ridge. The amount of fertilizer. Organic fertilizer 1000 Mu 2000 kg, chemical fertilizer, N 5 Mel 8 kg, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 4 Mel 5 kg, potassium fertilizer can be mastered according to the soil potassium content obtained by soil testing, those who reach the normal standard can not apply potassium, and those who do not reach the normal standard can apply 3-4 kg potassium sulfate per mu. 2. Grow fertilizer. The main application of seed fertilizer is phosphorus to achieve the purpose of strengthening seedlings. Such as ammonium bicarbonate or ordinary calcium superphosphate plus a small amount of urea as seed fertilizer. The use of growing fertilizer. Combine sowing to apply organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer 2-3 cm under the seed, or 2-3 cm next to the seed. 3. Topdressing. The fertilizer applied after sunflower emergence is called topdressing. Sunflower is a kind of crop that needs a lot of fertilizer. depending on base fertilizer and mouth fertilizer alone can not fully meet the vegetative growth and reproductive growth and nutrient needs of sunflower in budding and later growth stage. Especially for summer sowing sunflowers, topdressing is more important in the case of insufficient or no application of base fertilizer. Topdressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined with a certain amount of potash fertilizer. Fertilizer types include ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium chloride and other chemical fertilizers, as well as mature human feces, urine, plant ash and other quick-acting fertilizers. In addition, it also includes some trace elements such as zinc, molybdenum, manganese, copper and so on. The determination of the quantity and period of topdressing of sunflower is mainly based on the fertilizer demand, soil fertilizer supply capacity, climatic conditions and the amount of base fertilizer and mouth fertilizer applied in different growth stages. At the same time, it is often combined with field management measures in production. The period from budding to flowering of sunflower is the vigorous production stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth at the same time, which requires a lot of nutrients and concentrated, so topdressing should be arranged before this period. In general, the effect of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer was better when 7-8 pairs of leaves were applied. Generally, it is 10-15 cm from the base of the sunflower rhizome to dig a small pit to fertilize, and then cover the soil. The depth of fertilization depends on the type of topdressing and soil moisture, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia and other volatile fertilizers should be applied deeply, and in the case of dry soil, the fertilizer should also be applied deeply, so that the fertilizer is in contact with wet soil and is easy to exert its effect in time. Such as the use of intertillage and early topdressing, can be combined with the first intertillage, ploughing depth of 8 to 10 centimeters, must be about 15 centimeters away from the seedlings. When topdressing in the late stage, it can be combined with the last intertillage, and the fertilizer can be applied between rows, and the ploughing depth is still 8cm to 10cm. In short, when topdressing fertilizer, we should not only pay attention to the depth and apply it to the wet soil layer, but not damage the plant root system because of the deep application, but also pay attention to make the fertilizer not too close to the plant and burn the root. 4. Foliar spraying fertilizer. Spraying 0.005% zinc, copper, manganese and molybdenum solution at budding stage of sunflower can increase the oil content of seed, reduce the rate of empty grain and improve the plumpness of seed. Foliar fertilizer spraying with 0.1% urea solution could significantly increase the yield, and spraying 1:3:3 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium solution at sunflower flowering could greatly increase the yield and increase the oil content.