Planting and cultivation techniques of Tremella fuciformis

Tremella fuciformis is planted with a wide range of raw materials and easy to obtain, so it has a bright future. A peasant family, as long as the use of 15 square meters of 2 houses, one can plant 2500 bags, a year can grow 6 batches, a net profit of more than 8000 yuan. 1618 kg of dried Tremella can be collected for every 100 kg of cottonseed hull or miscellaneous sawdust. The main techniques are as follows: ㈠ ingredients to plant Tremella fuciformis culture materials, according to local resources, select the main raw materials according to local conditions, and cooperate with other auxiliary materials. Sawdust from broad-leaved trees such as poplar, willow and various fruit trees can be used. The branches of these trees can also be cut into thin slices, dried in the sun, and then crushed into powdered sawdust. Cottonseed husk is a good raw material for planting Tremella fuciformis, and its unit yield can be 20% higher than that of sawdust. In addition, corncob, bagasse, peanut shell, sunflower seeds and so on can be used for planting. Formula 1: 100 kg of sawdust, 25 kg of wheat bran, 4 kg of gypsum powder, 0.4 kg of urea, 0.4 kg of lime powder, 0.5 kg of magnesium sulfate, 100 kg of water. Formula 2: 100 kg of cottonseed hull, 25 kg of wheat bran, 4 kg of gypsum powder, 0.4 kg of urea, 0.4 kg of lime powder and 100 kg of water. Formula 3: 40 kg of bagasse, 20 kg of cottonseed shell, 40 kg of sawdust, 30 kg of wheat bran, 3 kg of gypsum powder, 2 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.5 kg of urea, 100 kg of water. After the formula is selected, the main raw materials, wheat husk, gypsum powder and other dry materials are poured on the cement floor, sucrose, chemical fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, etc. are melted in water, poured into the dry material, stirred repeatedly, sifted, broken up and mixed well, and the water content is 55%. 65%. Ingredients should be chosen in sunny or cloudy morning, not in rainy days. The culture material mixed with ㈡ bags must be packed into the planting bag as soon as possible. The planting bag of Tremella fuciformis should be made of low-pressure high-density polyethylene tube film, which is 12 cm in diameter and 3.5m in thickness, 50 cm in length, and can be cut into 240 bags per kg. Canned bottles can also be used as planting containers. Generally speaking, farmers use manual loading. Shake when you install half of it, and then install it after compaction. A special bagging machine for edible and medicinal fungi should be used in large area production, which can hold 400 bags per hour. The bag should be packed tightly and firmly, and the mouth of the bag should be tied with plastic rope. Hit 5 inoculation holes on the wall of the material bag with a diameter of 1.2 cm and a depth of 1.5 cm, then wipe off the sawdust on the surface of the bag and seal the hole with 3.3 × 3.3 cm square paper tape to form a culture medium for planting Tremella fuciformis. It should be no more than 5 hours from mixing to the end of bagging to prevent the culture medium from getting sour and deteriorating. ㈢ sterilization put the steamer on the cooker and stack the bag in the steamer with the tape facing up on one side. For large-scale production and construction of special sterilization stoves for brick masonry, it is suitable to fill 1000 bags in one stove. Sterilization should pay attention to three key points: first, after the bag enters the stove, it must be attacked vigorously and prevent air leakage, so that it can reach 100 ℃ within 4 hours; second, keep 14-16 hours at 100 ℃ to kill miscellaneous bacteria in the bag; third, after reaching the sterilization temperature and time, take out the tape while it is hot to prevent the tape from getting wet. ㈣ inoculation after sterilization of the material bag, when the temperature of the material dropped below 30 ℃ before inoculation. Before inoculation, the inoculation room was disinfected, and a thin layer of aged hyphae was dug off from the surface of the bacteria, and then dug down to stir the hyphae evenly. When inoculating, first open the adhesive tape on the hole mouth of the bag, use the inoculator to extract broad bean-sized bacteria, concentrate and quickly connect into the hole through alcohol lamp flame, and paste the tape conveniently to prevent the invasion of miscellaneous bacteria. The strain is 1mm more concave than adhesive tape, which is beneficial to the formation of primordium. Each bottle of planting seed can be picked up by planting bags of 25ml and 30bags. ㈤ fungus Tremella fuciformis can be used in the same room with the emergence of Tremella fuciformis. Qualified professional households can build special sterilization rooms and planting rooms. Require slightly higher terrain, close to the water source, easy to clean the site, doors and windows ventilation, good light. You can also build a simple ear shed in the courtyard. Whether it is a house or a simple ear shed, shelves with planting bags should be set up inside. The frame layer can be made of bamboo and wood, with a height of about 2.5 meters and a width of 50 centimeters. The shelf is divided into 8 layers with a distance of 30 centimeters. Each shelf is paved with bamboo and wood to facilitate the discharge of bacterial bags. Plastic film enclosure can be used around the room to keep heat and moisture well. The planting room should be used to spray and disinfect sur and dichlorvos. For the bacterial bag after inoculation, the indoor temperature should be kept at 28 ℃ in the first 4 days, no more than 30 ℃, and the room temperature should be 25 ℃ from 5 days. After 5 days of cultivation, the hyphae spread to the mouth of the acupoint, and a heap inspection should be carried out at this time. When it is found that the seed hole is contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, it should be killed by formalin injection. At the beginning of the arrangement of bacterial bags in the room, 5 bags are stacked according to the zigzag shape of every 4 mures, so that the temperature of the bag is increased and the development of mycelium is accelerated. From the 5th day, the bags should be placed on the bed one by one, in horizontal order, and the distance between the bags and the bags is about 1 cm. Insufficient temperature in winter, coal fire can be used to increase temperature, but we should pay attention to the exclusion of carbon dioxide, so as not to damage the mycelium of Tremella fuciformis. The relative humidity of the indoor air is less than 70%. Under the premise of keeping the room temperature, open the doors and windows twice a day for 30 minutes. If the temperature has reached the above requirements, you can open the windows for a long time to make the air flow fresh. Uncover ventilation: after about 10 years of cultivation, the mycelium in the bag has spread around the inoculation mouth, forming a round shape. When the mycelium grows to 10 cm in diameter, that is, when the hole is connected with the bacterial circle of the hole, the tape should be lifted into the soybean grain-sized round hole to allow oxygen into the material to speed up the growth and development of the mycelium, but before the opening, dichlorvos pesticides should be used to slightly spray the bag surface and space. 12 hours after the tape is removed, spray with clear water, 3 murals 4 times a day, but do not spray directly into the cave, combined with ventilation. After 4 days, a protruding white fluffy mycelium mass, commonly known as "white hair mass", gradually appeared in the acupoint. At this time, the room temperature was 20 ℃ and the relative humidity was 80%. With the physiological maturity of the mycelium, light yellow water droplets (secretion of mycelium metabolism) appear on the white hair mass. At this time, you can tilt the bag toward the mouth of the hole, let the yellow water flow out of the hole, and adjust the room temperature to 25 ℃ to make the yellow water contract. Generally, 15-16 days after inoculation, when white broken rice-shaped ears gradually appear in the hole, tear off all the tape, cover the whole newspaper on each bacterial bag, and spray water on the paper to keep it moist. ㈥ ear management Tremella fuciformis differentiates from primordium to fruiting body, which usually takes about 18 days. The specific method of ear management is to expand the acupoint and increase oxygen: cut off the film about 1 cm along the edge of the ear hole with a blade to enlarge the hole and increase the oxygen in the bag. Spray humidification: spray water on the covered newspaper twice a day in the ear stage, often keep the newspaper moist. When the fruiting body grows to 3 cm, in order to avoid rotten ears, take off the covered newspaper, put it in the sun for one day, and then take it back for use, every 3 times should be carried out every 5 days, every time the newspaper should be removed 12 hours, let the fruit body contact with oxygen, and then cover, continue to spray moisturizing. Young ear stage spray more water, the weather should be wet less spray, more ventilation; fruiting body growth in the middle; more water absorption, sunny and dry weather, should spray less ventilation. Pay attention to ventilation: Tremella fuciformis fruit body up to 24 ℃ 29 days is the strongest vitality stage, the bag temperature is higher, if the room temperature is more than 27 ℃, should open doors and windows all day, long-time ventilation, and cooperate with water spray management to prevent dryness after ventilation. Stop spraying to be collected: about 30 days after inoculation, the fruiting body has grown to about 12 centimeters. You should stop spraying water to the newspaper to prevent the earpiece from getting too wet and moldy. After stopping wetting for 7 days, the ear piece thickened and transferred to the harvest period. Harvest and processing: Tremella fuciformis from inoculation to harvest, the whole process is generally 35mur40 days, but the harvest can be extended by 5 days in case of overcast and rainy days. Mature Tremella, white and crystal clear, shaped like a peony, as big as a jade bowl, the ear pieces are stretched and elastic, usually up to 15 mi 20 cm in diameter and 150 mi 200 g fresh weight.