"five measures" for effective control of blackhead disease of Flammulina velutipes

Blackhead disease, also known as bacterial brown spot, is a kind of pseudomonas, belonging to the phylum and class of fission bacteria. The bacteria were rod-shaped, forming white colonies and negative for Gram staining. 1. The internal cause of the disease is the non-resistance of the variety, and the external cause is high temperature, high humidity or spraying dirty water to bring bacteria to the fruiting body, such as water droplets on the cover surface for a long time or excessive humidity is very conducive to the occurrence of the disease. Poor ventilation can aggravate the development of the disease, and medium temperature conditions are suitable for the disease. Second, prevention and control measures 1. Keep the mushroom farm clean and hygienic, and remove diseased mushrooms and wastes in time; mushroom houses, bed frames, appliances, etc., should be thoroughly disinfected with 1:50 times of Venus disinfectant or 2% bleach before use, especially in mushroom sheds with serious primary diseases. two。 When mixing materials, verruca should be mixed with water according to 1000 times the proportion of verruca. Do not use antifouling agents with high toxicity and high residue, so as to ensure the production effect. 3. The culture materials of Flammulina velutipes should be sterilized thoroughly, the culture materials of mushrooms and Pleurotus ostreatus should be fully fermented and ripened evenly, and the soil-covering materials should be fumigated with formaldehyde. 4. The temperature of Flammulina velutipes mushroom should be controlled below 15 ℃ during the mushroom emergence period, avoid the season of high temperature and high humidity, strengthen ventilation and heat dissipation at high temperature, and the temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus during mushroom emergence period should not exceed 18 ℃. If the air temperature rises suddenly, cooling measures should be taken, such as opening window, uncovering film, shading, etc., but we should pay attention to the temperature fluctuation in the mushroom room should not be too large, to prevent water vapor condensation and produce water film. 5. It is found that diseased mushrooms should be removed in time, and immediately increase ventilation, suspend or reduce water spraying, quickly lower the temperature, and use medicine to control the disease. For example, 5% limewater can be sprayed on the material surface. Streptomycin or 300 units of oxytetracycline per milliliter can also be sprayed, or 500 × 1000 times bleaching powder, once every 2 days, the mushroom bed will be stopped for 1 day before and after application, and the medicine can be used again at intervals of 3 to 4 days. It can effectively control the spread of the disease. When the disease is serious, you should first remove the diseased mushroom, clean the material surface or cover the soil, and then spray according to the above method.