What is the demand for fertilizer for garlic?

What is the demand for fertilizer for garlic? Please introduce that garlic is one of the vegetables that need more fertilizer and are more tolerant. The absorption dynamics of nutrient elements in garlic at different growth stages increased with the increase of plant growth. The germination period of garlic is from sowing to primary leaves protruding from the ground. the characteristic of this period is that the root system grows longitudinally, the growth point differentiates new leaves one after another, and the main function of root system is to absorb water. Due to the small growth, short growth period and low consumption of nutrients, all kinds of nutrients needed are provided by growing garlic. From the development of primary leaves to the differentiation of scale buds and flower buds, it is the seedling stage. In this period, new leaves continue to differentiate, laying the foundation for the differentiation of scale buds and flower buds. From germination to seedling growth, we rely on garlic to provide nutrients. With the growth of seedlings, the storage nutrition of garlic is gradually consumed. When the nutrients are absorbed and utilized, the garlic mother begins to dry up, which is called "withdrawal mother" in production. The withdrawal period is generally around the end of the seedling stage, the growth of garlic depends entirely on soil nutrition supply, the amount of fertilizer absorption increases significantly, such as lack of soil nutrients, the plant is easy to appear nutrition green and yellow and show the leaf dry tip. After the end of the seedling stage, garlic entered the stage of scale bud and flower bud differentiation. In this period, the new leaves stopped differentiation, mainly leaf growth, flower primordia formed at the growing point of the plant, scale buds formed in the axils of the inner leaves, root growth enhanced, nutrient accumulation increased, which laid the foundation for the growth of garlic and garlic bolt. accelerating the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients is the key period for the growth and development of garlic. From the end of flower bud differentiation to the harvest of garlic stalk, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth went hand in hand, and the growth was the largest. At the same time of the rapid elongation of garlic bolts, the bulbs gradually formed and expanded, and the root growth and fertilizer absorption capacity reached the peak, which was the key period for the maximum amount of fertilizer and fertilization. After garlic stem harvest, the bulb expansion period, the root system began to senescence, a large amount of nutrients absorbed and stored nutrients in leaves and sheaths were transported to the bulb, and the bulb expanded rapidly and filled in time. At this time, due to the gradual aging of leaves and roots, the amount of fertilizer absorption is small, and most of the nutrients needed for bulb expansion come from the redistribution of their own nutrients. The requirement and physiological effect of garlic on all kinds of nutrients: according to the research, the absorption of various nutrient elements by garlic is the most in nitrogen, followed by potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. When the absorption amount of nitrogen is 1, the absorption ratio of various elements is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: calcium: magnesium = 0.25: 0.35; 0.85: 0.95; 0.5: 0.75; 0.060: 13.4-16.3 kg of nitrogen, 1.9-16.3 kg of phosphorus, 7.1-8.5 kg of potassium, 1.1-2.1 kg of calcium per 1 600 kg of garlic. Garlic after scale bud and flower bud differentiation is the peak of absorption of three elements in garlic life; before bolting is the peak of absorption of trace elements iron, manganese and magnesium; after bolting, the absorption of three elements and boron reaches a small peak again, and the absorption of zinc reaches the peak. Among the three elements of fertilizer, nitrogen deficiency had the greatest effect on garlic yield, followed by phosphorus deficiency, potassium deficiency had the least effect, and when the three elements were lacking at the same time, it had a greater effect on garlic yield. Garlic began to absorb nitrogen nutrition after emergence, and increased rapidly at every stage of growth and development, especially in the bulb expansion stage after bolting. The results showed that the nitrogen absorption of garlic at seedling stage was about 5.8 kg, accounting for about 30% of the total absorption; the absorption at the elongation stage of garlic was about 7.4 kg, accounting for about 38% of the total absorption; and the absorption during the expansion period was about 6.0 kg, accounting for about 30.7% of the total absorption. In the process of garlic growth and development, the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is sufficient, the plant growth rate is accelerated, the nutrition is large, the leaves are thick green and thick; nitrogen deficiency, plant growth is slow, thin, small and yellow leaves. If the seedling stage nitrogen deficiency, the growth is slow, the leaf is narrow and long, the leaf color is light green; in the middle and later stage of nitrogen deficiency, except for the whole plant to turn green, the obvious characteristic is that the lower part is easy to appear yellow leaves, and when serious, the leaves are easy to dry up. Therefore, attention should be paid to the application of nitrogen fertilizer in production. Phosphorus is indispensable to promote the growth and development of garlic roots, the differentiation and growth of garlic bolts and cloves. The absorption of phosphorus by garlic at seedling stage was 0.855 kg, accounting for 17% of the total absorption; the absorption of 667m 2 was the highest during the elongation period, with 3.095 kg of 667m 2, accounting for 62% of the total absorption; after bolting, the absorption of garlic in the expansion stage decreased, and the absorption of 667m 2 was 1.1kg, accounting for 21% of the total absorption. Potassium is one of the main nutrient elements absorbed by garlic, like nitrogen, it absorbs a large amount in the whole growth and development process of garlic, and the content in the plant is also high, which plays an important role in the growth and development of garlic. in particular, it is directly related to the sugar content in garlic and the quality of garlic. Therefore, great attention should be paid to the use of potash fertilizer in production to ensure the need of garlic for potassium. The absorption of potassium by garlic is relatively high, the absorption of 667m 2 in seedling stage is 4.883 kg, accounting for 21.2% of the total absorption; the absorption of 667m 2 in the elongation stage of garlic is 12.25kg, accounting for about 53.2% of the total absorption; during the expansion period, the absorption of garlic decreased, and the absorption of 667m 2 was 5.889 kg, accounting for about 25.6% of the total absorption. Calcium application in acid soil can reduce soil acidity. When garlic is deficient in calcium, necrotic spots appear on the plant leaves, with the increase of necrotic spots, the leaves bend down, the leaf tip dies quickly, and the root growth is greatly inhibited; the yield of garlic can be increased by increasing calcium application. Magnesium is a component of chlorophyll, magnesium deficiency in garlic will cause chlorosis of leaves, the symptoms are first at the base of the old leaves, gradually develop to the tip of the leaves, and finally turn yellow and die; the symptoms of magnesium deficiency in garlic are generally late, and the plant grows slowly, 30 days after sowing. 7 leaves appeared in the plant. The application of magnesium can rapidly increase the yield of garlic and promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but has a certain effect on the absorption of calcium, with the increase of magnesium concentration, the absorption of calcium decreases; however, calcium has almost no effect on the absorption of magnesium. Sulfur is the constituent element of garlic quality. Proper application of sulfur can enhance the flavor of garlic, and has a tendency to increase the weight of garlic and the growth of garlic bolts. The results showed that the application of copper sulfate and potassium sulfate could reduce the rate of deformed bolting and ball cracking (cracking of garlic caused by secondary growth) and improve the commerciality of garlic. Urea and copper sulfate are often used as sulfur source in production, and the effect is better. According to the characteristics of fertilizer requirement and absorption of garlic, the fertilization technology of garlic should adhere to the fertilization principle of organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, base fertilizer, topdressing, coarse fertilizer and chemical fertilizer skillfully in order to meet the needs of nutrient elements in the process of garlic growth and development. Fertilization of garlic is generally divided into base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer. 1. The basic fertilizer garlic has shallow root distribution, less root hair and weak fertilizer absorption ability, which requires high quantity and quality of base fertilizer. Base fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer, which usually refers to pigsty fertilizer, human feces and urine, chicken and duck manure, barnyard manure, cake fertilizer, compost and so on. These fertilizers have comprehensive nutrients, high content, long fertilizer effect and great effect. According to the characteristics that garlic needs more fertilizer, whether the amount of base fertilizer is sufficient or not is directly related to the commodity of garlic and the overwintering performance of the plant, so we should apply sufficient base fertilizer as far as possible in production. The amount of base fertilizer applied to garlic should be comprehensively considered according to many factors such as the target yield of garlic and the amount of fertilizer absorbed per unit yield. Generally, when garlic is produced at 667 m 2, 2500 kg of pig manure and 3000 kg of urine, or 4500 kg of barnyard manure, or 500kg of human feces can be used. Conditional application of cottonseed cake 50 kg 100 kg, or bean cake 50 kg or so can be applied at 667 m 2. It can also be applied with green manure such as alfalfa and fresh grass retting as base fertilizer. The chemical fertilizers used with organic fertilizer as base fertilizer usually include calcium superphosphate, nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer and so on. On the basis of the above yield levels and fertilization, it is generally required to apply about 75kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer at 667 m 2. The application of nitrogen fertilizer requires 2 to 3 as base fertilizer and 1 to 3 as forced fertilizer. Most of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used as base fertilizers. The application amount of phosphate fertilizer, generally 667 meters 2 can be applied about 30 kg of calcium superphosphate, phosphorus deficiency of the new garlic area can be applied to 45 kg, the content of soil available phosphorus in the old garlic area is relatively high, and when the amount of organic fertilizer is more, it can be applied about 15 kg. Both calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer should be mixed with organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and shallow ploughing to turn over the ploughing layer of soil. The application amount of potash fertilizer, generally 667 meters 2 application of potassium sulfate 30 kg or so. If the soil available potassium content is low, but also has the potassium application condition can apply up to 45kg. If the content of soil available potassium is high, it can be applied about 15 kg. There are many kinds of potash fertilizer, such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, which can be used as base fertilizer. The use of base fertilizer is generally half of the organic fertilizer before soil preparation, evenly scattered on the surface, combined with soil preparation, turned into the ground, and the other half is concentrated in the ditch when sowing, so that the fertilizer and soil are mixed, and then sow. For example, when using ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia or human feces and urine as base fertilizer, it should be buried in trenches or poured with water, and then combined with soil preparation to make it mix evenly with the soil. After the application of phosphate fertilizer to soil, it has the characteristics of low mobility and large fixation. If applied too shallowly, most of the phosphate fertilizer will remain on the surface of the ground; if applied too deep, most of the phosphate fertilizer will remain below the plough layer. At the same time, because the phosphate fertilizer is fixed, the larger the contact surface with the soil and the longer the time, the more phosphorus is fixed after the phosphate fertilizer is applied into the soil. Therefore, it is best to apply phosphate fertilizer shallowly, centrally or layer by layer, or 6-10 cm underground after soil preparation, so as to facilitate seedling absorption, cultivate strong seedlings and improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in the current season. Potash fertilizer can be applied with ploughing and spreading when ploughing, and then into the ground after sowing. two。 Topdressing in the growth process of garlic, from the seedling stage to the bulb harvest, according to its growth and development and the characteristics of fertilizer demand and absorption, fertilizing by stages is topdressing. The topdressing of garlic is generally based on nitrogen fertilizer, but the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and many elements is not only conducive to the normal growth and development of garlic, but also conducive to the absorption and utilization of nutrients and improve the quality of garlic. A large number of experiments show that nitrogen fertilizer has a significant yield-increasing effect on garlic, and attention should be paid to the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the process of garlic growth. However, at present, there is a phenomenon of heavy nitrogen fertilizer and light phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in garlic fertilization. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer is easy to cause abnormal growth of garlic (such as secondary growth, etc.), reduce the commercial nature of garlic, and bolting late, more bifurcation. No matter using urea or ammonium sulfate as nitrogen fertilizer, the fresh weight of shoot, the diameter of bulb and the weight of garlic increased significantly, while the yield of garlic stalk decreased and the secondary growth increased significantly. Therefore, for the varieties prone to secondary growth, attention should be paid to the possible adverse effects when topdressing nitrogen fertilizer. According to the experiment, the effect of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is closely related to the size of garlic cloves. The smaller the garlic cloves, the greater the yield increase with nitrogen application. For example, when the weight of garlic cloves is 0.7-1g, the yield of nitrogen application is 0.6%; when the weight of garlic cloves is 2.0-3.0g, the yield of nitrogen application is 35.7%. Therefore, when using small garlic cloves as seeds, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased appropriately. Topdressing phosphate or potassium fertilizer can improve the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, promote the growth and development of garlic, and increase the yield of garlic bolting and garlic head. In topdressing, topdressing should be strengthened in the late growth stage of garlic. Topdressing in the later stage can promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increase the absorption peak and prolong the duration. In the later stage, garlic needs not only nitrogen, but also phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the proportion of lice, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 20:10:10, or compound fertilizer is applied, which is beneficial to prevent premature senescence of garlic leaves and promote the transport of leaf nutrients to the bulb. it can significantly increase the yield of garlic bolting and garlic head. The topdressing period of garlic is generally divided into topdressing before overwintering, returning to green stage, topdressing during the extension of garlic bolts and topdressing during the growing period of garlic. The main results are as follows: (1) the main purpose of topdressing before overwintering is to promote the normal germination and emergence of garlic and cultivate strong seedlings. The appearance of strong garlic seedlings before winter is: there are 5 leaves, the plant height is about 25 cm, the fresh weight per plant is about 10 grams, and the root system is uniform, there are about 30. The seedlings of autumn sowing garlic can be produced 7-9 days after sowing, and about a month after emergence, the seedlings can be fertilized once to promote the rapid rooting and growth of seedlings and improve the safe overwintering performance of garlic. For the varieties with fast growth in the early stage of seedlings, it can be applied late. Promoting seedling fertilizer generally accounts for 25% to 30% of the total topdressing amount. If the soil is fertile and the basal fertilizer is sufficient, especially the varieties prone to secondary growth of outer layer, seedling fertilizer should be applied less, dispersed or not. When garlic enters the overwintering period, the overwintering fertilizer is applied, and compost and soil manure are often used to thicken the overwintering protective layer of the root system. It can improve the overwintering performance of seedlings, ensure safe overwintering, and help to return green early in the second year and grow quickly. (2) topdressing in returning to green period when the daily average temperature in spring reaches 7 ℃, the garlic seedlings begin to turn green. It is necessary to remove the mulch in time, sun for 2 or 3 days, and topdressing once before and after the growth of garlic before and after "the Spring Equinox", generally 667m 2 topdressing 1000kg to 1500kg organic fertilizer or 10kg to 15kg standard nitrogen fertilizer. For those who have applied seedling promoting fertilizer and overwintering fertilizer, the returning green fertilizer may not be applied during the returning period, or the returning green fertilizer may be postponed to be combined with bolting fertilizer. (3) topdressing during garlic bolting growth period refers to the topdressing from the beginning of differentiation of garlic cloves to the period of symbiosis with garlic before picking up garlic bolts. In Shandong, garlic generally enters the bolting and petal differentiation stage at the end of March and the beginning of April (before Qingming Festival), and the bolting stage around May 20 (that is, Lesser Fullness of Grain). This stage is the period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of garlic, the elongation period of garlic stalk and the early growth stage of garlic overlap, the growth of garlic is in an exuberant period, all the leaves have grown out, and the growth of aboveground part of the plant has reached the maximum. the yield of garlic in the underground part has formed close to 50%, the root system has actively expanded horizontally, and the growth and absorption have gradually reached the peak, so heavy fertilization should be applied during this period. The amount of topdressing should account for 30% to 40% of the total topdressing. It is necessary to increase the application of compound chemical fertilizer and potash fertilizer if possible. To lay a good foundation for garlic bolting and garlic expansion. (4) after topdressing garlic stalk in garlic growing period, the roots, stems and leaves of garlic basically stopped growing, and nutrients were concentrated and transferred to garlic. Before garlic stalk harvest, the growth of garlic is mainly volume increase, after garlic stem harvest, garlic growth is mainly weight gain, the average daily weight gain is nearly 1 gram, daily increase diameter is 0.06 cm, within 8 days after garlic stalk harvest, it is the fastest growing stage in garlic life, the average daily weight gain of each garlic can reach 1.4 grams, daily increase diameter 0.08 cm. In order to protect roots and prevent premature senescence, prolong the functional period of leaves and promote the transfer and accumulation of dry matter, heavy fertilization should be applied during the growing period of garlic, mainly with available nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to avoid partial application of nitrogen. The amount of topdressing should account for 25% and 30% of the total topdressing. The application method of topdressing garlic fertilizer is generally strip application, water application or burial application. When applying soil miscellaneous fertilizer, it is often trenched and sprinkled into strips; chemical fertilizers are generally used to cover the soil after ditch application, watering, or pouring with water, or taking advantage of rain. After forcing fertilizer at seedling stage, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding, keeping soil loose and soil moisture, reducing nutrient loss and speeding up the absorption and utilization of nutrients by roots. (5) fertilization techniques for garlic seedlings garlic seedling cultivation is for the purpose of harvesting seedlings, and the growth period experienced is mainly the seedling stage, which can be cultivated with multiple crops in a year. Garlic seedlings grow in light, and the leaves are green, which is called green garlic. Growing in the absence of light, the leaves are yellow, called garlic yellow. The growth period of garlic seedlings is short and requires less fertilizer, but the plant density is high and the amount of fertilizer absorbed per unit area is more. At the same time, garlic seedlings are often planted with smaller cloves, and the mother valve provides less nutrition, so the soil needs more fertilizer. In addition, the edible part is a pseudostem (that is, leaf sheath, also known as garlic white) and tender leaves, which requires garlic seedlings to be tender, juicy and delicious, so the cultivation and fertilization of garlic seedlings can not be ignored. The fertilization of garlic seedling cultivation is to apply sufficient basic fertilizer, and second, there is no need to squat seedlings, to promote to the end. Base fertilizer can be combined with soil preparation, 667m 2 application of rotten circle fertilizer 4000kg, or human and animal manure 25003000kg, or farm manure 5000 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 15kg 20kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg as base fertilizer. Topdressing is generally applied for 2 to 3 times, which is suitable for quick-acting fertilizer and mainly nitrogen fertilizer. The first topdressing is generally carried out after the emergence of the seedlings, 667 m 2 application of 1000-1500 kg of feces from acquaintances, or 10-15 kg of urea; the second topdressing can be carried out about 15 days before harvest, and the application amount can be the same as that of the first time. If the harvest is late, one fertilizer can be added between the two times of topdressing, and the amount of topdressing is generally 667 m 2 with 15-20 kg urea. The harvest after spring should be combined with pouring green water and applying green fertilizer to speed up the return to green and improve the quality and yield of garlic seedlings. To cultivate garlic seedlings in greenhouse, it is necessary to prepare fertile soil. Topdressing is mainly carried out through foliar topdressing. After the seedling height is 5 cm, 20 grams of urea water is applied every 2 meters, and then 300 times diammonium phosphate solution is sprayed every 7 days. After each foliar fertilization, the foliar surface should be washed with clean water to avoid fertilizer damage. Click to get more garlic planting techniques click to get more vegetable planting techniques