Production and Seedling raising techniques of High quality Rice

(1) the standard seedling age of strong seedlings is 30 Mel 35 days, the leaf age is 3.5 Mel 4.5 pieces, the height of seedlings is 12 mi 14 cm, the number of roots is 9 Mel 10, and the dry weight of 100 seedlings is more than 3 grams. (2) prepare before raising seedlings. Choose the nursery bed: choose flat terrain, leeward and sunny. Good drainage, convenient water source, loose and fertile soil, acidity-free garden or dry land for nurturing seedling fields. It is best to establish a seedling base in the seedling field, which should be fixed for a long time, fattening year after year and eliminating weeds. If the water is changed from drought to water in the first year, long residual pesticides should be avoided, otherwise, the seedlings will cause drug damage or even be destroyed. The specific long-residual pesticides are chlorosulfuron, imidazoethonicotinic acid, fluorosulfonate, atrazine, nicosulfuron, metsulfuron, chlorosulfuron, simazine and so on. The ratio of seedling to Honda is determined by ⒉: it is appropriate to use 1RV 80mur100, that is to say, 125mur145 square meters of rice field is needed for each Honda. ⒊ seedbed specifications: actively promote seedling raising in large and medium-sized greenhouses, the greenhouse nursery bed is 6m wide, the bed length is 40m m, the shed height is 2.2m, the sidewalk width is 30m m 40cm, the bed height is 10m m 12cm, and the width of agricultural film is 10m m 11m. The width of the seedling bed in the middle shed is 5 mi 6 m, the height of the shed is 1.6 mi 1.7 m, the length of the bed is 30 mi 50 m, the height of the bed is 10 mi 12 cm, and the specification of the agricultural film is 8 mi 9 m wide. ⒋ makes the bed on the ground. Advocate making a bed in autumn, applying agricultural fertilizer in autumn, and making a bed in spring, rake in early spring, ploughing to a depth of 12mur15cm, remove stubble, break bumpy pull, and flatten the bed surface. Avoid suppressing seedbeds. ⒌ nursery bed fertilization, acid adjustment, disinfection, can be used Wadijia 3.3% Fu. The application method of the powder is as follows: first, pour the contents of the small bag (0.75kg) into the bag (4.75kg) and mix evenly, then take 120g (250g / bag) of Shengjio soil phosphorus and potassium activator powder, and mix it with 0.6mur0.8 cubic meter (about 600kg) sifted dry field soil or mountain soil to form nutritious soil. Especially in the plots with pesticide residues from drought to water, soil phosphorus and potassium activators must be used. ⑴ nutritious soil nursery method: about 600kg of nutritious soil is evenly spread on a pre-leveled seedling bed of 30 square meters, with a thickness of about 3cm. ⑵ isolation layer seedling method: the bed surface is fine, leveled, poured through the bottom water, covered with isolators, and about 600kg of nutrient soil is evenly spread on 30 square meters, with a thickness of about 3cm, flattened. ⑶ plate seedling: flatten the bed, pour enough bottom water, put the floppy disk or lay out the bottom cushion, pour the contents of the small bag (0.75kg) into the big bag (4.75kg) and mix well, then take Shengjio soil phosphorus and potassium activator powder 120g (250g / bag), mix it with 350kg sifted fine dry soil or mountain soil to make nutritious soil, evenly spread it in 180nursery plates. ⒍ poured enough water at the bottom of the seedling bed and poured through the bottom water of the seedling bed with a spray pot to make the soil moisture in the 15 cm deep bed saturated. (3) Variety and seed treatment ⒈ variety selection: according to the natural climate characteristics of this city, we mainly select mid-early maturing varieties according to local conditions, such as Kenjiandao 10, Longjing 14, Kongyu 131, Sanjiangdao No.1 and so on. The seed purity must be 99%, the purity is 95%, the germination rate is more than 90%, the water content is not higher than 16%, and the seed per mu is 4 kg. ⒉ seed drying: after the seed comes out of the storehouse, choose sunny sun seed 1Mui for 2 days, pay attention to turning it frequently, turn 3Mel 4 times a day. Can not be directly exposed to the cement, so as not to cause cracks in rice seeds. ⒊ seed selection: first screening, screening out grass seeds and impurities, and then seed selection with specific gravity liquid, seed selection with 1.13kg yellow mud water or salt, that is, 50kg water plus 12Mel 12.5kg salt, determination of density with new eggs, eggs showing the size of nickels in the solution, seed selection can begin to fish out the blighted grain, remove the grains with broken shells at the bottom, and wash the selected seeds twice with clean water. ⒋ seed soaking and disinfection: soak the selected seeds with a solution of 4000 times the 100g of 3000Mel, that is, soak the seeds with 12.5ml of 100g, 50kg of water and 40kg of seed soaking, stirring twice a day, keeping the water temperature 10mur15 ℃, soaking and disinfecting the seeds for 7 days, soaking thoroughly and crushing the seeds without heart. ⒌ sprouting: soak the seeds, use 35 ℃ water string to increase the seed temperature, then cover the seeds with warm materials, break the chest with 30 ℃ high temperature, and forbid high temperature; when the seeds are about 80% broken, lower the temperature to 25 ℃ to grow buds, turn frequently so that the seeds are heated evenly and sprout evenly; when the buds are 1 mm long, cool to 1520 ℃ low temperature to dry buds to sow. (4) sowing ⒈ sowing date: when the temperature of the day is stable, it can be sown after 5 Mel and 6 ℃. The specific time is from April 10 to 20. ⒉ seeding rate: hand sowing 250Mel 300g per square meter for sprout sowing (5MUR 6 taels); plate sowing seedlings, each plate sowing dry seeds is about 90Mul 100g, that is, sowing sprouting 110MUR 120 (2.2MUR 2.4 taels). ⒊ prevention of underground pests: fumigation with a mixture of phosphorus granules, with a dosage of about 8 kg per greenhouse. ⒋ sowing method: artificial sowing or mechanical sowing, sowing should be uniform, uneven chicken feathers can be used to sweep seeds to a uniform state. After sowing, the seeds were pressed with wood or rolled with plastic (11340, 15.00, 0.13%), so that the seeds were buried on three sides. ⒌ cover soil: cover 0.5cm thick with sifted fertile soil without grass seeds and cover the seeds tightly. ⒍ closed herbicide: first, use Wuchang to produce 1.15% Ding. Powder powder (seedbed herbicide) 250g (one bag), mixed fine soil 3ml 5kg, sprinkled 20 square meters of seedbed, closed to kill weeds. In order to spread evenly, sprinkle 70% first, and then use 30% to find evenly. The second is to use 40%. The dosage of EC (bed Jingfeng) is 40mur50ml / 100m2 (a 20ml spray 40MUE 50m2), 50kg of water, spray after covering soil. The third is to use 90% herbicide EC to control weeds, which can be used alone in rice seedbeds dominated by paspalum grass, with a dosage of 30 ml / 100 square meters, 50 kg of water and spraying after covering soil; on the seedbeds where barnyardgrass and broad-leaved grass are mixed, a mixture of herbicide and prometryne should be used, and the dosage and method are as follows: 30 ml of 90% herbicide + 40% promethazine per 100 square meters, 50 kg of water, and spray after covering soil. ⒎ flat plastic film: after sowing, cover the bed with plastic film for heat preservation, and remove it immediately after emergence. ⒏ erection and buckling shed: after covering the film in the large and medium-sized shed, the pull rope on the film will press the greenhouse film, and the soil will be used around it. Pull up the windbreak net belt and set up wind barriers. (5) Seedling field management ⒈ temperature management: sealing and heat preservation from sowing to seedling emergence. From emergence to one leaf stage, the temperature in the greenhouse should not exceed 28 ℃, pay attention to start ventilation; from 1.5 to 2.5 leaves, the greenhouse temperature should be controlled at 20 ℃, and the ventilation rate should be increased step by step to prevent high temperature seedling burning and seedling growth; from 2.5 leaves to 3 leaves, the greenhouse temperature should be controlled below 20 ℃ to cover day and night gradually. Uncover the film before transplanting, exercise for more than 3 days, increase the mulch when you encounter low temperature, and keep warm in time. ⒉ water management: seedlings should not be watered before 2-leaf stage in principle, keep the soil moist, replenish water in time when there is no water on the leaf tip in the morning, wilt seedlings at noon or dry and crack the bed surface, and dry the bed in time when there is stagnant water on the bed. After the seedling 2-leaf stage, the bed soil should be irrigated with plastic film in the morning or in the evening, and the times of watering should be reduced. After uncovering the film, the watering times can be increased appropriately, but it can not be irrigated on the bed. Watering time should be in the morning or evening, each time fully watered. ⒊ seedbed to kill weeds: there is no closed seedbed to kill weeds. Paspalum grass is used to kill barnyardgrass at 1.5leaf stage, 1.5ml of 16% barnyardgrass EC is used per square meter, 30 times of water is added, spray is sprayed after the dew disappears, and the film is covered immediately after spraying. ⒋ is used to prevent blight. When the seedling leaves are 1.5, spray 200m2 seedling bed with 100ml bacteriological dehydrated agent, or spray seedling with 2ml transplanting Ling per square meter, diluted 1000 times, or spray seedling with 3.2g withering 15g to 2.5kg water. ⒌ seedling bed topdressing: seedling 2.5leaf to 3leaf stage, is the weaning stage, seedling resistance weakens, hunger is easy to yellowing, per square meter seedling bed with 2g, 50ml 60g water, uniform spray, the effect is very good. At that time, Honda was a land that changed from drought to water, and the seedlings were sprayed again 5 days before transplanting. Can also be combined with watering a chemical fertilizer, per square meter seedling bed with urea 1.5ml 2g, zinc sulfate 0.25g, diluted 100 times liquid, foliar fertilizer spraying, timely washing seedlings with clean water after spraying. Or 25 grams of ammonium sulfate, 2.5 kg of water, foliar spray, after topdressing, wash the seedlings with clean water. Transplanting with soil can also be one day before raising seedlings, after the dew disappears, apply 100 grams of diammonium phosphate per square meter, spray 100 times the liquid of water 80, and wash the seedlings with clean water after topdressing. ⒍ prevention of leaf miners: 2 days before transplanting, use 5% Regent EC 40 murine 42 ml, that is, 100ml per bottle, spray 240m2, two square meters of seedlings. ⒎ seedling raising: it is recommended to use a flat spade to raise seedlings from the isolation layer. The thickness of the seedling with soil should be 2 cm, never less than 2 cm, and the seedlings should not be planted overnight.