Causes and Preventive measures of abnormal Pleurotus ostreatus

1. The structure of the shed is unreasonable. The cultivation site of Pleurotus ostreatus is divided into indoor mushroom room and field mushroom shed. Often due to unreasonable design, resulting in poor air circulation, serious hypoxia, resulting in deformities of Pleurotus ostreatus. The ideal mushroom shed should sit north to south or west to east. The shed should not be too large, and the general rectangular shed should hold 3000 bags or 5000 bags per shed. The vents should be arranged below the long sides, bricked into the caliber of 24cm × 24cm, one vent should be opened every 1m, the vents on both sides of the transverse side should be equal and flat, the door film at both ends of the mushroom shed should be able to open and close, and the roof should be covered with no dripping film plus grass curtain or sunshade net. two。 The bacterial wall is not properly stacked. Bacteria bag into the shed wall is too high, too dense, between the wall filled with clayey soil, improper film cutting will lead to impermeability. In order to produce mushrooms at the right time and produce good mushrooms, the "five essentials" must be achieved: the ① time should be accurate: the bacterial bag will be transferred to bud acceleration when it is physiologically mature in the early and middle of December; the ② wall should be stable: the bacterial bag palletizing 6-7 layers is slightly tilted, the bottom width is 120cm, the upper width is 80cm, the wall length is 280cm, and the 60~80cm operation path is left between the bacterial walls; the ③ membrane should be cut moderately: cut the film to one end in the bacterial bag, and cut 23 steps. Leave 1.5~2cm uncut at the exposed end to protect mushrooms: ④ fill is better: clayey soil Gaza loam, mixed with 1% lime, 0.5% compound fertilizer to form nutrient soil; ⑤ holes: after filling soil 3cm at the top of the bacterial wall, use mud to form a deep water level around 10cm, and punch a hole with a wide 3cm width and a depth of 2 to 3 bags from the bottom of the bacterial wall every 40~50cm to facilitate ventilation and irrigation. 3. Congenital nutritional defects. Lack of nutrition in the formula, rancidity of the culture medium and evaporation of water in the bag are easy to cause deformed mushrooms. The bacterial bag is the medium for the growth and development of the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus, and the quality of the substrate is related to the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus. To produce high-quality mushrooms, we should do: ① raw materials fresh and non-mildew: ② formula is reasonable; ⑧ additives use lime powder and not more than 5%; ④ master the fermentation mechanism, add 0.3% starter during fermentation, fermentation time is 7 days, turn the pile 3 times and then transfer to bagging, sterilization, cooling and inoculation. 4. The due date is uncertain. Artificial bud induction of immature hyphae will lead to preterm birth deformities. The accumulative incubation time from the inoculation date reached 90 days. The color of the mycelium on the surface of the bag was thick and white, and the substrate was slightly elastic, which indicated that the hyphae had matured, and it was the best time to put the bag on the wall. 5. The technology of promoting buds is not in place. After physiological maturation, the mycelium needed 0: 13% low temperature stimulation for 10-15 days, and during this period, the temperature difference stimulation of more than 10 ℃ for 5-7 days was needed to make the primordium differentiate into mushroom buds. If the period of low temperature squatting is insufficient and the stimulation of temperature difference is not enough, the development of fruiting body will be inhibited and deformed. 6. No attention was paid to Shulei. The mushroom buds are too dense to sparse the buds, so that when the mushrooms are produced, the mushrooms are crowded with each other and deformed. Cut off the excess buds with a sharp knife, leaving 1 or 2 buds in each bag, no more than 3 at most. Choose the good to get rid of the bad, keep the strong to the weak, sparse and sparse. After bud thinning, the temperature is kept at 13: 18 ℃, not less than 8 ℃, no more than 20 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 85% 90%. 7. Poor management of the growing mushroom period. During the period of growing mushrooms, deformed mushrooms will also appear if the temperature, light and gas are not adjusted well. Therefore, the temperature, oxygen and light should be adjusted during the mushroom growing period.