Cultivation techniques of Edible Aloe

Section 1 Overview

Aloe is a perennial succulent herb of Liliaceae. Originated and mainly distributed in the African continent, Yuanjiang in Yunnan Province of China has wild resources.

The edible part of aloe is fleshy leaves with juicy juice, and the leaves are rich in nutrients. there are mainly a large number of B vitamins, cellulose, healing hormones, 11 kinds of free amino acids, 21 kinds of organic acids, molybdenum, zinc, germanium, boron and other 18 kinds of trace elements, physiological activities and enzyme substances such as chlorophyll and antioxidant enzymes, as well as fruit acid, polysaccharide, monosaccharide. And contains aloe tincture, aloe rice tincture, aloe Urxin and other antibacterial, anti-ulcer and other active ingredients, as a folk medicine has a history of 4000 years. In recent years, the use of aloe as a vegetable has become a craze. High-end dishes made of aloe in some countries, such as aloe salad, braised beef with aloe, fried tomato with cuttlefish and aloe, and aloe sandwiches have become popular in some famous restaurants. At present, the United States is the country with the largest number of cultivation and use of aloe vera, even in Hainan Island of China, there is an American aloe planting base, and enter the north and south markets of our country, the price is expensive.

Section II requirements for Environmental conditions

Aloe originates from the tropics and likes high temperature and dry environmental conditions.

1. Temperature

Aloe likes warmth and can withstand high temperature of 40 ℃. Aloe is not cold-tolerant and suffers frost injury when the temperature is 0 ℃. The ability of low temperature tolerance varies with different varieties, among which Aloe arborescens is more cold-tolerant.

two。 Moisture content

Aloe has strong resistance to drought and is afraid of stagnant water. it is easy to rot and die in wet soil, and it is easy to rot and die if the soil is watered too much.

3. Light

Aloe likes light, but too much exposure will make aloe in a semi-dormant state or stop growth, especially in the seedling stage exposure will make the leaves purple or dry wrinkle.

4. Soil

Aloe vera is not strict on the soil and resistant to barren, but in the barren soil and in the clayey soil, the root system is underdeveloped, the growth is slow, and the plant is small. It grows fast in the sandy soil with loose and fertile, good drainage and irrigation water and rich in organic matter, the leaves are thick, the color is thick and green, the yield is good, and the optimum pH value is 6-6.5.

5. Adaptability of varieties to environmental conditions

The soil with drought tolerance, dry heat tolerance and barren tolerance of Aloe vera has the strongest ability and the highest tillering rate. Aloe arborescens has the strongest cold resistance, and aloe vera has strong disease resistance.

Section 3 cultivation techniques

1. Preparation of seedlings

The main results are as follows: (1) seed propagation and seedling Aloe vera can blossom and blossom 2 ~ 5 years after planting, but it is not easy to obtain seeds by self-pollination. Artificial pollination is needed to obtain more seeds before the seedlings grow slowly. It takes about 3 years from seedling to adult plant, so seed reproduction is less used in production, and seeds are used to breed good new varieties.

Sowing time: protected cultivation, spring and autumn can be sown.

Sowing method: raise seedlings in seedling pot or seedling bed. The bed soil is filled with clean river sand, or fully mixed with vermiculite, peat and perlite, then loaded into a seedling basin or leveled on the seedling bed, watered thoroughly, sowed, sowed or sowed, and covered with plastic film after sowing.

Seedling management: from sowing to emergence, for example, when the temperature is 15: 30 ℃, about 30 days later, the mulch should be removed in time. The seedling basin or bed soil can not be watered or sprayed until it is dry again. When the seedling height is about 2 cm, spray 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, depending on the seedling growth, apply a small amount. Seedling bed seedlings need to be divided, the overdense plants are divided into another species, the seedlings are divided when the height of the seedlings is about 3cm to 5cm, or according to 6cm to 8cm square, the seedlings are dug up from the roots and divided into another pseudo-planting bed, according to the false value of 6cm by 8cm. When the seedling is about 10cm high and has six leaves and one heart, it can be transplanted in a small flowerpot or planted in a greenhouse.