The concept of disease-free and insect-free Lentinus edodes and its new cultivation techniques

1. The concept of substitute Lentinus edodes without disease and insect pests mainly includes three aspects: (a) no competition of miscellaneous bacteria in culture material, (B) no pest invasion and (C) no physiological disease. The specific technical requirements are as follows: a, the aseptic environment in the bag before inoculation or under normal temperature and oxygen-rich conditions, miscellaneous bacteria (such as yeast) are relatively weak. B, the aseptic state of seed block and inoculation process. C. The hyphae in the pathogen-producing process were in a relatively dominant state. D, there is no bacterial pest erosion or bacteria-carrying infection. E. The fruiting body develops without obstacles. In the case of conventional bacteria preparation, only index A can be achieved in a large amount of energy consumption (the culture medium is sterilized at 97m / 100 ℃ for 10m / h for 12 hours), because the plastic bag film causes obstacles in the following two aspects while isolating diseases and insects. 2. Problems in pest-free management: 1. Because the hyphae have to breathe, the concentration of O2 is insufficient and the concentration of CO2 is increased. At present, the domestic solution mainly depends on piercing and increasing oxygen. This method not only consumes a lot of manpower, but also provides convenience for insects, especially Diptera insects, to invade. In the case of improper management, aggravate the physiological diseases in the pathogenic process (see the occurrence and control of physiological diseases in Lentinus edodes). The second phase of Chinese Edible Fungi in 2000 is related to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the vegetative growth stage of edible fungi. 2. The obstacle of fruiting body development increases the proportion of malformation. In the mushroom production process, in order to increase the growth rate difference of the inner surface of the mushroom cover, the isolation effect of the barrel bag is generally used to create the humidity difference inside and outside the film to achieve the purpose of chapping into a pattern. In order to solve the obstacle of mushroom production caused by bag film, the method of cutting and inducing mushroom is generally used in our country. Poor control of cutting time often results in an increase in the proportion of abnormal mushrooms. Introduction of several new cultivation techniques 1. New sterilization technology in production, the current sterilization is atmospheric pressure (a few high pressure) high temperature sterilization. On the basis of energy consumption and time dissipation, this physical sterilization method has very strict requirements on heating equipment and heating process. With the progress of technology, a more convenient method of sterilization-chemical sterilization at room temperature is being developed. The medium temperature sterilization technology between the two is becoming more and more perfect, and the total amount of culture material used in production has exceeded 30,000 tons. The core technology of this sterilization method is to use the temperature of 60 ℃ to kill the bacteria that are not tolerant to high temperature (such as green mold, yeast, etc.), and to use selective chemicals and a certain temperature to kill the bacteria that can tolerate high temperature (such as Aspergillus flavus). The reason for the need for heating to moderate temperature (usually 60 ℃ 80 min) is that at this temperature, low-temperature bacteria (many of which are drug-resistant) have died, and at this temperature the activity of the fungicide increases while the drug resistance of the high-temperature strain weakens. As for room temperature sterilization, it is not easy to find acceptable contact points in terms of selective sterilization, drug cost and residues. It should be pointed out that chemical sterilization agents must have the characteristics of short residual period, strong selectivity and non-excessive residue. Through years of research and promotion, the medium-temperature sterilizer developed by Qingyuan County Scientific Research Center has been widely used in the field of production. 2. The application of the new breathable bag the joint of the new breathable bag and the new sealing technology of inoculation makes the culture of Lentinus edodes in a state of rich oxygen and free of miscellaneous bacteria. The core of this technology is to attach a breathable membrane to the membrane. The author tested that the use of this kind of bag can not only isolate diseases and insects, but also fully meet the oxygen demand of Lentinus edodes mycelium CO2 emission. Under 28 ℃, the bacteria transmission rate was increased by%, the head tide mushroom was advanced by about days, and the total yield was increased by%. It is difficult to determine how to recover the loss of diseases and insect pests because of the inconsistency between the environment and the level of conventional mushroom production, but in the case of large-scale production, the theoretical analysis is more than 10%. 3. The key point of this technology is to make a film on the mushroom stick with the following functions: 1, keeping moisture; 2, low tension to meet the natural emergence of mushrooms; 3, non-toxic side effects on human body and mushroom body; 4, low cost; 5, easy to operate. The utility model relates to a new type of water-retaining agent, which condenses a water-retaining film layer after brushing the unbagged bacteria stick, which can meet the above five requirements. The results showed that after using this technology, the abnormal mushroom was greatly reduced, the commercial value of Lentinus edodes was greatly increased, and the surface green mold was effectively suppressed. Qingyuan County Scientific Research Center has made unremitting efforts on this project, there have been failed training and successful examples, the wide application of Dangdang technology in the production of flower mushrooms is not far away.