How to improve the efficiency of mushroom cultivation

In recent years, the price of raw and auxiliary materials for Lentinus edodes production has risen, and the price of Lentinus edodes products has declined year by year, resulting in poor efficiency for farmers to grow Lentinus edodes. According to the investigation and analysis, each bag of mushrooms produces 700mur800 grams, which has reached the level of high yield. Due to the over-concentration of the production season, the market fluctuates greatly, the low price is less than 2 yuan per kilogram, excluding the cost of 1.5 yuan per bag, there is only 0.5 yuan left, including labor value, the actual profit is very little. The purpose of growing mushrooms for farmers is to obtain due benefits, and no profit is bound to dampen the enthusiasm of production. Today, with the in-depth development of the market economy, in order to improve the efficiency of growing mushrooms, we must comply with the market, use ingenious means and take scientific measures in order to avoid risks and achieve the goal of high yield and high efficiency. The following provides a feasible way for reference in production: enter the market in reverse, outsmart the benefit of seasonal price difference > Lentinus edodes production is mostly planted in autumn, producing mushrooms in autumn, winter and spring. At this time, with the mushroom production period of Japan and South Korea, a large number of mushroom products entered the international market, and the products were in a state of saturation, resulting in a drop in prices. However, due to the high temperature in summer and the shortage of shiitake mushrooms, the price has generally risen by 10% to 20%. In particular, the purchase price per kilogram of fresh mushrooms is 8 yuan per kilogram, and when it is high, it is more than 10 yuan, which is twice the value of the routine. Therefore, it can be arranged to account for 20% of the total production, carry out out-of-season cultivation, and the products enter the market in reverse. Where the natural temperature is suitable for out-of-season cultivation conditions, the production base can be established, and the program-controlled micro-spraying equipment can be used to improve the temperature and humidity of the mushroom shed environment, increase the yield and obtain better benefits. Intensive cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, skillfully obtain grade benefit > change the conventional cultivation method of laying bags in open field to cultivate common commercial mushroom, adopt multi-shelf in high shed and intensive three-dimensional cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The price of dried Pleurotus ostreatus in normal years is 45ml 60 yuan per kilogram, which is 68ml 95% higher than that of ordinary commercial dried mushrooms, and the value of high-quality Gastrodia elata is 2 times higher than that of ordinary mushrooms. The same raw materials, the same site, but the cultivation and management methods are different, the product price difference is doubled, and the land is saved by 60%, which is a means to improve the grade, value and efficiency. The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus should popularize the new technology of double bagging, lined with special thin plastic bags, self-breaking of top membrane of mushroom buds, no film cutting process, product hygiene and no damage. this is a new technology which is beneficial to save labor and improve the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus. Combination cultivation, striving for comprehensive benefit > popularizing mushroom-grain interplanting, such as planting Lentinus edodes in northeast corn field, double harvest of grain and mushroom, interplanting of forest and fruit, cultivation under grape frame, and Tengben medicinal material Trichosanthes planted around the mushroom shed in Qingyuan, Zhejiang, all obtained ideal economic benefits. Lentinus edodes and Ganoderma lucidum are cultivated alternately. In the north, Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes are planted in greenhouse in autumn and winter, and water temperature and air regulators are installed from June to September in summer to cultivate Lentinus edodes. Through combined cultivation, the role of mushroom field and space can be brought into full play to improve the comprehensive benefit. "advocating nature and yearning for green" has become a new trend of modern consumption. However, the existing green food has less than 5% of the market share, and the price of "green standard" goods is more than twice as high as that of ordinary products. Lentinus edodes is originally a green food, but the existing production process has not yet met the requirements of green food standards. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out standardized operation in the whole process of raw material selection, culture medium production, inoculation culture, mushroom production management, harvesting and processing in accordance with the requirements of pollution-free, green and organic food, and carry out technical monitoring in the whole process to improve product safety. Make Lentinus edodes products successfully cross the "three thresholds" set by the international market (pesticide residues, heavy metal content, pathogenic microorganisms). The main producing areas should start from this aspect, actively create conditions, realize green products, and strive for better economic benefits. Strict control to reduce consumption, improve management efficiency > one of the reasons for the increase of existing cost is that the rate of finished products of bacterial bags is not high. In some producing areas, from inoculation to unbagging, the rate of finished product is less than 85%, which increases the cost by 15%; on the other hand, the structure of sterilization stove is unreasonable and fuel is wasted. To improve the rate of finished products of bacterial bags, we should mainly do a good job of the "four passes". First of all, raw materials are required to be fresh and non-mildew, trees should be cut down in winter with good nutrients, emphasizing processing after drying, and the water content of ingredients exceeds the standard. Second, material bag sterilization: promote energy-saving and efficient sterilization stoves, which is beneficial to save fuel and improve the effect of sterilization. Third, vaccination: strict aseptic operation to prevent "disease from entering the mouth". Fourth, the cultivation of bacteria: the culture room is required to achieve thorough detoxification, dryness, light protection, suitable temperature, ventilation, timely inspection and treatment of contaminated bags. Serious processing and classification, increase product grade benefit > product processing technology is good or bad, directly related to product quality, price and benefit. Mechanical dehydration and drying should be carried out in an all-round way and processed in accordance with the operating rules, the products are required to be "four none" (no scorched mushroom body, no damage, no dryness, no sulfur in quality) and "three standards" (sensory standard, physical and chemical standard, hygienic standard). Popularize the use of mechanical classification screening machine to standardize the product grade and improve the grade benefit. In addition, qualified base villages and professional cooperatives can be directly linked to exporters and supermarkets, implement order supply, reduce intermediate circulation links, and strive for direct sales benefits.