How to raise cyclamen potted plants? Breeding methods and key points of management and maintenance of cyclamen

Cyclamen alias radish begonia, rabbit ear flower, rabbit flower, a crown, bonspark, petal lotus, is Primulaceae, cyclamen perennial herbs, is a widely planted flowers, suitable for planting in indoor flowerpots, winter needs to be planted in a greenhouse, the following editor will introduce the breeding methods of cyclamen!

Growth habits of cyclamen

Cyclamen is warm and afraid of heat and grows best in a cool environment and in a fertile sandy loam rich in humus. More cold-resistant, can withstand 0 ℃ of low temperature will not be frozen.

The growth season is from autumn to spring in the second year, and it is semi-dormant in summer, and the suitable growth temperature in winter is between 12 ℃ and 16 ℃. When promoting flowering, it should not exceed 18 ℃ 22 Mel, plants above 0 ℃ will enter dormancy, plants above 35 ℃ will rot and die, and can tolerate low temperature in winter, but the growth is slow, the flower color is dim and the flowering is few when it is less than 5 ℃.

Carbon dioxide supplementation in winter can promote growth and flowering. During the growing period, an environment with moist air and plenty of sunshine is required.

The breeding method of cyclamen

The main reproduction methods of cyclamen are sowing propagation, tuber division propagation and tissue culture propagation. Let's take a look at cyclamen reproduction methods.

1. Sowing and reproduction

Sowing and reproduction is one of the common methods of cyclamen reproduction. Cyclamen seeds can only be obtained after artificial pollination. The seeds generally mature in May and should be harvested in time. Cyclamen seeds are larger, with a 1000-seed weight of about 10g, and a general germination rate of 85% Murray 95%. In order to promote seed germination, seeds can be soaked before sowing. Soak the seeds in cold water for 24 hours or 30 ℃ in warm water for 3 hours, then wash the adhesion on the seed surface, wrap it in a wet cloth to accelerate germination, keep the temperature 25 ℃ for 2 days, and sow the seeds after a little germination. The sowing time is generally from September to October, and you can sow seeds in ordinary flowerpots.

The sown soil had better be a sandy loam rich in humus and sifted before use. When sowing, first put the soil in the basin and sprinkle it thoroughly with a spray pot. After the water has completely seeped, sow the seeds in the basin at a distance of 1--1.5cm. After sowing, cover the soil with 0.5cm, cover with glass or plastic film to moisturize, and place it in the half-shade of 20 Mustok and 22 ℃. When the basin soil is slightly dry, the basin soil is soaked with water, so that the basin soil is often moist, and seedlings can emerge in about 20 days under normal circumstances. When the leaves of the seedlings are fully expanded, the seedlings can be transferred for the first time. Ordinary flowerpot and sowing soil can still be used when transplanting seedlings, and the distance between seedlings should be about 3cm. Spray pot should be used to water thoroughly immediately after transplanting. Always keep the seedling basin moist in the future.

When the seedlings grow into 3 leaves and the bulbs grow to the diameter of 5--6mm, they should be planted in pots in time. It can be transplanted directly with a small pot plant of 9cm caliber.

After sieving, the basin soil was mixed and prepared according to 20% rotten leaf soil, 20% garden soil, 50% fine yellow sand and 10% rotten dung. When transplanting, take a small soil ball as far as possible, and make it flat with the soil surface, sprinkle water after transplanting and put it in the indoor sunshine. After the seedlings resume their growth, they should be watered and fertilized in time. It usually blossoms in the winter of the second year.

2. Propagation of segmented tubers

Cyclamen tubers can not divide bulbs naturally, so they can not propagate bulbs like ordinary bulbs, but need to be artificially cut into pieces to propagate. Generally speaking, when the tuber is about to germinate in late August, the tuber is divided longitudinally from the top into several pieces, each with a bud eye, and the incision is coated with plant ash and dried slightly, then it can be planted in the flowerpot, carefully managed, and the leaves can spread out and blossom soon.

3. Tissue culture and propagation.

Cyclamen tissue culture can use stamens, tubers, leaves and young stems as explants, which are generally collected from one-year-old and two-year-old young plants, in which tubers are the most likely to induce seedlings. Using tuber as explant, we can choose MS medium, MS+3mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L NAA as induction medium, 1/2MS+0.3mg/L NAA as rooting medium and MS+3mg/L 6-BA+0.4mg/L NAA as subculture medium.

The culture method of cyclamen

Cyclamen dormant bulbs generally begin to sprout from the end of August to the middle of September, so the basin soil should be changed in time. The proportion of cultivated soil was 30% rotten leaf soil, 40% fine yellow sand, 20% garden soil and 10% rotten dry manure. When changing the basin, the bulb only takes part of the persistent soil, and the planting should not be too deep. Generally, it is advisable to expose the soil surface at the top of the bulb. After the first planting, the potted soil should not be too wet. If there is a little moisture, you can gradually increase watering and give sufficient sunshine according to the germination of the plant. After the leaves grow out, the basin soil should always be kept moist. At the same time, the mature fresh liquid fertilizer was applied once a week until the fertilizer was stopped before flowering. When fertilizing and watering, avoid flooding the bulb, otherwise the terminal bud is easy to rot. After each fertilization, rinse with clean water for once.

Cyclamen adult bulbs generally bloom in early December and reach full bloom in February and March of the second year. In order to prolong the flowering period, it can be placed in a place with lower temperature after flowering. Since then, with the increase of external temperature, flowering will gradually decrease in May, but the varieties that bloom later can still bloom in June. Because the northern region is cooler in summer, as long as ventilation, shading and other conditions are given, some varieties can also blossom in summer. However, most of them began to defoliate after June, and watering should be gradually reduced to keep the basin soil slightly dry.

Dormancy begins in July. During dormancy, the room must be well ventilated, keep a cool environment, the temperature should not exceed 30 ℃ at most, and water less, especially to avoid rain.

The flowering of cyclamen bulb will be delayed year by year, but the number of flowers is more, and the maximum number of flowers at a time is more than 50. After 4 years of flowering, the old corm will gradually aging, the number of flowering will be greatly reduced, lose the cultivation value, the corm is also easy to rot, should be renewed in time.

Management and maintenance of cyclamen

During cultivation, the soil should be loose, and two parts of rotten leaf soil, one part of garden soil and a small amount of calcium superphosphate can be used. You can also use sun-dried or broken river mud, or a mixture of 2 parts of peat and 1 part of perlite. The cultivated soil needs to be fumigated. When changing pots, depending on the size of the plant, gradually increase the flowerpot, should not directly use large pots to cultivate small seedlings. It should be planted shallowly when planting. When the big seedlings are potting and changing pots, they should make the ball live on the soil surface so as to prevent the ball from getting wet and rotten in the soil. Avoid applying thick fertilizer, thick fertilizer can easily hurt the root, topdressing can be about 3 times a month, loosen the soil before fertilization, choose clear days to apply fertilizer, fertilizer should not be applied from the top of the plant, should be applied side by side, spray water after fertilization, the maintenance and management of cyclamen can be divided into five stages:

1. Seedling stage: the first leaf is long, and when the real leaf appears, it should be transplanted. When the seedling has 4 leaves, it can be planted in a flowerpot with a diameter of 10cm. Later, as the plant grows, the larger flowerpot will be replaced, and the time to change the pot should not exceed June at the latest. If the seedling is small, you can let it stay in a small flowerpot for the summer. Seedlings need sunshade. In hot weather, we should often loosen soil, weed, water and fertilize.

2. Summer seedling preservation stage: the summer temperature is high, which is not conducive to cyclamen growth. The application of cooling equipment to reduce the environmental temperature can make it safe to spend the summer. In order to avoid high temperature, two-layer shading net can be used to shade the sun, control watering and stop fertilization.

3. The stage of flowering in the first year: the growth can be restored after autumn, which can gradually increase the amount of water and apply thin fertilizer. Put it in a sunny place in mid-October. The greenhouse air should be moist. Fertilize 2m / m / m 3 times per month. Fertilization is generally not required from mid-December to early February, but it can not be stopped in a higher temperature environment. It usually begins to bloom in November.

4. Summer bulb dormant stage: after May, the leaves gradually yellowed, should gradually stop watering, make it dormant. After the leaves have withered, they should be placed in a low temperature and ventilated environment to make the bulbs safe to spend the summer. The basin is usually placed in a cool and sheltered place.

5. The flowering stage of the second year: after the hot summer, water slightly to make the bulbs sprout again. After sprouting, change the pot with the newly cultivated soil to get rid of the rotten root system. Keep it in the greenhouse and blossom in about 12 months. After flowering, it entered the summer bulb dormancy period. Newly propagated seedlings usually begin to bloom in November. If the temperature is kept at 15 ℃-20 ℃ at the budding stage, spraying gibberellin of 100mg/L on the buds and pedicels can promote pedicel elongation and accelerate flowering.

Pest control of cyclamen

The main diseases and insect pests of cyclamen are root knot nematode disease, gray mold, virus disease, cotton aphid, peach aphid and so on. Let's take a look at the prevention and control methods of these diseases and insect pests.

1. Root knot nematode disease

① selected gram line phosphorus, dichloroisopropyl ether, C line phosphorus (Yishuobao), benzophos (limanku), Mianlong (must be quick to kill) and other granules for soil treatment.

② immersed the infected seed balls in 50 ℃ water for 10 minutes to kill nematodes.

2. Grey mold

When planting ①, fungicides such as thiram and dimethazone were used to disinfect the soil or replace it with new soil to prevent the spread of diseases.

② should strengthen indoor ventilation, properly reduce humidity, watering should not be too much, and should not be directly watered to the leaf, in maintenance and management to avoid causing wounds, in order to prevent the invasion of bacteria.

③ can remove diseased plants and leaves in time and reduce the source of bacteria.

Before the onset of ④, protective fungicides were sprayed, such as Lvdebao 600 Mel 800 times, 75% Chlorothalonil 800 Mel 1000 times, and therapeutic fungicides, such as 70% methyl thiophanate 800 Mel 1000 times, 50% carbendazim 500 Mel 800 times, and so on.

3. Virus disease

① inhibited seed poisoning: 75% alcohol treated 15min for 1 min, then treated with 10% trisodium phosphate, rinsed the seed surface with distilled water, cooled naturally in 35 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, and sowed in sterilized soil. Seed detoxification: when the seeds were put in 40% polyethylene glycol solution and treated at 38.5 ℃ for 48 h, the seed detoxification rate could reach 77.7%.

② uses tissue culture seedlings with corms, leaf tips and petioles as explants to reduce the virus-carrying rate.

③ planting soil should be disinfected or use sterilized vermiculite, perlite, sand and so on.

4. Root rot

Root rot is a seedling disease, root water stains, softening and decay, wilting and dying of diseased seedlings, prevention and control measures:

① soaked the seeds in 0.1% copper sulfate solution for half an hour for disinfection.

Before sowing, ② sprayed potassium permanganate 1800Mel 2000 times solution to disinfect the soil.

③ strengthens the ventilation, controls the humidity, properly releases the air to cultivate the seedlings, and enhances the resistance.

In the early stage of ④ cripple disease, 72.2% Pulicol water agent, 50% Likujing and 40% Gen Fu Ning 1000 times solution can be sprayed or irrigated.

5. Bacterial soft rot

The leaves produce waterlogged disease spots, and then soft rot, overflow of white bacteria, plant wilting and death, prevention and control measures:

① removed the diseased leaves and pulled out the diseased plants.

② control watering, pay attention to ventilation.

③ is sprayed with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 Murray 2000 times.

6. Anthrax

Anthracnose harms leaves and pedicels, brown round spots appear in the initial stage, black spots appear in the later stage, and red sticky masses overflow when wet, prevention and control measures:

① cut off the diseased leaves in time.

② enhances ventilation and light transmission and reduces humidity.

③ can be prevented and treated with 80% anthrax Fumei and 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800ml 1000 times.

7. Ground fly

Ground fly larvae harm young stems and roots, and when serious seedlings die, the control can be controlled by 3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin EC, and the effect of spraying on the ground around the plant is better.

8. Mites

Mite pests mainly harm bulbs, leaves and flowers, making buds rotten and leaves green and distorted. Control measures:

① removes weeds and reduces insect population.

② was sprayed with 73% carotene EC 2000 times. When the population density was high, it was sprayed for 4 times, each time at an interval of 10 days.

9. Thrips

Thrips are mainly harmful to young leaves and flowers, with spots and markings, tender buds, new leaves and flowers withering, leaves twisted and yellow, control measures:

① hangs blue armyworm board.

② was sprayed with 50% phoxim EC 1000 times or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 Mel 2500 times.

10. Aphids

Aphids mainly harm young leaves and buds, form galls, induce coal fouling disease, spread virus, and control measures:

① stocking ladybugs, lacewings and other natural enemies.

② set up armyworm board to trap or cover with plastic film to avoid aphids.

③ was sprayed alternately with 50% aphid-repellent wettable powder 2000 times and 10% imidacloprid 1500 times.

11. Tide worm

Tide insects nibble on leaves, roots and stems, resulting in leaf and stem engraving and ulceration, control measures:

① removes weeds and sprinkles quicklime powder.

② sprays the ground and grass curtain with 50% carbaryl wettable powder or 2.5% deltamethrin 2000 times to induce insect poisoning.

12. Slugs

Slugs scrape leaves until the plant dies. Control measures:

① applied rotten organic manure.

② high border cultivation, covering plastic film, breaking film to lift seedlings to reduce harm.

Soak the withered powder of ③ Camellia oleifera with water at 1:10 for 24 hours, then dilute the water for 20 times and drench the seedling bed or spray.

④ sprinkled quicklime powder around the killed plant.

In the evening, ⑤ applied 2% snail bait to kill the field.

13. Scale insects

Shell insects mainly harm the leaves and flowers of cyclamen. Control measures:

The infected plants were cleared by ① in time.

② was sprayed with 10% imidacloprid EC 1000 times or 25% Fen Jieling 1500 times.

How to raise cyclamen and its breeding methods and matters needing attention

Cyclamen flowers bright color, pleasant aroma, made of potted plants placed indoors is particularly beautiful, but this beautiful cyclamen should be how to raise? The breeding method of cyclamen is not complicated, but there are some places that need to pay special attention to in the process of breeding.

The culture method of cyclamen

1. Soil and flowerpot

When raising cyclamen, we must choose a suitable culture soil, preferably with three parts of humus soil, two parts of rotten leaf soil, two parts of furnace ash and two parts of river sand, and an appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate should be added in the middle. If this picture is matched again, it must be dealt with and strictly sterilized in the future, and the size of the flowerpot should match the bulb size of cyclamen, so there can be no case of planting small seedlings on a large plate.

2. Culture environment

Cyclamen this kind of plant has certain requirements on the growth environment when it is cultivated. It likes to grow in a warm environment of about 20 degrees. If the environmental temperature is too low, it will affect cyclamen blossom normally. In addition, the cultivation of cyclamen should ensure adequate light, usually it can not receive less than five hours of light a day, but it must be shaded in summer, otherwise it will affect the florescence and make its leaves yellow.

Matters needing attention in culture

1. Timely fertilization

At ordinary times, when raising cyclamen, we must pay attention to timely fertilization, because it is a kind of fertilizer-loving plant, but does not like thick fertilizer. Usually, in addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer in the basin soil, but also topdressing every half a month, fertilizer can choose organic liquid fertilizer, fertilizer application should be diluted with water, and it should be watered in time after application.

2. Pay attention to diseases and insect pests

When raising cyclamen, we should also pay attention to diseases and insect pests. Aphids and leaf rollers are high incidence diseases of cyclamen, which can be prevented by temperature regulation and humidity regulation, but they need to be sprayed in time after the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, otherwise pests are difficult to eradicate and will directly affect the growth of cyclamen.

How to raise cyclamen and its breeding methods and matters needing attention

Cyclamen is a very beautiful potted flower. I believe many friends who like flowers still know what cyclamen is, but those who raise cyclamen for the first time must want to know how to raise cyclamen. It is very important to know the breeding methods and matters needing attention of cyclamen in advance, so let the editor of Hua Yu net answer how to raise cyclamen for you.

The culture method of cyclamen

1. Cultivation requirements:

(1) Basin soil: the substrate needs slightly acidic soil with loose air permeability and good drainage, and the mixed substrate of peat and perlite is commonly used in cultivation. It can also be cultivated with rotten leaf soil and slag ash. The substrate must be disinfected and sterilized during cultivation to prevent quenching, root rot and so on. Cyclamen likes water and avoids dampness, and the basin soil needs to be kept moist, but it is necessary to strictly prevent stagnant water or waterlogging, otherwise once the roots rot, the whole plant will die quickly.

(2), moisture: moisture is very important in cyclamen's culture method, because cyclamen is fleshy, so it is not resistant to drought, if the water supply is not timely, the leaves will soon yellowing and wilting, even after supplementary watering, there will be a lot of leaves turn yellow and need to be pruned, seriously affecting the beauty and growth of the whole plant.

(3) Illumination: cyclamen likes a sunny, moist and cool environment, but is afraid of waterlogging, so cyclamen must be cultured in a sunny place.

(4) temperature: cyclamen prefers a warm environment and is not resistant to high temperature and cold. The maximum temperature should not exceed 30 ℃, otherwise it will enter a dormant state and the high temperature of about 35 ℃ is prone to decay and necrosis. It is best to keep it between 10-20 ℃ in winter. When it is lower than 5 ℃, the growth is inhibited, the leaves curl, the flowers bloom poorly, and the color is dim. In summer, it should be placed in a moist and ventilated place, and the basin soil should be kept in a certain dry state to make it fully dormant over summer.

(5) Environment: the growth environment is also a very important part of how cyclamen is raised. Cyclamen likes a humid environment and is not resistant to dryness. It needs to be kept between 60-70% humidity during the growth period, which can make the leaves dark green and shiny. In winter, it can not be placed in the position where heating and air conditioning can be contacted directly to prevent wilting and withering due to air drying. Avoid flowers when spraying water to prevent flowers from withering ahead of time. The water temperature should be close to room temperature.

(6)Fertilization: Cyclamen growth and development period every ten days fertilization 1 time, and gradually see more sunlight, do not make petiole growth too long, affect the appearance. When the pedicel is out to bud, apply bone meal or calcium superphosphate once more. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, flowers can bloom around New Year's Day. Nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped at flowering stage, and watering should be controlled. Especially in rainy and snowy days, water should not be poured on flower buds and tender leaves, otherwise it will be easy to rot and affect normal flowering. Apply bone meal once after flowering to facilitate fruit development and seed maturity. Cyclamen can be used 20-20-20 universal fertilizer in the early growth stage, that is, nitrogen content (N)20%, phosphorus content (P205)20%, potassium content (K20)20%. Flower pot available fertilizer 15-15-20 water-soluble efficient nutrient solution.

2. Management of germination period:

Cyclamen, germination period requires good permeability of peat and perlite mixed according to a certain proportion, its pH value of 6 to 6.5, EC value less than 0.5, moderate humidity, avoid excessive humidity. The temperature is about 18 ° C, and the germination period (about 21 days) does not require light and is completely dark. Seed germination requires air humidity of 95%(preferably with germination chamber), and the tray is covered with plastic film. After sowing, cover the seeds with vermiculite or pearlite to a thickness just enough to cover the seeds.

3. Post-germination management:

So, how to raise cyclamen after germination? Cyclamen germination after the best management of humidity control at about 85%, if necessary, spray to improve relative humidity. When the outside light intensity exceeds 35 Klux, it is recommended to use a sunshade net or cover the seed tray with a nonwoven fabric to keep the seeds moist. According to the growth of seedlings, fertilization was applied from the fifth week after sowing, and the ratio of N∶P∶K was 1∶1∶1. Seedling leaves should be shiny, if dark red, it needs fertilization. When watering, be sure to pay attention to the water temperature greater than 14℃, watering from the upper part.

4, pest control:

In cyclamen farming methods, we must understand that cyclamen has more diseases than pests, which are common in home care:

① Grey mold. The main symptom is that there are small spots with a diameter of 1-2 mm in the disease, which gradually expand and become brown and rotten. When petiole or flower stalk is infected, leaves or flowers are folded upside down, gray mold layer is formed at the infected place, and then it becomes yellow mold layer. The cause of disease is high humidity and poor ventilation. The first is to ventilate in time to reduce air humidity; the second is to remove diseased leaves in time to reduce infectious sources; and the third is to spray broad-spectrum fungicides such as zinc and carbendazim.

Soft rot. More by bacterial infection caused by the disease site presented softening rot, occurred in more parts of the corm. It is mainly due to incomplete or no disinfection of the matrix, which is easy to occur under high temperature or high humidity conditions. Control methods can be sprayed agricultural streptomycin or carbendazim, etc.

Look at the introduction of playing Xiaobian, everyone should know how to raise cyclamen, let's take a look at the precautions for breeding cyclamen!

Notes on cultivating cyclamen

1. Maintenance during dormant period

When the temperature exceeds 28℃ in summer, the seed ball of cyclamen will begin to dormancy. Safe summer is also the difficulty in the cultivation method and precautions of cyclamen. Healthy seedlings are the best way to survive the summer. Sowing annual seedlings, vigorous growth, summer dormancy tendency is relatively weak, during the summer to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, the formation of strong seedlings, so that leaves hypertrophy, leaves, color thick luster. Such seedlings have strong heat resistance, and at the same time, they should do a good job of cooling, cover the sunshade net, increase its ventilation, and spray water around the plant.

2, water to the right amount

Cyclamen bought, the most important thing is watering, cyclamen can not be watered too much, so we do not cyclamen a large number of watering, first put on the windowsill slow, and then observe the soil, if the soil is dry, we can water, here to instruct flower friends, cyclamen watering can not be showered, to water from the bottom of the leaves, leaves or flower stems if showered with water easy to rot.

3. Treatment of withered flower stems

Cyclamen we in the maintenance of time, there will be some flowers wither first, flower stems we can get rid of, with the hand twist left and right to get rid of.