Seedling raising methods and key points of maintenance and management of sweet-scented osmanthus seedlings

5. Loosening soil and weeding: ploughing once in combination with fertilization in spring and autumn to improve soil structure. The ability of cold resistance can be enhanced by building a base once before overwintering and painting the trunk white once. Weeding 2mi 3 times a year to prevent weeds from competing with seedlings for water, fertilizer and light.

6. control of diseases and insect pests: sweet-scented osmanthus has few diseases and insect pests, such as anthracnose, leaf spot, red spider and oyster shield scale, which can be controlled by Bordeaux, stone-sulfur mixture, bacillus, methyl topiramate, dichlorvos, triclofenac and so on.

Key points of transplanting Osmanthus fragrans trees

1. Transplanting time: from mid-January to early February. At this time, the trees are in a dormant state, and soon after transplantation, the vitality becomes stronger and it is easy to survive. Avoid transplanting in summer.

2. Pruning: it can reduce the nutrient consumption and water transpiration in the tree. The amount of pruning is determined by the age and growth potential of the tree. A hundred-year-old tree should leave few or no branches because of its weak growth. Those with strong growth and those who are young can leave more branches. When cutting, it is necessary to remove disease and insect branches, growing branches and cross branches. After that, smear the wound with Vaseline or Bordeaux solution to avoid disease and insect damage and Rain Water erosion.

3. Root cutting: in order to improve the transplanting survival rate of sweet-scented osmanthus trees, the roots of 1 ~ 2 years before transplanting were cut off respectively, and the distance from the stump to the stump was 3 times the diameter of the stump. Then 50/1000000 to 100 GGR6 solution or 0.1% indole acetic acid solution was smeared on the cut root, and the soil was watered to let it grow new roots.

4. Pile: the size of the soil ball is determined by excavation, which is generally 6 times the diameter of the stump. If the ground diameter is too thick, it should not be less than 3. While digging, tie the earth ball with a wet straw curtain and straw rope to prevent it from getting loose. The big root of the tree is sawed off with a saw, and the steel mouth is coated with rooting powder such as GGR6. After digging, wrap it with a wet straw curtain and straw rope, and tie the grass rope to the tree trunk 2.5 meters high.

5. Transport: it should be loaded and unloaded lightly during transportation. When loading, the trees should be fixed and separated by buffers to prevent the trees from colliding, so as not to hurt the skin and hit the soil balls. Pay attention to moisturizing on the way.

6. Planting: in the first month of planting, dig the planting hole first, the size of the hole is 1.5 times that of the soil ball, then fill the hole with mycorrhizal soil, and block the mature farm manure 5 kg 10 kg, available phosphate fertilizer 2 kg, irrigation spare. When planting, use a crane to gently put the tree into the planting hole, cut the packaging grass curtain and rope with scissors, and then backfill the stable soil, step on it and water it thoroughly.

7. Management and protection

① fixed frame: set up a tripod around the trunk of the tree to prevent the tree from shaking due to the collision between people and animals and the strong wind.

② shade canopy: after April, the shade canopy will be erected on three sides of the tree (except the northwest) to prevent direct sunlight and reduce water transpiration. The cool weather can be removed in October.

③ watering: the roots of the newly planted trees are damaged and the water absorption is weak, so the amount of water should not be too much, so as to avoid mildew and rot of the roots. But not too little, otherwise the tree will lose water and die.

④ infusion: infusion can meet the water and nutrient needs of the appendage, and can greatly improve the survival rate of transplanting. Infusion is usually carried out from April to September. Before transfusion, use a woodworking drill at the base of the tree to drill 3mi 5 infusion holes at a 45-degree angle from top to bottom, deep to the pith. The solution was then prepared with 0.1g of water-soluble human ABT6 rooting powder and 0.5g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per liter. Hang the bottle containing the liquid in a high place, insert the trunk syringe into the infusion hole, turn on the infusion switch, and the liquid can be injected into the tree. After the infusion, pull out the needle and plug the infusion hole with cotton balls. When the next infusion is needed, the cotton ball can be clipped out and the infusion can be carried out. The frequency and interval of infusion are determined according to the degree of drought, temperature and plant water requirement. After the plant is completely out of danger, seal the infusion hole with Bordeaux liquid.

Key points of maintenance and management of flowers overwintering

Key points of maintenance and management of flowers and plants overwintering 1, cold protection in a simple plastic greenhouse with a temperature of not less than 0 ℃, you can put the following ornamental plants without freezing injury, such as Penglai pine, Tianmeng, one-leaf orchid, star anise plate, rhododendron leaf coral, sunflower, kidney fern, palm bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, Michelia, firethorn, camellia, cymbidium, cymbidium, Phoenix tail bamboo, phenanthrene, cycad and so on. Ornamental plant species with an overwintering temperature of not less than 5 ℃, such as southern fir, goose palm wood, rubber tree, jasmine, brandy, pearl orchid, pocket coconut, calla lily, spring feather, tortoise back bamboo, Jianlan, Mulan, Belgian rhododendron, triangular flower, cyclamen, primrose, five-colored plum, kumquat, daidai, lemon, loose-tailed anemone, geranium, mulberry, Buddha belly bamboo, etc., can overwinter in a double-layer plastic greenhouse. For the species requiring a winter temperature of not less than 10 ℃, such as variable leaf wood, taro, pepper grass, bamboo taro, rich bamboo, fishtail sunflower, Brazilian iron, rich tree, reticulate grass, pineapple, pink leaf, poinsettia, Cymbidium, Longtuzhu, golden bract, Milan, Phalaenopsis, Cartland, Magnolia, South American iron tree, red (green) gemstone, Oncidium, tiger orchid, etc., in a double-layer greenhouse with good sealing performance. It is also necessary to heat it up properly. in the particularly cold period, from 4: 00 p.m. to 9: 00 the next day, put a grass curtain on the roof of the greenhouse, and then remove it until the temperature gets warmer. For those more hardy potted and bonsai plant species, such as wax plum, plum blossom, begonia, Yingshanhong, pomegranate, hammer elm, sparrow plum, oak, crape myrtle, wisteria, yellow poplar, Luohansong, triangular maple, Cuibai, garden cypress, red cypress, bayberry, Chinese wolfberry, white wax, etc., generally will not be frozen when not less than-10 ℃; in particularly cold weather, cover with plastic film or soft grass to prevent cold.

Whether it is put in the greenhouse, greenhouse, or placed in the bedroom bonsai, potted flowers and foliage, fruit plants, in addition to maintaining the appropriate indoor temperature, but also pay attention to ventilation, can be in the highest temperature of the day around noon to open doors and windows to give ventilation, to prevent the occurrence of fallen leaves, flowers and fruits. In the ventilation, we must also pay attention not to let the cold air directly attack the plant, so as to avoid adverse reactions.

2. Watering most of the potted flowers and bonsai in the greenhouse and in the bedroom to keep the soil moist. If the temperature is too low and too much watering, it is easy to cause rotting roots of the plant. When the temperature rises, the amount of water can be increased and proper foliar spray can be given. For those potted flowers that blossom before and after the Spring Festival, such as camellia, tea plum, Belgian rhododendron, plum blossom, wax plum, melon chrysanthemum, primrose, longevity flower, hyacinth, European daffodil, etc., ornamental fruits such as daidai, lemon, bergamot, tangerine, golden bean, winter coral, rich seeds, Phyllostachys pubescens, etc., should not only keep the potted soil moist, but also spray the leaves to facilitate the expansion of flower buds. It can also increase the freshness of flowers and fruits. For most foliage plants in the shelving room, we should not only keep the basin soil moist, but also spray water on the foliage surface, and always keep the foliage surface clean; for those foliage plant species that are not very cold-resistant, such as Fendai leaf, fruit taro, bamboo taro, leaf-changing wood, silver queen, etc., when the room temperature is close to the minimum temperature they can bear, special attention should be paid to controlling the amount of water to ensure that they can survive the winter safely. The watering time in December should be 3 to 4 hours before and after noon, and the water temperature should be basically consistent with the air temperature and soil temperature, so as to avoid adverse reactions caused by low water temperature.

Newly transplanted flowers and trees outdoors should be checked frequently and replenished in time; for transplanted evergreen trees, foliar spray can be given around noon to prevent leaves from drying and falling off.

3. Fertilization should be stopped for most of the potted flowers and trees, foliage plants and bonsai in the general greenhouse, otherwise it is easy to cause the plant to rot and die.

Most of the green trees and flowers planted on the ground Such as Begonia, Magnolia, Magnolia, Magnol Cryptomeria fortunei, cedar, cypress, Robinia pseudoacacia, elm leaf plum, Yu Li, white silk plum, heather, bauhinia, hibiscus, etc. While ploughing the garden field in December, fertilizers such as cake fertilizer, pig and cow manure, pond mud and septic tank residue can be applied to the periphery of the plant root system, so as to lay a good material foundation for next year's growth and flowering. For potted flower species placed in the room from 10 ℃ to 15 ℃, such as camellia, tea plum, rhododendron, plum blossom, wax plum, golden bract, shrimp flower, pineapple, Ruixiang, melon leaf chrysanthemum, primrose, cyclamen, pedicel begonia, hyacinth, gentleman orchid, tulip, freesia, etc., 1.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied to promote the pregnant bud and flowering of the plant.

4. Pruning hedges, green walls and ball shapes that have not been pruned in November. Hedgerows and green walls such as privet, lobular privet, Fa Qing, Populus tomentosa, Shu juniper, four seasons cinnamon, spinulosa heather, etc.; balls such as Chinese wolfberry, bayberry, heather, yellow poplar, Haitong, Admiralty, pyracantha, dragon cypress, juniper, etc., can be fertilized while completing pruning. The ground-planted flowers and trees that have not been pruned in November, such as rose, crape myrtle, palm, red leaf plum, heather, Fatong, plum blossom, wax plum and so on, can be pruned and fertilized around the root system after pruning. For bonsai plant species dominated by shearing, such as hammer elm, sparrow plum, medlar bone, Fujian tea, maple, oak, white wax, fire thorn, June snow, Luohansong, cypress, cypress, begonia, papaya, etc., continue to prune in December to lay a good skeleton for next year's growth; plants that have not changed pots for many years can be combined with pruning to change pots.

5. pest control can reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in grape, begonia, rose, rose, camellia, crape myrtle and other flowers and trees that are prone to diseases and insect pests. At the same time, spray stone sulfur mixture for sterilization and disinfection. For powdery mildew of potted melon-leaf chrysanthemum and Botrytis cinerea of primroses, the former was controlled by triadimefon or thiophanate-methyl in time, and the latter was controlled by thiophanate-methyl. For the species of scale insects that are easy to appear in flowers and trees in the greenhouse, such as hadai, bergamot, cycad, camellia, orchid, etc., you can first wipe them with a dishcloth, and then use pesticides such as quick culling. When there is poor ventilation, aphids often appear on potted plants, such as Magnolia, Milan, daidai, rose, Fujian tea, etc., can be controlled by tobacco water. On the trunk and big branches of flowers and trees such as Haitong, sweet-scented osmanthus, Fatong, camellia, lobular privet, pyracantha, oleander, begonia, Magnolia, bauhinia, gardenia, cedar, heather, crape myrtle, wax plum, etc., there are many kinds of scale insects that often appear on the trunk and big branches of flowers and trees, such as horned wax scale, Japanese tortoise wax scale, red wax scale, shield scale, sagittal scale, pink scale, velvet scale, etc., at this time, spray and kill with high concentration of pesticides such as quinathulfan, quinathulene, buprofezin and other pesticides. Drug damage is rarely caused.

6. Composting fertilizer in order to raise seedlings and prepare culture soil next year, we can use winter leisure time to pour rapeseed cake, bean cake and tea seed cake into water tanks and pools and add water for sealed fermentation. Dry withered grass, fallen leaves, shrubs, branches, etc., are piled up in layers with the garden soil, ignited and burned to form burning soil, which is a good covering soil for sowing and raising seedlings next year. Compost, pond mud, chicken droppings and pigeon manure were mixed with garden soil and sealed fermentation, which can be used for topdressing seedlings and preparing culture soil in the coming year.

7. make use of the free time in winter to find an open space or pile up as much culture soil as possible in the shade of trees, so as to meet the need of changing pots and potting grass flowers next spring. Generally, there are 4 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of rotten leaf soil (or 2 parts of alpine humus soil), 1 part of fine sand, 1 part of piled sawdust, tobacco dust or bran ash, plus about 5% retted cake fertilizer and 2% to 3% compound fertilizer. Among them, garden soil and rotten leaf soil should be screened, gravel, tree roots and other sundries should be sifted, fully mixed, covered with plastic film, and can also be stacked indoors after 3 to 4 months. It can be used for changing pots or potting grass flowers.

8. For the garden used for sowing, cutting and planting seedlings next year, ploughing can be carried out in December; for the garden for sowing and planting seedlings, cake manure, barnyard manure, pond mud, etc., can be applied before replanting; do not make beds for the time being, go through winter freezing, and then dig ditches to make beds in the early spring of next year, which can greatly reduce the cost of seedling management and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The ornamental plants suitable for bonsai modeling in December are: Luohan pine, Luohanbai, garden cypress, cypress, velvet cypress, Platycladus orientalis, Sabina vulgaris, black pine, five-needle pine, red pine, bayberry, wolfbone, holly, weeping spear, ginkgo, June snow, broom elm, finch, triangular maple, wax petal flower, Tamarix, pedicel begonia, weeping silk begonia, papaya begonia, melon seed yellow poplar, pearl yellow poplar, wisteria, purple myrtle, banyan, banyan, Fujian tea, white wax, oak and so on. For bonsai plants fixed with brown wire (rope) or wire, if it has been fixed for one year, or obvious constriction marks are found on the stem or branch, the original ligature should be removed and the wire or brown rope should be used for hanging traction. For plum piles, Luohansong, begonia, ginkgo, cypress, crape myrtle, etc., after some necessary pruning and plastic surgery, choose a good pot for planting and strengthen management, so that they can be used in public places or rooms for display in the coming year.

In winter, we must carefully manage some shallow landscape bonsai and tree stump bonsai: first, to prevent the roots of plants from frostbite in the basin soil; second, to prevent the disintegration of artificial cemented rocks caused by freezing; and third, to prevent plants planted on rockery from freezing or drying to death. It can be placed in an ice-free place and watered regularly so that it can survive the winter safely.