Planting conditions and Management techniques of Calendula

Calendula, also known as everlasting chrysanthemum, marigold, etc., is a herbaceous flower of the genus Calendula of Compositae, originated in Europe, and was introduced into China from abroad after the 18th century. With the introduction of double petals, large flowers and dwarf calendula, the cultivation, research, development and utilization of calendula in China have developed rapidly. Calendula plants are short, dense flowers, bright colors, long flowering period, mostly used in flower beds, flower belts, flower mirror configuration materials, can also be used as grassland edge plants, is the most common herbaceous flowers in early spring gardens and cities. In addition, calendula also has high medicinal and economic value. Let's take a look at the planting technology of marigold.

Growth habits of Calendula

Calendula is native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean coast. Cold-resistant, afraid of heat, like sunny environment.

1. Temperature: the optimum temperature for the growth of Calendula is 7: 20 ℃, the seedlings can withstand a low temperature of-9 ℃ in winter, and the suitable temperature for adult growth is 10 ℃. If the temperature is too low, it needs to be protected by thin film, otherwise the leaves are vulnerable to freezing damage. Calendula grows when the winter temperature is above 10 ℃. The temperature increased in summer the stems and leaves grew vigorously the flowers became smaller and the petals decreased significantly.

2. Humidity: the slightly wet condition is better for calendula seedlings, which is beneficial to the growth of stems and leaves and improve the cold resistance in winter. The adult plant of Calendula should be slightly dry, which can control the growth of stems and leaves so as not to cause overgrowth. Indoor or greenhouse cultivation, the air humidity should not be too high, otherwise vulnerable to diseases. Ventilation should be strengthened to regulate indoor humidity.

3. Light: calendula likes sufficient sunshine, especially in sunny beds or greenhouse cultivation, which is very beneficial to the growth of stems and leaves, and the seedlings grow sturdily and neatly. Such as too much rain and snow, lack of light, the basal leaves are easy to yellowing, and even the roots rot and die.

4. Soil: fertile, loose and well-drained sandy loam or cultivated soil is suitable. The soil pH of 6-7 was the best, with more branches and larger flowering.

Propagation methods of Calendula

Calendula is mainly sown and propagated, and it can also be propagated by cuttings, often sowing in autumn or in the greenhouse (or sunny border) in early spring. In the south, the seeds can be sown in multiple periods in one year, but mainly in autumn. Calendula has strong adaptability and can overwinter in the open field. Sowing in summer should pay attention to shade and prevent heat. In the north, it is mostly sown in spring, which is usually carried out from April to May, blossoms in early summer, can spend the summer safely in cool places, and blossom again from September to October. It can also be sowed in autumn. After sowing, the seedlings are moved to the cold bed to survive the winter from the end of September to the beginning of October, and then cultivated outdoors in the next spring, or pot culture is moved into the low-temperature greenhouse during frost to maintain 8: 10 ℃ and provide flowers in winter.

The Seedling technique of Calendula

1. Time: the time of raising seedlings can be determined according to the transplanting time. Generally, the seedlings are raised about 50 days before transplanting.

2. Seedling raising method: raising seedlings in greenhouse or sunny bed, mostly in small arched shed. The seedbed chooses the leeward to the sun, and it is better to move from east to west. The width and length of the seedling bed should be film size and easy to manage, and the general width should not exceed 1.3m. The height of arch shed should be about 60cm. The film had better choose the drip-free film with high temperature and good heat preservation performance.

3. Land selection and bed consolidation: it is suitable to choose sandy loam or cultivated soil with fertile soil, loose soil and good drainage. Rake deep 20~25cm to make the surface soil soft and fine, and the field smooth. Apply rotten high-quality farm fertilizer 4000kg, urea 12kg, potassium sulfate 5kg, phosphate fertilizer 70kg and fine sand 30kg to every 667m2 seedbed, mix well and sprinkle it into the ground, then rake fine and level it.

4. Seed treatment: first select seeds to remove impurities and blighted seeds to ensure that the seeds are full. Then drying seeds in order to kill bacteria, enhance seed vigor and improve germination rate. Before sowing, soak the seeds in 35-40 ℃ warm water for 3-4 hours, remove them and drain them with clean water. Control dry water to sow seeds. In order to prevent seedling diseases, methyl topiramate or chlorothalonil can be used to treat seeds.

5. Sowing: sowing should be carried out on a windless and sunny day. Fill the seedling bed with water on the sowing day and sow the seeds after the water seeps down. Using the sowing method, the treated seeds were first mixed in fine sandy soil and removed on the seedling bed for 2 to 3 times, which should not be too dense, and the sieved soil 0.7~lcm was covered after sowing.

6. Nursery bed management: the suitable temperature for germination is 20: 22 ℃. Generally, the seedlings will emerge 6-7 days after sowing. After the seedlings are all seeded, the temperature in the seedbed should not exceed 30 ℃, so as to avoid burning seedlings and rotting roots. After the seedlings grow to 3cm or so and the first pair of true leaves unfold, attention should be paid to ventilation to prevent overgrowth. The temperature in the seedbed should be kept at 25: 27 ℃, and the ventilation time should be at 8: 9 am. Do not ventilate at noon when the temperature is high, so as not to cause flashing seedlings. In case of strong wind and cooling weather, stop ventilation. When the average outdoor temperature is more than 12 ℃, we should choose a sunny and windless day to uncover the film and get rid of weeds in the seedbed. If you are short of water, you should spray through the water, cover the film, increase the vents, and the watering in the seedling bed should not be too frequent, in order to keep the dry and wet between the bed and soil. When the outdoor temperature is stable at 15 ℃, we should uncover the plastic film seedlings, stop watering about 7 days before transplanting, and rely on the seedlings before transplanting for transplanting.

Transplanting method of Calendula

The seedlings of Calendula were transplanted once when they had 3 or 4 true leaves, and were planted in wide and narrow rows, big row 70cm, small row 50cm, plant spacing 25cm. 4500 seedlings were retained every 667m2 and planted according to the size of seedlings. Plastic film mulching was used to increase the ground temperature and promote the early ripening of flowers.

Calendula should be irrigated with flood after transplanting to promote early slow seedling and early rooting. When the seedling has 5 or 6 true leaves, it is planted in the 10~12cm basin, or applied in the garden landscape according to the use. In addition, it can also be directly transplanted to the basin after the seedling stage.

Marigolds generally use 12~13cm caliber nutrition bowls, once on the pot in place, no longer change the basin. If the seedlings are raised by sowing, it is best to transfer the seedlings with 128 or 288 burrow plates at 1: 2 pairs of true leaves, and then put them on the pot.

Management in the later stage of Calendula cultivation

1. Cultivating soil in middle ploughing: shallow hoe should be used to preserve soil moisture after transplanting, and a small amount of branches appeared when the seedling height was 25~30cm. Soil was taken from the ridge and furrow to cultivate at the base of the plant to promote adventitious roots, prevent lodging and inhibit the growth of weeds under the film.

2. Watering; watering according to soil moisture after cultivation, the amount of water each time should not be too large, do not spread the ridge, and keep the soil dry and wet.

3. Extra-root topdressing: extra-root topdressing should be carried out when the flowers are in full bloom, and the best spraying time is after 6: 00 p.m., spraying urea 0.03kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.03kg every 667m2. Or the soluble flower fertilizer of 20 × 10 ~ 20 and 14 × 10 ~ 14 should be applied alternately, once every 7 ~ 10 days, and the concentration is 200 × 10 E-6 × 250 × 10E-6.

Control of Diseases and insect pests of Calendula

Calendula is cultivated in greenhouse because of poor ventilation and high humidity. Grey leaf spot, gray mildew, Fusarium wilt and downy mildew often occur, which can be controlled by spraying 65% Dysen zinc, or 50% carbendazim, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 700 times.

When the temperature rises in early summer, marigold leaves often find rust damage, with 50% verapamil wettable powder 2000 times the liquid spray.

Early spring florescence is vulnerable to red spiders, tobacco thrips and aphids, which can be sprayed with 1000 times of omethoate EC or 2500 times of permethrin.

A brief introduction to the planting methods of African daisies

African daisies are annual flowering plants, they are resistant to drought and cold, and can be said to be easy to grow and ornamental.

African daisies are native to South Africa, which is rich in natural ecology. the most primitive African daisies blossom only in sunny places and petals in dark places.

Later, African daisies were improved to prolong their flowering time and have more colorful colors. Warm tones such as white, violet, pink, red, and orange.

How to grow African daisies?

African daisies have strong vitality and are easy to grow. They like places where there is plenty of sunshine and air, but they hate too much water, which will make their roots rot. So choose a sunny place and well-drained soil, you can see the African daisies blowing in the wind to thank you!

After the coldest winter, you can move the African daisy outdoors, or start planting it in the garden and sprinkle it with the right amount of water on a regular basis. When your African daisies grow to a certain height, you can take them off and decorate your home.

After the end of the growing period, take the seeds directly from the calyx, select, wash and preserve the good seeds, prevent the seeds from getting moldy, and continue to enjoy the African daisies after the next sowing season.

Diseases and insect pests of African daisies

Although African daisies have strong vitality, they can tolerate all kinds of growth conditions. But they are also vulnerable to fungal attacks, and plenty of sunlight and good air circulation are elements of health, especially in areas prone to humidity.

In addition, African daisies are also prone to aphids. The best solution is to plant some marigolds nearby, which are also annual flowers, whose taste repels aphids and protects your African daisies throughout the growing season.

Varieties of African daisies

"African blue-eyed chrysanthemum African Blue Eyed Daisy" is a very lovely variety, its stem is relatively stout, is the best choice variety. It can grow to about 50cm height, and its plant diameter can also have 55cm.

Clown mixed Harlequin Mix is a common variety of yellow and white, and the diameter of flowers is about 7-10cm. It is recommended that the container be 35 high and about 45cm wide.

July 15 birthday flower: marigold Calendula

July 15 birthday flower: marigold

July 15 birthday flower: marigold

Bishop of Winchester. The Flower of Saint Shijin

Since ancient times, Christianity has had the habit of connecting saints with specific flowers, because the church often decorates the altar with blooming flowers when commemorating saints. In medieval Catholic monasteries, all kinds of flowers were planted like gardening centers. Over time, the church combined 366-day saints with different flowers to form the so-called calendar. At that time, most of the monasteries were located in southern Europe, which had a Mediterranean climate and was very suitable for planting flowers and plants. The marigold is the flower chosen to sacrifice Saint ──, Bishop of Winchester. It belongs to Compositae or daisy family, originated in southern Europe, and is an improved variety of small wild calendula.

July 15 birthday flower-Calendula language: meticulous

Marigolds also have a nickname, "Housewives' clock". Because the plant blossoms at a certain time in the morning and then closes at some time in the evening, it is a rather punctual flower. Therefore, its fancy language is "meticulous". Those who are blessed by this kind of flower have a rigorous and meticulous personality. However, too much of a stereotyped personality will not tolerate the problem of being late for an appointment with friends of the opposite sex, so relationships are likely not to last. Diyju.com