Introduction to culture methods and planting techniques of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis is a kind of plant suitable for indoor culture, and its flowers are similar to butterflies. Elegant, elegant. It has the reputation of "Lanzhong Queen". Flowers are the most ornamental part of Phalaenopsis. As most of Phalaenopsis are produced in humid Asia, which determines the growth characteristics of Phalaenopsis, ventilation, moderate temperature, high humidity environment is very suitable for breeding Phalaenopsis. Before raising Phalaenopsis, novices should know that stagnant water is not conducive to the growth of Phalaenopsis and avoid exposure to Phalaenopsis in the hot sun. When winter comes, it is necessary to control the indoor temperature. When the temperature is below 15 degrees, it will affect the growth of Phalaenopsis. The following editor will introduce the breeding methods of Phalaenopsis in detail.

Growth habits of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis was born in the tropical rain forest, the nature likes to be warm and afraid of cold. The suitable temperature for growth is 15-20 ℃, and it will stop growing when it is below 10 ℃ in winter, and it is easy to die when it is below 5 ℃. Phalaenopsis, which is native to tropical Malaysia, belongs to the genus Phalaenopsis of Orchidaceae and is a perennial herb. The forest trees along the shores of hot and humid rivers are the places where Phalaenopsis grows.

Phalaenopsis can protect itself from stress in low humidity because of its physiological structure, but in too humid environment, high temperature and high humidity are often accompanied by diseases. The most suitable range of relative humidity is 60%~80%RH.

Propagation methods of Phalaenopsis

The main results are as follows: 1. The method of sowing and reproduction is to sow the seeds from the cracked capsule in the flowerpot of the parent plant. This method is simple and easy, does not need complicated aseptic procedures and operating tools, and is suitable for ordinary family Phalaenopsis growers. However, the chance of success of this method is slim, and it is rarely used. Another method is aseptic sowing, in which the uncracked mature capsule is washed, then soaked in 75% 90% ethanol or chloroform for 2 seconds, and then soaked in 5% 10% bleach solution or 3% hydrogen peroxide for 5 minutes for 20 minutes. Take out the seeds and soak them in the same disinfectant for 5 minutes, then remove the solution by filtration, take out the seeds, and spread the seeds evenly on the surface of the culture medium in the prepared bottle with fine needles. The culture conditions were as follows: light intensity 2000-3000 lux, 10-18 hours a day, and the temperature was kept at 20-26 ℃. After 9-10 months, the seedlings can grow 2-3 leaves and then be planted in pots.

2. the method of pedicel bud propagation is to cut off the flowering part of the pedicel, and then carefully cut off the bracts of the first to third internodes in the upper part of the pedicel with a blade or sharp blade to expose the bud points in the internodes; smear hormones such as budding agents or indolebutyric acid evenly on the exposed Internode nodes with cotton swabs After treatment, the orchid plant was placed in a semi-shade place, and the temperature was kept at 25: 28 ℃. After 2 weeks, the buds grew into leaves, and after 3 months, they grew into Phalaenopsis seedlings with 3 leaves and aerial roots. cut off the seedlings and put them on the pot, they can become a new orchid plant.

3. In the method of broken heart and accelerating sprouting, after the growth point of the orchid plant is destroyed due to some factors, 1 or 2 new buds will grow from the stem node near the base of the orchid plant after a period of time. This feature can be used to breed Phalaenopsis.

4. stem-cutting reproduction method, the principle of stem-cutting reproduction method is to destroy the growth point of stem tip to induce latent bud growth. Although there are 1-3 latent buds in the axils of Phalaenopsis plants, most of them can not sprout into plants. After the plant continues to grow upward and the stem node is longer, the upper part of the plant with roots is cut off with sterilized knives or scissors, implanted into a new basin to make it continue to grow, the lower part of the rhizome is given proper water management, and new buds can sprout soon.

5. Tissue culture method, tissue culture method is used to propagate Phalaenopsis, which can obtain the same excellent genetic characteristics as the mother plant. The butterfly orchid seedlings produced by this method are called meristem or tissue seedlings. The plant tissues (explants) used for meristematic culture can be terminal buds (stem tips), stem segments (dormant buds), young leaves or root tips, but at present the most common is the pedicel of Phalaenopsis.

Culture methods of Phalaenopsis

1. Luminosity. The light of the newly purchased bottle seedlings slowly rose to 5000Lx, and after coming out of the bottle, 3000~5000Lx entered the normally managed 5000~7000Lx. The middle seedlings of Φ 8.4cm required light intensity 10000~3000Lx, the big seedlings of Φ 10.6cm required 15000~18000Lx, and the flower bud germinated to pedicel 10~15cm. The light increased slowly from 10000Lx to 14000Lx, and the summer management was slow. According to the light demand of different seedling stage, combined with the weather condition, the light intensity is controlled by the contraction of internal and external shading net.

2. Temperature. The temperature requirements of Phalaenopsis in large, middle and small days are basically the same, no more than 30 ℃, 23 ℃ for small seedlings and 20 ℃ for large seedlings at night. It requires 20: 24 ℃ in daytime, 17: 20 ℃ in night, 25: 28 ℃ in daytime and 20: 22 ℃ in night after the first flower. The temperature is heated by a heater when the temperature is low, and the fan-water curtain can be used to cool the temperature when the temperature is high.

3. Humidity. The best humidity requirements are more than 90% in the vegetative growth stage, 70% in the flowering treatment stage and 50% after flowering. Humidity can be controlled by measures such as ventilation with water curtain and spraying humidity in ground space.

4. Irrigation. Phalaenopsis air root has a strong absorption capacity, can absorb oxygen, nutrients, water, etc., too much water will cause suffocation to the root, so Phalaenopsis watering should be seen dry with fine water irrigation, operation as far as possible not to let water stay in the leaf concave or growth point, in order to prevent mildew or infection, irrigation to the soft basin bottom hole can be overflowed. [1] Phalaenopsis has very important requirements for water quality, especially the total hardness and iron content of water, which are lower than 50mg/L and 0.1mg/L. Tap water can be used after 1 or 2 days. When watering, pay attention to the alternation of dry and wet, the plant is dry and then watered, do not maintain a wet state. The water temperature is consistent with the environmental temperature of seedling growth, the earlier watering in summer morning, the better, and the best watering time is after 10:00 in winter. Check the dry and wet of the orchid before and after watering and during watering. After normal watering, some orchid plants are still dry and short of water. When the leaves are soft and sagging, we must try to improve the air humidity and must not irrigate every day.

The irrigation methods available for Phalaenopsis are: ① uses drip irrigation pipeline. ② uses fixed nozzles to irrigate from top to bottom. ③ is carried out by manpower. ⑤, the above methods are combined.

Phalaenopsis leaves can easily absorb urea and other fertilizers from the leaves when fertilizing. Porous media are very important to the roots, and despite their negative capillary effects, they have more advantages. Irrigation with irrigation or irrigation arms is very useful for crops in the early stages of growth. In order to avoid Botrytis cinerea on petals caused by watering, drip irrigation pipe is better at flowering stage. When there are many flowers in the pedicel, watering from above is easy to cause the pedicel to break.

Irrigation water must not contain chemical components and visible microorganisms. The sodium and chloride ions in water shall not exceed 100mg/l, and bicarbonate shall not be excessive. If there is no good water source, reverse osmosis treated water must be used. The amount of watering is related to climate, medium and plant age. In the environment of Western Europe, the amount of irrigation is about as follows: once every 10 days in winter and once every 5 to 7 days in summer. During the growth period, the water temperature should be 18-20 ℃ to avoid root loss.

During the growing period and the first month of moving to the large basin, water must be applied from above, not only to ensure that the medium is moist enough, but also to avoid salinization at the top of the medium. The drip irrigation system can be used after the root is well developed. Water should be fed from above at least once a year to eluate the medium.

5. Fertilization. In the growing season, appropriate increase of water and fertilizer, fertilizer and water should be light rather than dense, a small number of times, and no fertilization when the temperature is higher than 32 ℃ or lower than 15 ℃. Root fertilizer and extra-root topdressing are applied interchangeably. In order to promote growth, general compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the ratio of 1:1:1 is applied once a month before July, and liquid fertilizer is applied every 15 days in August. External root fertilizer was applied with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution after September. After October, the formation of flower buds was promoted by fertilizer control and water saving. During this period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were mainly applied outside the roots, and trace fertilizers such as boron, zinc and iron were properly applied. 0.1% Huabao 3 could also be used.

Phalaenopsis can be fertilized with compound fertilizer or nitrogen fertilizer directly. The application of fertilizer varies from variety to variety. If the base fertilizer is used, the base fertilizer must contain a mixture of Dolokal (L3-4kg/) and PG. The range of pH is 5.2 to 6.2 and the EC range is 0.8~1.2mS/cm. If the nitrogen fertilizer is too high, it will lead to the overgrowth of leaves. If the EC value is too high, the root will die. If it is too low, the plant lacks trace elements. The best way to measure EC is to collect water from the bottom after irrigation. More than 1.5mS/cm means that the medium in this basin has been salinized. Usually there are red spots on the roots, which need to be washed with clean water or low-EC water. 2:1:2 fertilizer was used in the vegetative growth stage of Phalaenopsis. Fertilizer concentration was 3 000 to 7 000 times for young seedlings and 3 000 to 5 000 times for large seedlings. 1:5:2 fertilizer was applied at flowering stage one month and the fertilizer concentration was 3 000 to 7 000 times. Stop fertilizing after the first flowering.

There are two common fertilization methods for Phalaenopsis: ① frequently apply thin fertilizer, bad climate does not apply, and the rhizosphere is too wet to apply. ② fertilizer water, keep the air convection, so as not to soak the root zone for too long, resulting in asphyxiation phenomenon, at about 4:00 in the afternoon when there are still water droplets in the leaves should be forced ventilation. ③ orchid root and leaf can absorb fertilizer, so it is best to wet the orchid plant when applying fertilizer. ④ water-soluble fertilizer can add a small amount of adhesive to increase the adhesion of the fertilizer.

6. Urge the flower. Flowering can be carried out when the plant has 5 mature leaves. The pedicel is drawn naturally when the plant is mature enough and goes through a transition period. Natural flowers in autumn can be sold in February or March of the following year. The florescence can be controlled by the adjustment of temperature and light quantity. All buds on the pedicel can be cut off for sale when all buds except the last one are in full bloom. There are usually three flower buds when the pedicel is cut off. The second pedicel is drawn from the rest of the flower bud and starts from the terminal bud. However, it takes longer to produce this new pedicel, so whether to adopt this method of natural flowering and then drawing out the second pedicel is determined by the required pedicel quality and sales plan. In addition to the first pedicel, double pedicels can be formed in the second time as long as the plant is healthy, which can be sold as cut flowers. As a result, an average of 2.5 pedicels can be sold per year. After the pedicel is pulled out, keep it straight with a rope to avoid bending.

The common method of promoting flowers in the south. ① uses the cool climate of high mountain to promote cultivation, and the altitude of high mountain should be above 800m~1000m. ② uses air conditioner to cool down and promote flowering cultivation. The former seed player's method of promoting flower is that the cost of transportation, packaging and alpine management is higher, the damage of the seedling is more serious, but the flower is neat, the flower grows better and the flower color is bright, while the latter has low cost and less damage, but the flower is irregular. Under the condition, the commodity character of high mountain flower promotion in the south is good.

Pest control of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis common diseases and insect pests are: soft rot, brown spot, anthrax, bituminous coal disease, virus disease, shell insects, red spiders and so on. Mainly adopt the principle of prevention, strengthen cultivation and management measures, improve ventilation conditions, reasonably control the placement density, and keep the environment clean. Spray insecticides and fungicides regularly. If diseased plants are found, the source of infection should be cleared in time, the diseased leaves and remains should be removed, and the seriously diseased plants should be isolated or destroyed to prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests. In addition, appropriate agents can be selected for control, 60% carbendazim or 80% methyl topiramate can be used during the onset of the disease, while shell insects and red spiders can be controlled with 40% omethoate or 80% dichlorvos 1000-1500 times.

Knowledge of Phalaenopsis Culture

1. Change the basin: Phalaenopsis must be changed once a year. Late spring and early summer is the most suitable time for Phalaenopsis to change pots. Timely basin change can prevent Phalaenopsis from growing poorly due to matrix decay, and even lead to Phalaenopsis death. Phalaenopsis likes highly ventilated soil, and the occurrence of matrix decay will cause the soil to be impervious.

2. Fertilization: the principle of fertilization should be less fertilization and light fertilizer. Because it grows faster and its growth period is longer. Phalaenopsis which has been planted for one year or many years will be changed every year in late spring and early summer (May). The newly changed Phalaenopsis is in the recovery stage and there is no need to fertilize the orchid plant. After a month of recovery, the orchid plant began to grow normally. That is to say, from June to September, the orchid plant enters the growth period and needs to be fertilized once a week.

3. Fertilizers suitable for Phalaenopsis: foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, farm manure fermented with water, special fertilizer for orchids, etc. During the growing period, Phalaenopsis can be fertilized alternately with foliar fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. If there are no these two kinds of fertilizer, you can choose to add water to ferment farm manure to irrigate fertilizer water. If there is special fertilizer for orchids at home, the special fertilizer for orchids should be applied directly.

4. Matters needing attention for fertilization in spring and summer: the temperature in summer is high, so we should stop fertilizing orchid plants. In autumn, the growth rate of Phalaenopsis begins to cool down, and the number of fertilizers should be reduced. At this time, if frequent fertilization to the orchid plant will affect the formation of flower buds, it will be difficult to bloom.

How to plant Phalaenopsis in Phalaenopsis conservation? How to raise Phalaenopsis? Phalaenopsis, as its name implies, is a beautiful butterfly orchid. It is a perennial evergreen herb of Orchidaceae. It is a tropical aerial orchid, a large family of tropical orchids, with short stems, large leaves, one to several flower stems and arched stems. The flowers are large, butterfly-shaped and bloom in spring, with a florescence of up to 50-60 days. It is a delightful thing to keep a pot of Phalaenopsis for bonsai at home. The following editor will introduce to you the breeding methods of Phalaenopsis.

1. Phalaenopsis likes a warm, humid and ventilated environment, which is shady. The basin soil should be well ventilated and drained, and snake sawdust, water moss, charcoal and broken bricks are often used as substrates. Generally change pots after flowering in spring, and update cultivation materials, otherwise it is easy to accumulate dirt and moss, and easy to breed diseases and insect pests.

2. The suitable growth temperature of Phalaenopsis is 15-30 ℃, which should be kept at about 27 ℃ in daytime and 18 ℃ at night. Flower bud differentiation requires a short low temperature of about 10 ℃. In the case of high temperature and muggy heat, air circulation should be strengthened. If the summer temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the growth and development will be inhibited. Only need astigmatism, not resistant to sunlight, the luminosity required is about 40% of the full light, and the light should be reduced by about 30% in summer.

3. Phalaenopsis needs sufficient water in the growing season to keep the substrate in the basin not dry. Less water should be watered in autumn, but a little more often. In winter, water can be irrigated once every 10 days and half a month. During the growth of flower buds, the water demand should be increased, and the watering times should be increased appropriately. During watering, water droplets should be avoided to remain on the leaves at night, causing diseases and insect pests or frostbite. Higher air humidity is required, and the relative humidity is 70-80%. It is better to keep it at about 80% during the day, and it is better to maintain high humidity in hot summer. Spray 2-3 times a day to maintain high humidity and lower temperature, while keeping the environment well ventilated.

4. Phalaenopsis must be fertilized regularly, once every two weeks in the growing season, and stop fertilizing in dormant period and flowering period. Fertilization in flowering stage is easy to cause the phenomenon of falling flowers and buds. Generally, the rarefied liquid fertilizer is applied in spring and summer, and the liquid fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in autumn and winter.

5. The propagation method of Phalaenopsis is to dig seedlings with 2-3 roots from mature plants in spring and plant them separately. Diseases and insect pests mainly rely on prevention, which can be sprayed with 1000 times of carbendazim or chlorothalonil, methyl thiophanate, thiophanate and other sterilization; spraying Keshuanjing to control snails; spraying triclofenac to control red and white spiders; spraying drugs containing EC to control shell insects.

The above is the common sense of Phalaenopsis conservation introduced by the succulent garden. I hope it will be helpful to you. Welcome to continue to pay attention to the succulent garden and learn more about it.

Culture method of Phalaenopsis watering method of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis is a kind of plant suitable for indoor culture, the flower is in the shape of butterfly, elegant and elegant, it has the reputation of "queen of orchid" in the flower, and the flower of Phalaenopsis has the most ornamental value, so many people are more willing to breed this kind of plant at home, of course, household breeding plants should also pay attention to methods and skills, otherwise their growth state will not be as good as they imagined, what are the breeding methods of Phalaenopsis? What are the watering methods of Phalaenopsis? Let's go with the editor to get to know it.

Culture methods of Phalaenopsis:

When it comes to the culture methods of Phalaenopsis, generally speaking, it is mainly considered from several aspects, such as soil, temperature, watering, light, fertilization and so on. Let's take a look at the following detailed introduction:

1. Soil:

Materials such as pine needles, peanut shells, bark silk and clay balls can be selected as substrates for breeding Phalaenopsis. Phalaenopsis has higher requirements for soil, which requires air permeability, decay resistance, slight acid and water permeability. For the configuration of such soil requires certain technology, you can directly go to the flower market to buy Phalaenopsis special orchid soil, Phalaenopsis cultivation pots can choose plastic pots or ceramic pots, considering that Phalaenopsis likes the breathable growth environment. You can choose a porous shallow basin.

2. Temperature:

For Phalaenopsis cultivated indoors, the culture temperature is more fastidious, the temperature is best controlled between 25-28 degrees during the day and 18-20 degrees at night. Phalaenopsis is produced in the subtropics, so the environment of high temperature and high humidity is most suitable for the growth of Phalaenopsis. When the temperature is lower, the growth of Phalaenopsis will be resisted, and when the temperature is lower than 15 degrees, the root system will directly stop absorbing water, resulting in black spots on the leaves.

3. Watering:

High humidity is a favorite of Phalaenopsis, but there must be no stagnant water. it is necessary to avoid making Phalaenopsis in a state of lack of water, especially during the growth of Phalaenopsis. Once the frequent lack of water will cause the leaves to yellowing, and it is difficult to recover. Usually watering Phalaenopsis can be watered with a spray can, watering to the bottom of the basin is good to avoid watering too much water.

4. Lighting:

Phalaenopsis prefer shade, but still need to receive some light, especially before and after flowering, appropriate light can promote Phalaenopsis blossom, so that the flowers are gorgeous and lasting, generally put in indoor places with scattered light is best, do not let direct sunlight, such as on the indoor windowsill, to cover part of the sun with a window screen.

5. Fertilization:

The principle of fertilization in Phalaenopsis should be less fertilization and light fertilizer. Because it grows faster and its growth period is longer. Fertilizing according to different months, Phalaenopsis planted for one year or many years will change pots every year in late spring and early summer (May). Phalaenopsis that has just changed pots is in the recovery period, so there is no need to fertilize orchid plants, and after a month of recovery, orchid plants begin to grow normally, that is to say, orchid plants enter the growth period from June to September, and orchid plants need to be fertilized once a week. The fertilizers suitable for Phalaenopsis include foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, farm fertilizer fermented with water, special fertilizer for orchids and so on. During the growing period, Phalaenopsis can be fertilized alternately with foliar fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. If there are no these two kinds of fertilizer, you can choose to add water to ferment farm manure to irrigate fertilizer water. If there is special fertilizer for orchids at home, the special fertilizer for orchids should be applied directly. Matters needing attention for fertilization in spring and summer: the temperature in summer is high, so we should stop fertilizing orchid plants. In autumn, the growth rate of Phalaenopsis begins to cool down, and the number of fertilizers should be reduced. At this time, if frequent fertilization to the orchid plant will affect the formation of flower buds, it will be difficult to bloom.

6. Ventilation and shading:

Phalaenopsis has the problem of rotten roots, which may be caused by the lack of a ventilated environment. Phalaenopsis is delicate, and choosing a ventilated environment will be more conducive to its growth, and the muggy environment is not suitable for breeding Phalaenopsis. Especially in summer in the south, we should pay attention to shading Phalaenopsis. Phalaenopsis is epiphytic orchid, sexual preference and low temperature in winter, so we should use noon time to give it ventilation. But can not let the tuyere blow directly to the orchid plant, spring and autumn, we should pay attention to the orchid away from the light.

Such as the above is a brief introduction of Phalaenopsis culture methods, I believe that through the above introduction, we will have a further understanding and understanding of Phalaenopsis culture methods, generally speaking, Phalaenopsis culture every step is very important, but the point is its watering, we all know that Phalaenopsis likes to wet, but avoid stagnant water, in the growth period can not lack water, such as long-term water shortage will make leaves yellow, can not be remedied Of course, you can't water too much. Let's take a look at the following introduction to the watering method of Phalaenopsis:

Watering method of Phalaenopsis:

1. Soil and water:

Phalaenopsis cultivated with pine needles will not accumulate water, spray water with a spray can when watering, until the bottom of the basin flows out of water, often sprinkle water around the orchid basin to keep the air moist, but be careful not to make the center of the orchid leaves stagnant water, especially at night in winter, it is forbidden to spray water on the leaves.

2. Watering during the growing period:

Watering Phalaenopsis should be determined according to its growth and development period, the new root extension period, should be more watering, flowering and budding period, should be more watering, but in the flowering period to reduce watering, it is inevitable that large flowers withered ahead of time.

3. Watering during dormant period:

The dormant period after anthesis should be watered less, generally once a day in spring and autumn, once in the morning and evening in summer, and controlled in winter to keep the potted soil moist.