It's easy to put on a fur coat in the morning and sand in the afternoon

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Picture and text: curator

1. Effect of temperature difference on succulent plants.

For succulent plants originating in South Africa, the most suitable temperature for most varieties is between 12 and 28 degrees, which should be the average temperature of the growing season in the country of origin.

In the south of the Yangtze River, represented by Hangzhou, where Lao Jiang is located, because it is located in the zone where the north-south airflow converges and struggles, often as soon as the cold air leaves, the subtropical high dominates. The days that can maintain 12-28 degrees throughout the year are only about 4 months in May, June, October and November, and most other months are either too cold or too hot, so that they often transition directly to short sleeves as soon as they take off their cotton-padded clothes, and suddenly have to wear sweaters again after wearing short sleeves for two days. (that's why spring and autumn clothes in Hangzhou don't sell well.)

People can barely bear such a climate, but it is quite troublesome for plants, especially succulent plants. Some people say that a large temperature difference can promote plant growth. Yes, the temperature difference between day and night does promote plant growth. But you may not understand the principle of this growth. Then let me tell you slowly.

The growth of plants depends on the amount of nutrients accumulated in the body. During the day, plant photosynthesis is a process of producing nutrients. Within a reasonable temperature limit, the higher the temperature, the stronger the photosynthesis, the more nutrients are produced. This process can be seen as an additional process for the accumulation of plant nutrients.

In the evening, due to the lack of light, the physiological role of most plants in producing nutrients stops, and the score is zero. But the transpiration of plants continues. The so-called transpiration is that plants rely on ambient temperature to make leaves evaporate water in the body, and at the same time, the siphon effect brought by evaporation makes the roots absorb water. This process needs to consume nutrients in the plant. The accumulation of nutrients in plants can also be seen as a process of reducing points. The higher the ambient temperature, the greater the transpiration and the more points lost, so how much nutrients plants can accumulate in a day depends on how much they produce during the day and how much they consume at night.

Through the above explanation, I believe you should have an understanding. The higher the temperature during the day, the more nutrients the plants produce, and the lower the temperature at night, the less nutrients the plants consume. The effect of temperature difference between day and night is reflected here. Why do Xinjiang grapes stick their teeth so sweetly? Why can Xinjiang tomatoes taste persimmon? It is not that the Balangs are industrious, but because of the climate of "wearing fur coats in the morning and gauze in the afternoon".

Well, now that we know this principle, I believe no one should argue with Jiang about the difference between the two concepts of temperature difference in daily units and day-night temperature difference caused by sudden heating and cooling.

In fact, the sudden rise and drop of temperature due to climatic reasons is not only not good for plants, but also extremely serious harm, which will not only disrupt the normal physiological order of plants, but also promote the occurrence of all kinds of accidents. In terms of physical order, for example, in spring, when the temperature finally rises for a period of time, plants begin to show signs of growth, and you have begun to water and fertilize your ass, and you are very busy. It suddenly cooled down, and the newly grown leaves immediately froze there, regardless of the consequences of the water you poured and the fertilizer you applied. This frozen leaf alone may trigger the urge to cut your head off. You said that you do not cut, good, do not cut, after a few months stiff leaves began to grow, the top is pointed, the bottom is round, the whole gourd shape. This is still good, even if it is all this shape can still be a new variety to deceive themselves. The problem is that there is only one gourd leaf in a circle of good leaves. Do you still want to cut it or not? Then there are accidents. It's okay to suddenly cool down after high temperature. South African succulent plants are fine below zero for a short period of time. But it is troublesome to heat up suddenly after a low temperature. In winter, the temperature suddenly rebounded to 25 degrees, and it was stuffy in the flower shed, and the temperature suddenly soared to 50 degrees. After that, when you go back in the evening, there will be a shed of steamed pork waiting for you to uncover. In addition to these, there are also diseases and insect pests, fungi and so on, all of which are associated with sudden changes in temperature.

I think the summary of this section needs to be stated separately-the temperature difference can promote the growth of succulent plants and the accumulation of nutrients, but it must be a controlled temperature difference between day and night, and the temperature difference caused by sudden changes in weather is harmful to plants.

2. How to make and make use of temperature difference

The family cultivation environment defines that it is very difficult for us to achieve the perfect artificial temperature difference as in the greenhouse. The greenhouse relies on the sealing effect of polyester film, which can store heat in the sun and widen the temperature difference by increasing the temperature during the day. However, the family also has the benefits of the family, as long as it is not living in the gazebo, at least warm in winter and cool in summer, it is possible to achieve no extreme temperature. So how to create the temperature difference, we need to find a way under the less obvious temperature difference at home.

(1) how to create temperature difference in winter

Although mentioned earlier, I still advocate letting nature take its course, try not to bother as much as possible, and make use of the existing environmental facilities as much as possible. But for the harsh winter in the south. Letting nature take its course is tantamount to admitting that succulent plants, especially Reed plants, have been dormant for nearly half a year. This is unfair to the majority of flower friends in the south. There is no reason why people have heating in the north. There is no coal in the south, but there is natural gas. No one is short of those heating bills, isn't it?) so the temperature difference in winter takes daytime heat preservation as the main means.

The first thing to consider for thermal insulation is airtightness. Some flower friends in Shanghai have made great achievements in building "pigeon cages" outside large finishing boxes or windowsills. I am positive about the above two methods. When it comes to moisture control, I don't advocate it, but when it comes to heat preservation in winter, I think these two methods are feasible.

But both methods have their own shortcomings; the size of the packing box is too small, which is a drop in the bucket for large-scale florists. Pigeon cages can work during the day, but at night, as soon as the cold wind outside the windowsill blows, the internal temperature immediately falls close to the temperature. Judging from the coldest temperature of minus 5 degrees in winter in Hangzhou, within a week, the leaves of Reed will all turn white and foggy, and then begin to rot after the beginning of spring. Unless air heating hotline and temperature control are installed, people with electrician's license dare not use these two things. Why? You'll know when you get an electrician's license.

In the final analysis, can be less trouble or less trouble, in the existing flower rack envelope is a more environmentally friendly way. Common flower racks are generally divided into two kinds, wooden and metal. Wooden flower racks are recommended to be directly wrapped with sunboard, (more beautiful, heat preservation effect is good) except for the front and bottom, the other four sides can be fixed with wood screws. The front can be made of greenhouse film or soft glass lamp in the form of a curtain to facilitate opening. Under the flower rack, you can use several water trays to put some water below, which can play the role of humidification. 2, the water can store the heat during the day and release it slowly at night to prevent the sun from cooling too fast at night. The metal flower rack can be completely wrapped with greenhouse film, and double layers or even 4 layers can be used to enhance the thermal insulation effect. Other wooden flower racks are the same.

Such processed flower racks need to be placed in the sun during the day, generally in the sunny weather with an outdoor temperature of about 5 degrees, and the temperature in the shed can rise to about 25 degrees. At night, no matter how low the external temperature is, due to the double insulation of the home environment, the temperature in the shed can be slightly higher than the room temperature. Is there a classmate whose room temperature is less than 0 degrees? If you have some, please raise your hand. Lao Jiang will help you to donate sweaters.)

The above methods are suitable for Phragmites communis and apricot plants.

(2) how to create temperature difference in summer

This proposition is quite tragic. The hot air in the sauna in the south is pervasive, and there seems to be no good way except for air conditioning. Don't say it during the day, the things that cover the scenting well with fried eggs happen every day. It is a little better at night, at least it can be less than 30 degrees outside, but indoors, the zero temperature difference between 30 degrees during the day and 30 degrees at night is very difficult to change. You say there is air conditioning. After all, only a few families have central air conditioning. If you use a split air conditioner, you will turn on the air conditioner in the bedroom at night. You won't put flowers in the bedroom, will you? There are also students who install small air conditioners in the greenhouse or even the greenhouse, which is of course a good idea. But everyone has done it, why does Jiang talk about it? After all, there are still many students who like material benefits.

We have said that Reed summer is deep dormancy, which is a sign that the growing season is coming to an end. Compared with winter dormancy, summer dormancy is a physiological cycle behavior. Controlled dormancy allows plants to accumulate power for growth in the next growing season. For plants, it is relatively beneficial. Therefore, the purpose of creating temperature difference in summer is not to grow, but to maintain, properly enlarge the temperature difference in summer dormancy period, can avoid the physiological obstacles caused by high temperature. The heat accumulated in the basin soil during the day can also be released through the relatively low temperature at night, so as to maintain the health of the root system.

Therefore, the summer temperature difference is mainly to reduce the temperature at night, and let nature take its course during the day. As long as you do a good job of shading, you should let it be a few degrees. At night, without the use of air-conditioning equipment, the use of spray, electric fans and other physical cooling methods to cool down. The spray needs to be sprayed on the soil surface to change color, the plant surface is covered with water droplets, and then turn on the fan to blow. Evaporation of water can take away heat. The data measured by Lao Jiang using this method is that in the midsummer season, when the temperature around the flowerpot is 32 degrees after 8 p.m., the temperature can drop to 29 degrees after spraying and blowing for an hour. Then combined with window ventilation, or the use of room air conditioning wind sharing and other methods, the minimum temperature in the greenhouse at night can reach the same as the outdoor temperature (about 27 degrees), which is low enough for tile Reed to spend summer dormancy.

The above methods are only applicable to tile Reed plants, for apricot plants, ginger suggests continuous water stocking in summer, as long as it is a healthy seedling of more than 2 years, the more the sun, the more energetic.

(3) how to create temperature difference in other seasons

In winter, the heat preservation is mainly in the daytime, and in summer, the temperature is mainly cooled at night. Then when it comes to the golden spring and autumn season, we need to be close to nature.

Being close to nature means to make the temperature difference of the cultivation environment close to the outdoor temperature difference. In the southern spring and autumn season, there is a natural temperature difference of about 10 murmur15 degrees outdoors, coupled with the fresh outdoor air, natural jade dew is moisturized, which is a pity.

There is no need to say much about the methods here, natural ventilation by opening windows, forced ventilation by electric fans, open-air stocking, and so on. As long as the greenhouse is turned into a gazebo, the goal will be achieved. Of course, we should beware of the cold in late spring and the restoration of subtropical high mentioned above.

(4) Utilization of temperature difference

Once we have learned to create a temperature difference, we can regulate the growth of plants. The obese or dwarf specimen you see on the Japanese website is also the result of extensive use of temperature differences.

For succulent plants, the first few weeks of the theoretical dormancy period is the reproductive growth stage. At this stage, the apparent growth will be very weak, but the rate of accumulation of nutrients in the plant has reached the most exciting part. And the plant time of different families and genera is different-Phragmites australis plants in early summer, apricot plants in late autumn.

During this period, increasing the temperature difference can increase the accumulation of plant nutrients, plants will become obese due to the increase of dry matter in the body, and the sturdiness of stems and leaves can correct the phenomenon of overgrowth accumulated during the growing period. Coupled with the slow growth caused by low temperature at night, plants will naturally show the characteristics of short and fat. Even, enough temperature difference can offset the overgrowth caused by insufficient lighting, but ginger has not been tested, by the way.

In addition, the temperature difference provides external conditions for plant flower bud differentiation. Plants regulated by temperature differences will bloom more evenly and fiercely and their flowers will be stronger in the following flowering period. Whether it is for the cross of Reed or the flower viewing of apricot, it is very beneficial. Just imagine, the stone flowers planted in groups are in full bloom overnight, and that feeling can not be felt without seeing it with their own eyes. Students who play with raw stone flowers should choose to plant in groups, and don't be small in a pot. there aren't so many, are they? Leave a message for ginger, ginger will give you-seed)

Temperature difference is also very important for Reed plants to control florescence. I believe that students who have cross experience are just pairing that has been planned for a long time, but can not wait for one of them to blossom in time, so they have to give up. Fortunately, however, we still have the temperature difference to make use of. Increasing the temperature difference, especially the high temperature during the day, can promote the flower bud differentiation of plants. This is an invariable axiom and does not need to be proved. By controlling the high temperature during the day, the flowering time of Reed plants can be controlled. The higher the temperature during the day, the faster the flower bud differentiation, otherwise the slower. In order to adjust and unify the flowering time of hybrid plants. For example, if you want to cross two tile reeds, one of them is already 30 centimeters high, and the other is just emerging, so hurry up and throw the fast-growing one on the windowsill, while the other is bored in the flower shed and blossom at the same speed.

However, for Reed plants whose florescence itself is not a season, the method of adjusting the temperature difference may not be so effective. Take longevity as an example, for example, the earliest flowering is Kangping in April, while the latest flowering is the green crab. The foil did not appear until June. Such a gap depends on the family cultivation of the temperature difference adjustment is almost ineffective. But it is estimated that it can be done in the greenhouse, otherwise, the hybrid seedling of the Kangping green crab of Lao Jiang's family may have come up from Mars.

In addition, the use of temperature difference can also control diseases and insect pests in the basin. Especially in the spring and autumn season, the appropriate low temperature at night can inhibit the growth of bacteria and the activity of pests in the basin, and the ultimate goal is to reduce the use of drugs and achieve the purpose of environmental protection.

Temperature difference can also increase the thermal expansion and cold shrinkage of plant particles, and indirectly achieve the purpose of improving soil quality through the physical changes of the soil itself.

In short, the rational use of temperature difference is the key to cultivating Reed plants. If sunlight, water and plant materials are the staple foods of family cultivated plants, then the above three items can only solve the food and clothing of plants, while the appropriate temperature difference is a tonic. It can make plants enter a well-off level on the basis of food and clothing.

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