How to grow carnations? Planting techniques and Culture methods of Carnation

Carnation belongs to the family Caryophyllaceae and Dianthus. Carnation includes many varieties and hybrids. It can blossom continuously in greenhouse, usually with double flowers, colorful flowers and fragrant smell. Carnation is one of the most popular cut flowers, representing good health and good wishes. It can be used for flower arrangement, corsage, etc. The following editor will introduce how to grow carnations.

The growth habits of carnations

1. Lighting conditions: sunshine plants in the genus Carnation, like plenty of sunshine. Except for seedling stage and full flowering stage, there is no need to worry about the harm of strong light, and with the help of auxiliary light, the diameter of Corolla and the freshness of flower color can be increased. There was a significant positive correlation between light intensity and cut flower yield per unit area.

2, temperature conditions: carnations like cool, can not bear the heat, can bear a certain degree of low temperature. If the summer temperature is higher than 35 ℃ and the winter temperature is lower than 9 ℃, the growth is very slow or even stops. In the period of high temperature in summer, corresponding cooling measures should be taken, and plastic film or enter the greenhouse should be covered in winter to maintain the appropriate temperature.

3. Water condition: the root system of carnation is fibrous root, long-term stagnant water or high humidity in soil or medium and long-term high temperature on leaf surface are not conducive to its normal growth and development. Therefore, drip irrigation is advocated, and attention should be paid to water quality and water salt content.

4. Soil conditions: carnations like the soil with good performance of fertilizer conservation, aeration and drainage, among which heavy loam is better. The soil pH value suitable for its growth is 5.6-6.4. Some soil analysis experiments show that the content of soil organic matter has no obvious effect on flowering when the pH value is in the range of 5.95-7.9, which is mainly determined by soil texture.

The breeding method of Carnation

Carnations are mainly propagated by seeds and cuttings. The suitable temperature for seed sowing and germination is 20 ℃, and the time for seed germination is longer, which takes 10 to 15 days. It could not blossom until 140 ~ 160 days after sowing, and the optimum temperature for plant growth was 5 ~ 20 ℃. When the temperature was higher than 30 ℃, the plant stopped growing and even died. Therefore, it should be cultivated in winter and spring in South China. During the Spring Festival flowering production, sowing and cultivation should be carried out in cool areas (high mountains) from August to early September. Carnation pot substrate requires good drainage and rich in organic matter, and the cultivation environment requires plenty of sunshine. If the temperature is too high or the light is not enough, the plant is easy to grow, the branch is slender, the plant type is poor, and it is not easy to bloom.

Seedling-raising techniques of Carnation

For a long time, the vast majority of flower farmers rely on self-propagation, always using the method of selecting the middle lateral buds from the mother plants of the flower-picking field, and the seedlings are used repeatedly for many generations, resulting in a decline in the quality of seedlings. The quality of seedlings will directly affect the growth potential of plants in the field after planting and the yield and quality of flowers in the future. Therefore, the mother nursery and ear picking nursery should be established during cultivation, and the techniques are as follows:

1. Seedling bed preparation: Carnation belongs to the root plant, which requires loose, permeable, water storage and fertilizer-preserving soil conditions to grow; the seedling bed soil is better with peat or other medium dominated by peat; enough fertilizer is applied in the medium, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and some trace elements; a large amount of water is poured three days before planting to make the soil fully moist The thickness of the medium is at least 20 cm, so as to ensure that the mother carnation has enough long roots in the soil layer, absorb nutrients, grow and develop normally; the seedbed or border should be established according to the specifications of greenhouse or greenhouse; the height of seedbed should be 80 cm 100 cm, and the depth of seedbed should be 25 cm 30 cm, not less than 20 cm.

2. introduction of female parents: varieties are selected according to the requirements of the market and the ecological environment of local cultivation, and excellent varieties with high yield, good quality, strong growth, strong disease resistance and good stress resistance are introduced, and carefully nurtured according to the characteristics of each variety; then take strong cuttings, cuttings take root to obtain high-quality and strong seedlings, set up a nursery and produce commercial seedlings

3. Mother nursery cultivation

① shelter from rain: in order to ensure the robust growth of seedlings, the use of plastic greenhouse for rain shelter cultivation of carnation mother nursery and nursery is a very good measure.

② density: there is a great relationship between planting density and cuttings yield; selecting reasonable cultivation density is not only conducive to plant ventilation and light transmission, but also conducive to the formation of a high-yield population structure, increase effective branches; generally use the density of about 50 plants per square meter; carnation planting should grasp the principle of shallow planting as far as possible; watering well after planting, watering enough with root water, so that the root system is in full contact with the soil; stem rot is easy to occur if the planting is too deep.

③ field management: there are a large number of white roots in the roots, indicating that the female seedlings have survived, and water should be slowly controlled to ensure the development of the roots; fertilizer should be applied once every 7 to 10 days, and insecticides and fungicides should be sprayed once according to the seedling condition; when the plant grows to 7 leaves and 1 heart, it can begin to pick the heart and leave 5 pairs of leaves according to the branching ability of the varieties, in case the lateral branches will pick ears later. Normally, it is not used for raising seedlings, but can be used as tissue culture material to rejuvenate and retain seeds; when the lateral branches grow to 7 leaves and 1 heart, they can start to pick ears; generally, 3 pairs of leaves are left on the female parent, and the cuttings are fixed with rubber bands every 25 to 30 branches, put into cartons or plastic boxes and stored in 1 / 2 ℃ cold storage.

Cultivation and maintenance of Carnation

1. Soil: clayey soil that requires good drainage, rich humus, good fertilizer retention and slightly alkaline.

2. Watering: carnations grow strongly and are more resistant to drought. In rainy and wet areas, the soil is easy to harden and the root system develops abnormally due to poor ventilation, so attention should be paid to loosening the soil and drainage in the rainy season. Except for timely watering during the growing and blooming season. It is advisable to keep the soil moist by watering less at ordinary times. The air wettability should be kept at about 75%, and proper spraying of water before flowering can prevent the bud from cracking in advance.

3. Fertilization: carnations like fertilizer, apply sufficient amount of baking fertilizer and bone meal before planting, and apply liquid fertilizer continuously during the growing period, generally applying mature thin fertilizer and water every 10 days or so, and applying topdressing after flower picking.

4. Others: in order to promote the multi-branch and multi-flowering of the carnation, it is necessary to pick the heart many times from the seedling stage: when the seedlings grow 8 to 9 pairs of leaves, carry out the first coring and retain 4 pairs of leaves; when the lateral branches grow more than 4 pairs of leaves, the second time, keep 4 pairs of leaves on each side branch, and finally make the whole plant have 12 pairs of 15 lateral branches. There is only one bud at the top of each side branch during bud pregnancy, and the budding buds and lateral branches in the axils below the top should be removed in time. Cut off the pedicel in time after the first flowering, leaving only two buds at the base of each branch. After picking the heart again and again, it can make the plant shape beautiful and the flowers colorful.

Potted planting of Carnation

1. Carnations prefer dry air, good ventilation and sufficient sunshine, avoid high temperature and humidity, and the optimum growth temperature is 19: 21 ℃. Cultivated soil requires good fertilizer conservation, ventilation, good drainage and rich in humus. Potted carnations should choose a high tube basin with larger inner diameter, and the base fertilizer containing potassium, calcium, nitrogen and phosphorus should be applied to the bottom of the basin first. After transplanting, water it once a day on a sunny day to keep the basin soil moist. Because carnations are not only afraid of waterlogging, but also intolerant of drought.

2. During the growth period, dilute urea water, straw-fired ash or sauce residue fertilizer were applied alternately every half a month. It is worth noting that carnations are not suitable for thick fertilizer.

3. Keep the light for 6 to 8 hours every day. At the height of summer, carnations are in a semi-dormant state, so we should pay attention to avoid hot sun exposure. Avoid stagnant water in the basin, otherwise the roots are easy to rot. In order to promote its branching, the top was removed when the plant height was 15cm to 20cm.

4. Generally keep 6-7 lateral buds in the lower part, and then pick the heart again, and finally make the plant have 12-14 lateral branches. When pregnant buds, only one bud is left at the top of each branch, and all the lower axillary lateral buds and lateral buds should be removed. The second picking must be carried out before the middle of August.

5. After the above treatment, the carnation can make the plant shape beautiful and the flowers colorful. Generally, after transplanting, if the water and fertilizer are suitable, the temperature is suitable, and the light is sufficient, it can blossom within 3 months.

Introduction to the main points of cultivation of Carnation

Carnations are our legendary mother flowers. It is one of the most widely used flowers in the world. So, what are the breeding methods of carnations? In general, carnations can be sown, pressed and cut, but mainly by cutting. Carnations, including many varieties and hybrids, can blossom almost continuously in a greenhouse. Since 1907, pink carnations have been used as a symbol of Mother's Day, so they are often used as flowers dedicated to mothers.

The Culture method of Carnation

Main points of cultivation:

Soil: clay soil that requires good drainage, rich humus, good fertilizer retention and slightly alkaline.

Watering: carnations grow strongly and are more resistant to drought. In rainy and wet areas, the soil is easy to harden and the root system develops abnormally due to poor ventilation, so attention should be paid to loosening the soil and drainage in the rainy season. Except for timely watering during the growing and blooming season. Usually less watering, in order to keep the soil moist.

The Culture method of Carnation

Mode of reproduction:

Sowing, pressing and cutting can be used, but cutting is the main method. Cuttage can be carried out at any time except in hot summer, especially from late January to early February. Cuttings can choose side branches that grow between the axils of the middle leaves of the branches. When picking cuttings, you should use the "budding method", that is, take the side branches by hand and break them down along the main branches, so that there are node marks at the base of the cuttings, so that they are easier to survive.

The Culture method of Carnation

Fertilization: carnations like fertilizer, apply sufficient amount of baking fertilizer and bone powder before planting, and constantly apply liquid fertilizer during the growing period, generally apply mature thin fertilizer and water every 10 days or so, and apply topdressing after flower picking.

The Culture method of Carnation

In order to promote the multi-branch and multi-flowering of carnation, it is necessary to carry out multiple coring from the seedling stage: when the seedlings grow 8 to 9 pairs of leaves, the first coring is carried out, and 6 pairs of leaves are reserved for 4 or more pairs of leaves; when the lateral branches grow more than 4 pairs of leaves, for the second time, 4 pairs of leaves are retained for each side branch, and it is better to make the whole plant have 15 lateral branches at last.

The Culture method of Carnation introduction to the main points of cultivation of Carnation

Introduction: Carnation is our legendary mother flower. It is one of the most widely used flowers in the world. Carnations, including many varieties and hybrids, can blossom almost continuously in a greenhouse. Since 1907, pink carnations have been used as a symbol of Mother's Day, so they are often used as flowers dedicated to mothers. So how to raise carnations? let's take a look at them together. Mode of reproduction: sowing, striping and cutting can be used, while cutting is the main method. Cuttage can be carried out at any time except in hot summer, especially from late January to early February. Cuttings can choose side branches that grow between the axils of the middle leaves of the branches. When picking cuttings, you should use the "budding method", that is, take the side branches by hand and break them down along the main branches, so that there are node marks at the base of the cuttings, so that they are easier to survive. Cultivation points: soil: clay soil that requires good drainage, rich humus, good fertilizer retention and slightly alkaline. Watering: carnations grow strongly and are more resistant to drought. In rainy and wet areas, the soil is easy to harden and the root system develops abnormally due to poor ventilation, so attention should be paid to loosening the soil and drainage in the rainy season. Except for timely watering during the growing and blooming season. Usually less watering, in order to keep the soil moist. Fertilization: carnations like fertilizer, apply sufficient amount of baking fertilizer and bone powder before planting, and constantly apply liquid fertilizer during the growing period, generally apply mature thin fertilizer and water every 10 days or so, and apply topdressing after flower picking. In order to promote the multi-branch and multi-flowering of carnation, it is necessary to carry out multiple coring from the seedling stage: when the seedlings grow 8 to 9 pairs of leaves, the first coring is carried out, and 6 pairs of leaves are reserved for 4 or more pairs of leaves; when the lateral branches grow more than 4 pairs of leaves, for the second time, 4 pairs of leaves are retained for each side branch, and it is better to make the whole plant have 15 lateral branches at last.