Planting methods and key points of cultivation and management of sword orchid

Sword orchid is a light-loving long-day plant, avoid cold, like cool climate in summer, can not tolerate excessive heat, the corm germinates under the condition of 4: 5 ℃, and grows best at 20: 25 ℃. The nature likes the rich and deep sandy soil, which requires good drainage, so it is not suitable to plant in the place where heavy soil is prone to waterlogging. The summer growth in Northeast and North China is better than that in Guangzhou and Shanghai. In winter in Shanghai, you can safely spend the winter in the open field, while in the north, you need to dig out the bulbs and put them indoors for the winter.

Reproduction method

The reproduction of sword orchid is mainly divided ball reproduction, the new ball blossoms in the second year, in order to accelerate reproduction, the bulb can also be cut, each piece must have bud and root part, the incision must be coated with plant ash, slightly dried and planted, when cultivating new varieties, multi-use sowing and propagation, seeds are picked in autumn and sowing, and the germination rate is high; winter seedlings are transferred to greenhouse culture, the Spring Equinox is planted in the open field, strengthen management, some seedlings can blossom in autumn.

Field management

The cultivation of sword orchid should choose sandy loam with sunny, good drainage and high humus content; although it can grow and blossom in clay, the development of renewal ball is poor, and there are few small balls formed under the big ball, and enough base fertilizer should be applied in the soil before planting. The type of base fertilizer is rich in phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The planting depth varies according to soil properties and corm size, generally 5 cm to 10 cm, plant spacing 15 cm to 25 cm, topdressing 3 times during the growth period. The first time after the two leaves unfold, to promote the bud stem and leaf growth; the second time, in the 4-leaf stem elongation to promote the bud, to promote the flower branch stout, the flower is large; the third time, after flowering, to promote the regeneration ball development. Sunshine during the growing period is beneficial to the differentiation and development of flower buds. In case of drought in summer, adequate irrigation should be provided, and attention should be paid to drainage and irrigation in the rainy season.

Key points of cultivation

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: Sandy loam should be selected for planting sword orchid. The soil layer should be deep, loose, good drainage and avoid stagnant water. Make the border 20 cm high and 1 m ~ 1.5 m wide. Fertilization should take into account both nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. As the sword orchid is a shallow root plant, fertilizer should be applied shallowly. Topdressing in the two true leaf stage (after flower bud differentiation) and heading stage, apply dilute fecal water plus urea once, re-apply potassium fertilizer in the middle stage, and pay attention to nitrogen control in the later stage, so as to avoid plant overgrowth and lodging. The plots dominated by seed bulb production should be mainly increased with potash fertilizer.

2. Corm selection and treatment: after determining the cultivated varieties, attention should be paid to the selection of corms, the selection of varieties should not be mixed, and the bulbs without disease and bud damage should be selected. Before planting, soak the graded bulbs in water for 15 minutes, then soak them with 0.1% mercury or formalin 80 times solution for half an hour to disinfect, remove and rinse thoroughly before sowing.

3. Planting period: under natural conditions, it is generally planted from April to May and the ground temperature is about 10C. If the annual production is to be produced, it should be determined according to different flowering periods. Under the condition of guaranteed temperature and light, those who require New Year's Day to be listed before should be planted in early September, those listed during the Spring Festival can be planted at the end of September, and those who supply cut flowers in early spring can be planted from late November to late December. Those that bloom from late May to early June can sprout in early February, plant in the open field in early April, and those flowering on National Day can be planted from early June to mid-July.

4. Break dormancy: bulbs dormancy continuously at low temperature for about 3 months. If you need to plant in advance, you can first use 35 ℃ high temperature treatment for 15-20 days, and then use 2C~3 C low temperature treatment for 20 days to break dormancy. However, during this period, the bulb should be kept dry, too much humidity is easy to cause corm rot.

5. Planting specifications: it varies with the plant type of the variety, 20 cm square for large plant type and 10 cm square for small and medium plant type. The planting depth is generally 3 cm ~ 10 cm. In order to prevent lodging, when planting bulbs, put 2 layers of 20 cm square nylon grid on the planting bed in advance, and then pull and tighten layer by layer with pillars as the plant grows, to prevent the plant from lodging and bending the flower stem.

Cultivation and management

The main results are as follows: 1. The bulbs are mainly planted in production, which are graded according to the size of the bulbs in spring, and soaked in the mixture of 1000 times of carbendazim and 1500 times of carbendazim for 30 minutes, then sprouted under the condition of 20: 25 ℃, and can be planted in about 1 week. For the varieties with serious virus infection and obvious degradation, stem tip detoxification can be used to rejuvenate the plant.

2. The conventional cultivation of sword orchid refers to the cultivation under natural conditions, and the bulbs with a diameter of more than 2.5 cm are generally selected. There are two planting methods: ridge planting and border planting, with a depth of 5cm and 10cm. When the second leaf is produced, it is the time of flower bud differentiation, and it is particularly sensitive to environmental factors. In case of low temperature and weak light, the number of "blind flowers" increases. Generally, when preparing the soil, nitrogen 6kg, phosphorus 6kg, potassium 7kg are applied per mu. Topdressing is needed for 3 times in the whole growing season, that is, when the inflorescence is extracted from the leaves and 15 days after flowering, topdressing is needed.

3. In order to promote the cultivation of sword orchid, it is necessary to break the dormancy of seed ball. After planting balls, dormancy can be broken under natural conditions from late autumn to early winter under the influence of low temperature. To promote cultivation, dormancy must be broken artificially, that is, after harvest, the bulbs were first treated with 35 ℃ high temperature for 15-20 days, then treated with 2-3 ℃ low temperature for 20 days, and then planted, which could germinate and grow normally. If it is required to supply flowers from January to February, it will be planted from October to November; if it is planted in December, it will blossom from March to May. That is, it takes 100 to 120 days from planting to flowering. The row spacing for promoting cultivation is 15cm × 15cm or 25cm × 7cm, with 4060 bulbs per square meter. After planting, the temperature should be kept at 20: 25 ℃ in daytime and 15 ℃ at night.

4. Sword orchid can also be used for delayed cultivation. After harvest, the bulbs were stored in 3-5 ℃ dry cold storage, and then planted in the greenhouse from July to August the following year. The management work was the same as that of promoting cultivation.

5. Cut flowers can be harvested 60-100 days after planting, depending on the variety. When 1-5 florets in the lower part of the inflorescence are transparent, it is the right time to harvest, usually together with 2-3 leaves, be careful not to hurt the leaves left on the lower stem, so as to continue to provide nutrition for new balls and bulbs. The collected flowers should be packed in grades and placed in a storage of about 4 ℃ and transported to consumers within 3-7 days. If the storage or transportation time is too long, the quality will decline.

Pest control

1, Penicillium rot, harvest and transportation, try not to hurt the seed bulb; soak in 2% potassium permanganate solution for 1 hour before planting; pull out the diseased plant at any time during the growth process.

2. For dry rot, the disease-free mother ball should be selected when planting, and the diseased plant should be pulled out in time in the process of growth.

3. "blind flower" is a physiological disease, which mostly occurs in protected cultivation in winter. The method of prevention is to ensure suitable temperature and light, and select varieties that are resistant to low temperature and short sunshine. The main pest is double-line mucilophilic slug, which can be sprayed with lime water and ammonia water; sprinkle lime powder around the garden to prevent it from entering; artificial culling. The bulb disease of sword orchid is more serious, so corm disinfection is an important measure. The method is to remove the corm membrane, soak in clear water for 15 minutes, then soak in 80 times formalin solution for 30 minutes or 0.2% ammonium bromide for 10 minutes, then rinse with clean water for 10 minutes. It is hot and humid in summer, and it is easy to suffer from bacterial blight. In addition to spraying 1000 times Tobujin solution or combined with irrigation, we should also pay attention to avoid drooping flowers. If nematode damage is found, the seed ball should be dug up and burned. In addition to soil disinfection, rotation must also be carried out.

4. Sword orchid bronze green golden turtle

The harm of copper green golden turtle of sword orchid is widely distributed and serious in China. Both adults and larvae can do harm, and the harm of larvae is the most serious. The main damage is that the larvae feed on the germinated seeds in the soil, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken ridges; bite off the roots and roots, so that the plants die, and the wound is easy to be invaded by bacteria, resulting in plant diseases.

Seed treatment before ① sowing: 50% phoxim EC, phoxim microcapsule, crop seed dressing, general active ingredient 0.05%-0.1% or 40% methyl isosalidin emulsion 0.04%-0.08%.

② soil treatment: can use 50% phoxim EC 3.7-4.5 liters per hectare, combined with irrigation into the soil.

③ ploughs the farmland in spring and autumn to eliminate pests. Rational irrigation, increase the application of rotten fertilizer, improve the soil, so as to enhance its insect resistance.

④ uses the phototaxis of adults to trap and kill by black light.

⑤ chemical control: in the adult outbreak period, use 40% dimethoate or omethoate EC 800x solution; 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution spray.

⑥ protects and utilizes natural enemies.

How to raise sword orchid? the culture method of sword orchid

How to raise sword orchid, as a common plant, sword orchid, together with roses, carnations and Fulang flowers, is known as the "four cut flowers in the world". So many flower friends will raise a sword orchid at home, here are the breeding methods and nursing points of sword orchid, hoping to be helpful to the flower friends who raise sword orchid.

Culture methods of sword orchid 1. Requirements for soil of sword orchid

Sword orchid should be planted in soil with good ventilation and permeability. if the soil is relatively sticky, it can be improved by adding organic fertilizer, straw or sand before planting. Sword orchid requires that the soil pH value is between 6Mel 7, and the soil pH value less than 5 will cause fluoride toxicity. In order to improve the soil PH value, lime (mixed evenly with the soil) should be added to the soil one month before planting, and the soil pH value higher than 7.5 will cause element deficiency, which can be prevented by applying organic fertilizer in the soil.

2. Water quantity control of sword orchid.

Before emergence, the sword orchid should be irrigated every 10 days. Do not dry out after the seedlings come out, otherwise the leaf tip will turn yellow easily. After the appearance of scape, it can not be affected by drought. Yuanyuan in summer should be irrigated once every 4 days. Irrigation should be stopped after flowering to prolong the flowering period.

3. The temperature of sword orchid should be warm

Sword orchid like warm, humid climate, avoid high temperature and heat, not cold-resistant, the most suitable temperature for growth is 20-25 ℃. When the soil temperature was higher than 5 ℃ in early spring, the corm could sprout, and the growth was inhibited when the temperature was higher than 35 ℃ in summer. Generally speaking, sword orchid can blossom about 3 months after planting, but the cultivation cycle is greatly affected by the temperature in the growing period. The higher the temperature in the growing period, the shorter the cultivation cycle. For example, when the average temperature in the growing period is 12 ℃, it takes 110 to 120 days from planting to flowering, 90 to 100 days when the average temperature reaches 15 ℃, 70 days to 80 days at 20 ℃, and only 60 days to 70 days when the average temperature reaches 25 ℃.

4. Sword orchid should have plenty of sunshine

Sword orchid is not shade-tolerant and is a long-sunshine plant, and 16 hours of light a day is the most suitable. Cut flower varieties are greatly affected by light. If the sunshine is sufficient, the flowers will grow strong, the resistance is strong, and the flower color is bright and lasting, but in hot summer, it is also necessary to avoid strong direct sunlight.

5. The demand of fertilizer for sword orchid

Sword orchid is a shallow root plant, fertilizer should be applied shallowly, fertilization should take into account both nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, topdressing at two true leaf stages (after flower bud differentiation) and heading stage, apply dilute fecal water plus urea once, re-apply potassium fertilizer in the middle stage, and pay attention to nitrogen control in the later stage, so as not to overgrow the plant and cause lodging. The plots dominated by seed bulb production should be mainly increased with potash fertilizer.

6. Pest control of sword orchid.

The common diseases of sword orchid are corm rot, leaf blight and so on; the common insect pests are thrips and slugs, so we should pay attention to maintenance and deal with them in time.

Key points of sword orchid maintenance

1. Cut a short section at the lower end of the flower rod at 45 °after receipt, remove the flowers at the bottom that affect the vase, and remove the leaves immersed in water.

2. Put 1 stroke 3 water in the vase, change the water and cut the roots once every 2-3 days when there is no antistaling agent, and change the water once every 1-2 days without antistaling agent. Clean the bottle mouth to avoid the growth of bacteria.

3. Avoid direct sunlight and wind blowing.

Culture methods of sword orchid

Sword orchid is a light-loving long-day plant, avoid cold, like cool climate in summer, can not tolerate excessive heat, the corm germinates under the condition of 4: 5 ℃, and grows best at 20: 25 ℃. The nature likes the rich and deep sandy soil, which requires good drainage, so it is not suitable to plant in the place where heavy soil is prone to waterlogging. The summer growth in Northeast and North China is better than that in Guangzhou and Shanghai. In winter in Shanghai, you can safely spend the winter in the open field, while in the north, you need to dig out the bulbs and put them indoors for the winter.

Reproduction method

The reproduction of sword orchid is mainly divided ball reproduction, the new ball blossoms in the second year, in order to accelerate reproduction, the bulb can also be cut, each piece must have bud and root part, the incision must be coated with plant ash, slightly dried and planted, when cultivating new varieties, multi-use sowing and propagation, seeds are picked in autumn and sowing, and the germination rate is high; winter seedlings are transferred to greenhouse culture, the Spring Equinox is planted in the open field, strengthen management, some seedlings can blossom in autumn.

Field management

The cultivation of sword orchid should choose sandy loam with sunny, good drainage and high humus content; although it can grow and blossom in clay, the development of renewal ball is poor, and there are few small balls formed under the big ball, and enough base fertilizer should be applied in the soil before planting. The type of base fertilizer is rich in phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The planting depth varies according to soil properties and corm size, generally 5 cm to 10 cm, plant spacing 15 cm to 25 cm, topdressing 3 times during the growth period. The first time after the two leaves unfold, to promote the bud stem and leaf growth; the second time, in the 4-leaf stem elongation to promote the bud, to promote the flower branch stout, the flower is large; the third time, after flowering, to promote the regeneration ball development. Sunshine during the growing period is beneficial to the differentiation and development of flower buds. In case of drought in summer, adequate irrigation should be provided, and attention should be paid to drainage and irrigation in the rainy season.

Key points of cultivation

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: Sandy loam should be selected for planting sword orchid. The soil layer should be deep, loose, good drainage and avoid stagnant water. Make the border 20 cm high and 1 m ~ 1.5 m wide. Fertilization should take into account both nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. As the sword orchid is a shallow root plant, fertilizer should be applied shallowly. Topdressing in the two true leaf stage (after flower bud differentiation) and heading stage, apply dilute fecal water plus urea once, re-apply potassium fertilizer in the middle stage, and pay attention to nitrogen control in the later stage, so as to avoid plant overgrowth and lodging. The plots dominated by seed bulb production should be mainly increased with potash fertilizer.

2. Corm selection and treatment: after determining the cultivated varieties, attention should be paid to the selection of corms, the selection of varieties should not be mixed, and the bulbs without disease and bud damage should be selected. Before planting, soak the graded bulbs in water for 15 minutes, then soak them with 0.1% mercury or formalin 80 times solution for half an hour to disinfect, remove and rinse thoroughly before sowing.

3. Planting period: under natural conditions, it is generally planted from April to May and the ground temperature is about 10C. If the annual production is to be produced, it should be determined according to different flowering periods. Under the condition of guaranteed temperature and light, those who require New Year's Day to be listed before should be planted in early September, those listed during the Spring Festival can be planted at the end of September, and those who supply cut flowers in early spring can be planted from late November to late December. Those that bloom from late May to early June can sprout in early February, plant in the open field in early April, and those flowering on National Day can be planted from early June to mid-July.

4. Break dormancy: bulbs dormancy continuously at low temperature for about 3 months. If you need to plant in advance, you can first use 35 ℃ high temperature treatment for 15-20 days, and then use 2C~3 C low temperature treatment for 20 days to break dormancy. However, during this period, the bulb should be kept dry, too much humidity is easy to cause corm rot.

5. Planting specifications: it varies with the plant type of the variety, 20 cm square for large plant type and 10 cm square for small and medium plant type. The planting depth is generally 3 cm ~ 10 cm. In order to prevent lodging, when planting bulbs, put 2 layers of 20 cm square nylon grid on the planting bed in advance, and then pull and tighten layer by layer with pillars as the plant grows, to prevent the plant from lodging and bending the flower stem.