Introduction to the formula of nutrient solution for several kinds of hydroponic plants

Compared with soil culture plants, hydroponic plants have many advantages, and the quality of hydroponic plants is good. Because the nutrient solution of flowers is prepared according to the needs of flower growth, the cultivated flowers are large and many, strong taste, colorful and long flowering period. Hydroponic plants save nutrients, water and labor. Hydroponic plants only need to replenish nutrient solution regularly, which is easy to operate, labor-saving and time-saving. Clean, no weeds, few diseases and insect pests, today the editor mainly introduces two kinds of common hydroponic plant nutrient solution formula.

Allocation of nutrient solution for hydroponic plants

1. Matrix preparation

The main function of soilless culture substrate is to fix flowers and plants in containers. At present, soilless culture substrate is commonly used in China.

① sand grains less than 3 mm in diameter.

Natural gravel, pumice and volcanic rocks with a diameter greater than 3 mm of ②.

③ has good buffering property and does not sink in water of mica mineral vermiculite.

④ perlite. The effect is better when it is mixed with mudstone and sand.

The peat with good air permeability and strong water-holding capacity of ⑤ can be used as a matrix alone or mixed with slag. In addition, slag, brick, charcoal, asbestos, sawdust, fern root, bark and so on can all be used as substrates, and the matrix should be washed and disinfected before use.

2. Preparation of nutrient solution

The various elements and their dosage used in the preparation of nutrient solution for soilless cultivation of flowers should be determined according to the varieties of flowers planted and their different growth periods and regions.

Hoagland nutrient solution formula

At present, there are many formulations of nutrient solution for soilless culture in the world, and most of the works on soilless culture have collected many formulations. For example, Hewitt (1966) has collected about 160 formulations. Some recipes have been proved to be good after decades of use. Hoagland's formula, which is also the most primitive one, is said in many places to be discovered by Hoagland himself in 1935, but it is not. It was published in 1933 after a large number of comparative experiments between him and his research partner, which is the most primitive but still in use.

1. The formula of nutrient solution: calcium nitrate 945mg/L, potassium nitrate 607mg/L, ammonium phosphate 115mg/L, magnesium sulfate 493mg/L, iron salt solution 2.5ml/L, trace element 5ml red pH 6.0.

2. Improved Hoagland formula: calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 945mg/L, potassium nitrate 506mg/L, ammonium nitrate 80mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 136mg/L, magnesium sulfate 493mg/L, iron salt solution 2.5ml, trace element solution 5ml, pH 6.0.

3. Iron salt solution: ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 2.78g, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate 3.73g, distilled water 500ml, pH 5.5.

4. Trace element solution: potassium iodide 0.83mg/l, boric acid: 6.2mg/L, manganese sulfate: 22.3mg/L, zinc sulfate: 8.6mg/L, sodium molybdate: 0.25mg/L, copper sulfate: 0.025mg/L, cobalt chloride: 0.025mg/L.

5. Points for attention

If ① is used as compound fertilizer, it can be prepared with natural water, omitting trace element solution. If the nutrient solution for soilless cultivation needs to be prepared with artificial soft water, such as distilled water, trace element solution must be added.

② often mix the above nutrient solution into 10 or 20 times concentration and dilute it when used. Pay attention to the adjustment of pH before use (different plants have different requirements for PH, so they can be adjusted appropriately) in soilless culture, crops must contain 13 essential elements in order to maintain their normal growth and development, and all of them must be in a state that plants can absorb, that is, ion dissociation. In addition, the ratio between ions must be appropriate. Only when the nutrient solution has the above conditions, it is possible to make the crop develop well and obtain high yield. At present, there are hundreds of nutrient solution formulations published in the world, among which Hogan's solution is the most famous, which is widely used by nutrient solution testing and planting personnel all over the world.

Morad nutrient solution formula (the most famous nutrient solution formula in the world and the most commonly used nutrient solution formula)

Liquid A: 125g calcium nitrate and 12g ferrous sulfate. Add the above to 1 kilogram of water.

Solution B: 37 grams of magnesium sulfate, 28 grams of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 41 grams of potassium nitrate, 0.6g of boric acid, 0.4g of manganese sulfate, 0.004 grams of copper sulfate and 0.004 grams of zinc sulfate. Add the above to 1 kilogram of water.

1. The preparation process of nutrient solution

① weighs all kinds of fertilizers and puts them on clean containers or plastic film bags, as well as plastic film bags spread flat on the floor.

When mixing and dissolving fertilizers with ②, strict attention should be paid to the order, and Ca2+ and SO42-,PO43- should be separated, that is, calcium nitrate cannot be mixed with several fertilizers other than potassium nitrate, such as magnesium sulfate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, so as to avoid calcium precipitation.

The order of fertilizer dissolution in ③ A pot is as follows: first dissolve ferrous sulfate in warm water, then dissolve calcium nitrate, stir while adding water until evenly dissolved; can B dissolve magnesium sulfate first, then add ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate in turn, stir in water until completely dissolved, boric acid is dissolved in warm water, then add other trace element fertilizers respectively. Two kinds of liquid tanks An and B are stirred separately and then set aside.

When ④ uses nutrient solution, take 10ml of A tank mother liquid and dissolve it in 1kg water, then add B tank mother liquid to this 1kg water, then you can use it.

2. Adjust the pH of the nutrient solution.

The pH of the nutrient solution directly affects the existing state, transformation and availability of nutrients in the nutrient solution. For example, phosphate is easy to precipitate in alkaline, which affects the utilization; manganese and iron will also be deficient due to the decrease of solubility in alkaline solution. Therefore, the adjustment of pH (that is, PH) in the nutrient solution can not be ignored.

Nutrient solution is generally prepared with well water or tap water. If the PH value of the water source is neutral or slightly alkaline, the PH value of the prepared nutrient solution is similar to that of the water source, and should be adjusted if it does not match. When adjusting the PH value, we should first dilute the strong acid and strong alkali with water, neutralize the nutrient solution with phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid when the nutrient solution is partial to alkali, neutralize it with sodium hydroxide when it is partial to acid, and then add it to the nutrient solution drop by drop, and at the same time constantly determine it with PH test paper until neutral. Generally speaking, PH reaches 7 as the verification standard!

Matters needing attention of hydroponic plants

1. If tap water is used in the preparation of nutrient solution, tap water should be treated, because tap water mostly contains chlorides and sulfides, which are harmful to plants, and a little bicarbonate will also hinder the absorption of iron by roots. Therefore, when using tap water to prepare nutrient solution, a small amount of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate or humic acid salt should be added to treat chloride and sulfide in the water. If the substrate of hydroponic plant technology is peat, the above shortcomings can be eliminated. If the quality of groundwater is poor, it can be prepared with pollution-free river or lake water.

2. If you don't use nutrient solution, you can only use ordinary hydroponics, but the growth will be worse and the growth will be slow. Under normal circumstances, the cultivation water in the basin should be changed once in a month or two and can be used with tap water, but pay attention to putting the tap water for a period of time to keep the root temperature stable.

3. Hydroponic plants are mostly negative and neutral flowers suitable for indoor cultivation, which have their own requirements for light. Negative flowers such as ferns, orchids, Araceae, should be moderately shaded; medium-sized flowers, such as turtle back bamboo, goose palm wood, poinsettia, etc., do not have strict requirements for light intensity, usually like the sun is sufficient, can also grow normally in the shade. It is very important to ensure the temperature for the normal growth of flowers, and the root system of flowers grows better in the range of 15-30 degrees.

4. We should pay attention to distinguish the root color of flowers to determine whether they grow better or not. The whole root or root mouth with proper concentration of light and temperature nutrient solution is white. Please pay attention to forbid excessive nutrient solution and shorten the time interval of adding nutrient solution.

5. In the process of hydroponic plant growth, if water droplets are found at the leaf tip, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the height of the water surface, let more roots be exposed in the air, and reduce the proportion of immersion in water, so as to facilitate the absorption of oxygen.

The Culture method of hydroponic plants-how to configure the nutrient solution of hydroponic plants

Scientific studies have shown that plants can absorb and attach harmful gases to the leaf surface, especially the root system of hydroponic plants, which has stronger adsorption capacity. They can add harmful gases and dust to their metabolism and detoxify them when the substance changes. So today we will take a look at the methods of hydroponic plant culture and how to configure the nutrient solution. . The cultivation methods of hydroponic plants are properly ventilated: the quality of hydroponic plants is directly related to the oxygen content in the water, and the oxygen content in the water is related to the activities of indoor personnel and ventilation. When the indoor ventilation is poor and the personnel are active frequently, the oxygen content in the water decreases rapidly, which will affect the growth of hydroponic flowers, while maintaining good indoor ventilation can increase the oxygen content in the water. Spray washing leaves: hydroponic plants, especially indoor hydroponic foliage plants, most of them like higher air humidity, if the indoor air is too dry, it will cause scorched tips or edges of the leaves. Thus affecting the ornamental value of flowers. Therefore, usually should often spray water on the plant, so as to improve the humidity of the air, which is conducive to the normal growth of flowers. . Keep hygienic: hydroponic plants are inorganic nutrients, the most avoid organic matter into the water, not to mention the use of organic fertilizer. Therefore, keeping hydroponic flowers clean and hygienic is the key measure to ensure their good growth. Therefore, usually do not put food or organic fertilizer into hydroponic flowers. You can't put your hands into the water at will to ensure that the water quality used will not deteriorate or pollute, make it clean and hygienic, and ensure the growth of flowers. Note: first of all, it should be noted that the roots of plants can not be completely soaked in water, the roots need to be 5 to 10 centimeters exposed in the air. If the roots are all soaked in water, the roots can not absorb oxygen and will die of hypoxia. The roots exposed in the air can replenish the oxygen. Secondly, we should change the water frequently and keep the dissolved nutrients in the water. Thirdly, the composition of the nutrient solution of water culture should be appropriate and the concentration should not be too high. . Hydroponic plant nutrient solution how to configure hydroponic plant nutrient solution generally we can use the special nutrient solution sold on the market, according to the instructions to match the appropriate concentration, such as dilution 400x or 1000 times, the proportion must not be mistaken. When preparing, the tap water should be placed for two hours to half a day, and after its temperature is close to room temperature and the chlorine in the water is volatilized, the concentrated nutrient solution can be added in proportion to become a nutrient solution that can raise hydroponic plants. The editor here introduces a widely used formula of nutrient solution. The world's most famous Morad nutrient solution formula: solution A: 125g calcium nitrate and 12g ferrous sulfate. Add the above to 1 kilogram of water. Liquid B: 37 grams of magnesium sulfate, 28 grams of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 41 grams of potassium nitrate, 0.6g of boric acid, 0.4g of manganese sulfate, 0.004 grams of copper sulfate, 0.004 grams of zinc sulfate. Add the above to 1 kilogram of water. The easiest way is to use bottled mineral water and add a few elements. . The editor concludes that because hydroponic plants adopt this soilless cultivation method, it has been favored by flower consumers at home and abroad because of its advantages such as cleanliness, elegance, strong appreciation, environmental protection and no pollution. Today, the editor's introduction to the method of hydroponic plant culture and how to configure the nutrient solution is over. Thank you for your appreciation. The nutrient solution of hydroponic flowers requires 16 necessary elements for plant growth and development, of which a large number of elements are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and so on, and trace elements are iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum, chlorine and so on. A large number of elements and trace elements needed by plants are allocated into nutrient solution to be input into hydroponic clear water, so that the nutrition of hydroponic flowers can be satisfied. 1. Ways to obtain nutrient solution: there are generally two ways for hydroponic flowers to obtain nutrient solution: one is to configure themselves according to the formula of nutrient solution; the other is to select and buy concentrated nutrient solution products from the market. To prepare the nutrient solution by ourselves, on the one hand, it requires equipment, instruments and a certain level of operation, if it is improper, it will directly affect the actual effect of the nutrient solution; on the other hand, the various chemicals in the nutrient solution formula are not retail, such as buying too much. it is difficult to store and cause waste. General home, office and other indoor water cultivation sound number will not be too many, different types, the need for nutrient solution is not much, so it is appropriate to choose and buy nutrient solution from the market. 1. Ways to obtain nutrient solution: there are generally two ways for indoor plant hydroponics to obtain nutrient solution: one is to configure it according to the formula of nutrient solution, but to select and purchase concentrated nutrient solution products from the market. To prepare the nutrient solution by ourselves, on the one hand, it requires equipment, instruments and a certain level of operation, if it is improper, it will directly affect the actual effect of the nutrient solution; on the other hand, the various chemicals in the nutrient solution formula are not retail, such as buying too much. it is difficult to store and cause waste. General home, office and other indoor water cultivation sound number will not be too many, different types, the need for nutrient solution is not much, so it is appropriate to choose and buy nutrient solution from the market. 1) self-preparation according to nutrient solution formula with the rapid development of soilless cultivation and indoor plant hydroponics, scientists around the world have developed a variety of more mature nutrient solution formulations for people to choose to prepare and use. Common nutrient solution formula: Glick basic nutrient solution formula, Versailles nutrient solution formula, Hoagland and Arnong nutrient solution formula, Hamp nutrient solution formula, China Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Academy of soilless flowers comprehensive nutrient solution formula and so on. Preparation method: determine the nutrient solution formula to prepare the container and set up to dissolve all kinds of inorganic salts, pour them into the container according to the order in the formula, dissolve, determine and adjust the acidity and alkalinity with clear water. In the preparation of nutrient solution according to the formula, only ceramic, enamel, plastic and glassware can be used as containers for the preparation of nutrient solution, and metal products such as copper and iron should not be used to avoid chemical reactions and affect the configuration accuracy and use effect of the nutrient solution. After dissolving all kinds of inorganic salts, pour them into the storage nutrient solution container according to the order in the formula (first a large number of elements and then trace elements), must not be reversed, so as not to react and precipitate. The pH of nutrient solution directly affects the absorption of mineral elements by plants. Generally, PH test paper can be used for determination. When PH is too high, it is regulated by hydrochloric acid; when PH is too low, it is regulated by sodium hydroxide. Different plants have different adaptability to PH, and most hydroponic plants adapt to acidic and slightly acidic water quality. Introduction to the preparation of nutrient solution: taking Hanpu nutrient solution as an example, its formula and production steps are introduced. Step 1: dissolve each kind of inorganic salt in the formula in a glass or test tube with a small amount of warm water of about 50 ℃, and set aside; step 2: pour 750ml of water into a large container ready to store the nutrient solution; step 3: according to the order listed in the formula, pour all kinds of dissolved inorganic salts into a large container such as the nutrient solution, pour and stir. Step 4: pour 1000 ml of clear water into a large container and stir to form the relationship between the applicable nutrient solution, concentrated solution and diluent: the original solution refers to the nutrient solution prepared according to the formula of the nutrient solution, and it is the most basic fertilizer for plant hydroponics. Due to the large volume of the original solution, in order to facilitate storage and carrying, the original solution is usually concentrated according to a certain multiple, that is, the concentrated solution. The concentration ratio is determined according to the demand, generally 100,200,1000 times, etc., and the concentrated nutrient solution can be guaranteed for 1 year or 2 years. The finished nutrient solution purchased on the market is usually concentrated. The release solution is that according to the multiple of concentration, the concentrated solution is diluted into the original solution by adding water, and if the concentrated solution is diluted 100 times, it can be restored to the concentration of the original solution, or according to the difference of plant species, growth potential, annual growth cycle and development period, dilute the concentrated solution to a certain multiple, such as diluting the 100-fold concentrated solution to 50 times to meet the needs of plant growth. The diluent can be kept in good quality for 2 to 6 months. 2) selection and purchase of concentrated finished products of nutrient solution at present, there are many kinds of nutrient solution on the market, and flower growers can choose and buy them according to the kinds of hydroponic plants. Nutrient solution type: according to the application of nutrient solution, it can be divided into single nutrient solution and comprehensive nutrient solution. There are foliage plant nutrient solution, fruit plant nutrient solution, flowering plant nutrient solution, and special nutrient solution in flowering plant nutrient solution, such as gentleman orchid nutrient solution, cyclamen nutrient solution and so on. Comprehensive nutrient solution, suitable for all types of plants. Key points of selection and purchase: when choosing and purchasing nutrient solution in the market, we should pay attention to the production date, effective date, manufacturer's name, address and contact number, as well as the instructions for the application of nutrient solution. Second, to see clearly whether there is precipitation in the finished product of the nutrient solution, we should choose and buy the nutrient solution without precipitation; if there is precipitation, it shows that some elements in the nutrient solution have been fixed and can not be absorbed and utilized by plants, so it is not suitable to buy. After the finished product of the nutrient solution is selected and purchased, it should be stored in a place with low temperature and dark light. two。 Pay attention to the use of nutrient solution the roots of hydroponic plants are directly and long-term immersed in the nutrient solution, so the concentration of the nutrient solution has a great impact on plant growth and development. Because the nutrient solution of hydroponic solution is not as strong as soil buffer, the surface of soil particles can absorb some nutrient elements, and the excess nutrients can be lost from the drainage holes at the bottom of flowerpots by watering, so it is not easy to damage the roots. In the water-soluble nutrient solution, all the nutrient elements are dissolved in water, and the excess will not be lost except absorbed by the root system, but will only accumulate. When the concentration reaches a certain amount, it will produce fertilizer damage to the root system, affect plant growth, and even lead to plant death. Therefore, nutrient solution should not be blindly applied or increased at will, lest the concentration of fertilizer solution is too high and affect growth, the application of nutrient solution should pay attention to the following points. Strictly follow the rules and requirements in the nutrient solution description book. Hydroponic plants, like soil-cultivated plants, must be fertilized regularly. The fertilization time should be in spring and autumn during the peak period of plant growth. Fertilization not only pays attention to concentration, but also takes into account plant habits, growth characteristics, plant types, and plant fertilizer tolerance. General plant root system is thicker, fertilizer tolerance is strong, fertilization can be thicker appropriately, such as synthetic fruit taro, tortoise back bamboo, ruby taro, emerald forest taro and so on. The root system is slender, the fertilizer tolerance is weak, and fertilization should be lighter, such as Sihai wave, colored leaf grass, duckfoot grass, begonia and so on. Plant type. Foliage plants are fertilized mainly by nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; if there are colored patches and stripes on the leaf surface, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, especially phosphate fertilizer, can make the color more attractive; potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be sprayed on the leaf surface. In the stage of flower bud differentiation and flower bud development, flowering plants should be dominated by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, supplemented by nitrogen fertilizer, 3. Harm and countermeasures of improper use of nutrient solution (1) harm caused by improper application of nutrient solution, such as branch and leaf weakness, leaf loss of luster, wilting, root rot, odor and so on. 2) take out the rotten root in time, change the rotten root from water soluble nutrient solution culture to clear water culture once a day and check the root system at the same time, cut off the rotten root again with scissors in time, and then transfer to nutrient solution culture after the new root grows. (5) hydroponic cultivation of plants for pest control does not require soil, which has fundamentally eliminated the breeding grounds for diseases and insect pests, mosquitoes and flies. However, plant hydroponics is not carried out in a vacuum environment. When indoor doors and windows are opened, all kinds of insects such as aphids and whiteflies fly in, and bacteria exist, move and reproduce in the indoor air. At the same time, indoor temperature, humidity and light are constantly changing, which will also cause damage to plants. Therefore, plants still need to pay attention to the occurrence and control of diseases and insect pests in the process of hydroponics.