Culture methods and key points of planting management of calla lilies

Pot culture and trough culture are usually used in calla culture. Potted plants generally choose short and compact white stalk species, safflower calla lilies and honeysuckle calla lilies. For large plants, tall green stalk species or yellow calla lilies can be selected. The calla lily with the harvest bud as the cut flower is suitable for trough culture.

Potted methods of calla lilies

1. Matching soil: the soil is required to be fertile, neutral or slightly acidic. It can be made by mixing 2 parts of fine broken pond soil (or clayey fine sand), 1 part of rotten leaf soil (or compost), and adding appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate and mature human and animal manure.

2. Reproduction: usually after flowering, the bulbs around the tubers are peeled and cultured for one year, and then blossom next year. Through the experiment, the root-tillering method can be used to blossom in the same year, and the specific method is as follows: from late June to early August, combined with changing pots, the well-developed ramets with roots are broken by hand (preferably without a knife) and planted in the prepared basin. If it is used as a cut flower, it can be planted with 2 or 3 ramets and placed in a cool place after planting. Using this method to propagate, it can blossom from September to October of that year.

Planting management of calla lilies

1. Nutrient solution management: the nutrient solution for soilless cultivation of calla can be formulated as follows: 800 grams of calcium nitrate, 210 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 250 grams of magnesium sulfate, 500 grams of potassium nitrate, 30 grams of ammonium nitrate, 10 grams of iron ethylenediamine tetraacetate, 2 grams of manganese sulfate, 1 gram of zinc sulfate, 1.3 grams of boric acid, 0.15 grams of copper sulfate and 0.1 grams of ammonium molybdate. In the initial stage of calla growth, the concentration of nutrient solution can be controlled at 1.2ms, and the concentration of nutrient solution can be appropriately increased to 1.5ms/cm in the middle and later stage of growth. During the whole growth period, the pH value of nutrient solution should be adjusted to 5.6-6.5. The supply of nutrient solution is mainly determined according to the weather conditions and plant size. Generally, the liquid is supplied 2 or 3 times a day to ensure that the cultivation substrate layer is moist and there is a shallow water layer at the bottom of the trough.

2. Cut flowers: the bud of calla lily Buddha has reached its maximum, curled and opened, it can be picked and cut. After picking and cutting, the upper part of each cut flower is wrapped in cellophane, graded in size and listed in a box; the transportation of fresh cut flowers should pay attention to its transportation because of its own characteristics to avoid damage caused by the transportation process. Long distance should be about 20 bundles as a transport unit, first loaded with plastic bags and then boxed for transportation, short-distance cost savings can only be used for large plastic bags should be fastened with adhesive tape and then bagged for transportation. In the process, it should be placed flat above the plane to avoid being squeezed and damaged by other objects.

Maintenance methods of calla lilies

1. Light and temperature. Calla lilies like warm, humid and slightly shaded environment, but the flowering period should be sunny, otherwise the flame bracts will be green, affecting the quality; it is necessary to ensure 3-5 hours of light every day, otherwise the petiole will elongate and affect the ornamental value. Calla lilies are not cold-resistant and will be moved to the greenhouse in mid-October. In summer, under the condition of shade, we often spray water to cool and moisturize.

2. Watering and fertilizing. Calla lilies like moist and fertile soil, which is often called "big fat and big water". They should be watered during their growth. Topdressing can be applied alternately with mature soybean cake water and chemical fertilizer (compound fertilizer or diammonium phosphate), once every 2 weeks; when topdressing liquid fertilizer, do not pour fertilizer and water into the leaf sheath to avoid rot. It was mentioned before: "stop fattening when you see the buds." After the experiment and comparison, the author thinks that the amount of fertilizer should be increased after seeing the bud, so as to ensure its long flowering period, large and colorful flowers, and make the buds blossom all the year round.

3. The use of phosphonium silicate. In potted calla, the application of ferrous sulfate is an important part of the author's experiment. The application of ferrous sulfate can make the leaves of calla lilies bigger, thicker, green, smooth and glossy. The petiole is not easy to elongate, so as to ensure the beauty of the leaves. At the same time, it can promote the formation of buds and prolong the florescence. The specific method is to dilute ferrous sulfate into a 2% solution and pour it once every one month, each time thoroughly.

Disease control of calla lotus

1. Common diseases of calla lilies

The common diseases of colored calla lilies are mainly bacterial diseases, fungal diseases and insect pests, and the common diseases are soft rot, root rot, leaf spot and leaf mold. The infected leaves and stems turn dark green, with necrotic and rotten spots, secrete mucus, and eventually the plant falls out. The tubers also began to rot and stink.

2. Prevention and control methods

The main diseases and insect pests of calla lilies are bacterial soft rot, aphids, red spiders and so on. Bacterial soft rot can harm leaves, petioles and tubers, which is mainly transmitted by tubers. Bordeaux solution can be used to control the disease at the beginning of the disease.

3. Disease prevention

When the plant does not grow well, it can cause infection through some small wounds. These bacteria can also secrete enzymes to dissolve the cell wall and penetrate the plant. If the plant is dry, the infected plant and the soil on which it grows should be carefully removed; it should be noted that the infected tubers should be picked out as early as possible before planting, and the sensitivity to Euclid infection varies from variety to variety. Generally speaking, yellow and orange varieties are more susceptible to infection than white and cream varieties. The best control method is to provide the plant with the best growth environment from beginning to end during cultivation, so that the growth environment for the development of colored calla should meet the following requirements without interference:

① provides enough moisture (do not plant too shallow; water when the soil dries)

The drainage performance of ② soil is better to prevent over-wetting.

③ avoids excessive temperature in the greenhouse, especially when the relative humidity is high.

④ prevents damage to plants and tubers (prevent wind damage to plants, be careful not to let herbicides affect plant growth, and be careful during harvest and handling)

⑤ prevents damage caused by other fungal diseases and pests [5]. (for example, damage caused by Pythium or Rhizoctonia may provide a port for the invasion of Erwinia)

⑥ should not use too much nitrogen fertilizer, because more than 150 grams of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare can easily cause Eucella infection.

⑦ tubers should be dried as soon as possible after harvest. If there is a delay in the first week after harvest, it will cause a lot of losses in the future. Fungal disease Rhizopus: this fungus causes root decay, limiting the absorption of water by plants; rotation and precise irrigation (and drainage) are important factors in preventing infection. Steam disinfect the soil and treat it with fungicides before planting.

Summary of culture methods and matters needing attention of calla lilies

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Calla lily, one of the most common plants and flowers in our daily life, is widely loved and welcomed by people because of its unique flower shape and elegant color. Nowadays, many people like to plant calla lilies at home, but because people don't know much about calla lilies culture methods and precautions, there are all kinds of problems. So what exactly are the calla lilies culture methods and matters needing attention? Next, let's take a look at the culture methods and points for attention of calla lilies.

Culture methods of calla lilies

1. Light temperature

Calla lotus prefers warm and slightly shaded growth environment, so in the process of breeding, the light and temperature of plants should be paid great attention to. In terms of light, calla lily is not very cold-resistant and sensitive to low temperature, so it is necessary to keep warm in late October every year. In terms of light, especially when flowers are in flowering time, the light should be sufficient and keep light for at least 3 to 5 hours a day, otherwise it is not conducive to the growth and ornamental of plant leaves and flowers.

2. Watering and fertilizing

Calla lilies are very fond of moist and fertile growing environment. In general, big fat and water are needed to raise calla lilies. Among them, big fat refers to the need to fertilize frequently, topdressing every two weeks, which is usually spent with rotten bean cake water or liquid fertilizer. And flood water is easier to understand, that is, more watering, calla lotus is very fond of wet plants and flowers, especially during the growth of more water demand, so daily breeding should be more watering, but not too much, the soil can be moist.

3. Use of ferrous sulfate

One thing must not be forgotten in calla culture, that is, the use of ferrous sulfate, especially in the process of potted calla culture, the application of ferrous sulfate is a very key link. Because ferrous sulfate is a special substance that can make calla lilies leaves larger, thicker and greener, as well as smooth and full of luster, it is necessary to apply ferrous sulfate once a month to maintain the beauty of calla lilies. 2% sulfuric acid solution can be applied each time.

Matters needing attention in the culture of calla lilies

1. Pay attention to low temperature drying

Calla lily is a kind of sensitive flower, which likes to grow in a warm and humid environment, and the cold tolerance of plants is poor, so the culture temperature can not be lower than 10 degrees Celsius in winter, so attention must be paid to avoid low temperature and dryness in the process of breeding. To learn to observe plant growth at all times, especially in the process of plant flowering, keep in mind that to keep the basin soil moist, it is often necessary to spray leaves with warm water, so as to provide a comfortable and healthy growth environment for calla lilies growth.

2. Pay attention to the lack of light

Light is a key thing when plants bloom. If there is not enough light, the flowers may be too dark, or the flower shape may be deformed and the number of flowers will decrease. Therefore, when calla lilies are in bloom, pay special attention to its lighting. Usually, calla lilies blossom around the Spring Festival, this period is still winter, lack of light, in order to maintain sufficient light, you can appropriately increase some auxiliary light to promote plant flowering.

3. Pay attention to poor ventilation

If the surrounding environment is poorly ventilated, bacteria and viruses will breed, which is extremely disadvantageous to the growth of plants. In the long run, plants are likely to have shell pests or soot, which is a serious threat to the growth and health of plants and flowers. Therefore, attention should be paid to maintaining good ventilation in breeding. At the same time, if there are these problems, it should be treated in time, if not many shell insects can be cleaned in time, if soot disease can be scrubbed with an appropriate amount of water.

Conclusion: it is not very difficult to cultivate calla lilies, we only need to pay attention to its temperature, light, watering and fertilization as far as possible, so friends who want to grow calla lilies can do it now.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of calla lilies: fertilization, reproduction and sowing

Calla lily is one of the new flowers this year. It is a perennial herb with fleshy tubers. Leaves basal, long-stalked, petioles generally twice as long as leaves. Apex acute, base truncated, entire, bright green, Buddha flame bracts white, shaped large, like horseshoe-shaped, hence the name calla lily. The fleshy inflorescence is bright yellow, standing upright in the center of the bud, with male flowers in the upper part and female flowers in the lower part. The natural flowering period is from November to June of the following year, the whole flowering period reaches 6-7 months, and it is in the peak flowering season. The following are the culture methods and matters needing attention of calla lilies:

Culture methods of calla lilies (daily culture)

The best propagation time: calla lilies enter the dormant period from June to July, when the bulbs around mature plants can be removed to cultivate new potted plants. The most suitable season for breeding is from August to September. Ramet reproduction must be in autumn, otherwise it is very difficult to blossom in that year, that is, flowering, flowering is also late.

The best growing soil: when calla was cultured, sandy loam soil was used as the main soil, garden soil and rotten leaves were mixed with 1 cm 3 each, and then mixed with 1 cm 5 organic fertilizer. Because the root system grows in the upper part of the sphere, the bottom of the basin soil should be covered with water-permeable slag or coarse-grained sand. With 1/3 of the garden soil and rotten leaves. And add a small amount of organic fertilizer.

Growth humidity requirements: calla lilies like moist and fertile soil.

The optimum growth temperature: the optimum growth temperature of calla lily is 2230 ℃. When the temperature is below 20 ℃, the growth rate of horseshoe will slow down. It may even stop growing. Calla lilies like a warm, humid environment, so pay special attention to keeping calla lilies warm during the winter. Avoid excessive temperature in the greenhouse, especially when the relative humidity is high.

The best growth light: calla lilies should pay attention to the light during flowering. Calla lilies "prefer long light to strong light", especially in summer. So to put it in a place with plenty of light, you can move to a distance from the window in summer. If the horseshoe lotus is not bright enough during the flowering period, it will only bud but not blossom, and even the bud will gradually turn green and shriveled. There is no need to shade the sun in spring and autumn.

Matters needing attention in calla lily culture

Fertilizer application: lack of fertilizer or excessive fertilization during the growth of calla lilies will cause yellow leaves, so pay attention to the application of base fertilizer (horseshoe slices are the best). Potted plant nutrients are limited, so it is necessary to apply thin fertilizer frequently and constantly supplement potted soil nutrients. Fertilizer and water should not be poured on the leaves when fertilizing, and the external aging leaves should be removed in time when they grow too fast. In summer, don't worry about all the withered and yellow leaves, take out the tubers to dry, store them, and plant them in autumn.

Main points of reproduction: calla lilies are mainly propagated by dividing balls. After the plant enters the dormant period, peel off the small balls around the tuber and plant it separately. It can also be sown and propagated, and the seeds can be sown in pots as soon as the seeds are ripe. The suitable temperature for germination is about 20 ℃.

Ramet: when the old leaves withered gradually after flowering from May to June, and when new leaves grew or changed pots in the middle of September, the small tubers around the mother plant were peeled off and put on the pot by stages. It usually blossoms 3 months after planting.

Sowing: indoor pot sowing is the main method, and the optimum temperature for germination is 18-24 ℃. After 15-20 days of sowing, the seedlings need to be cultivated for 3-4 years before they can blossom.

Pruning essentials: calla is a perennial herb that can blossom many times in a year. Cutting off the old leaves frequently can make them blossom many times.

Pot soil replacement: calla lilies in late June to early August, combined with changing pots, the well-developed large ramets with roots will be broken by hand (preferably without a knife) and planted in a prepared basin. If it is used as a cut flower, 2 or 3 more ramets can be planted and placed in a cool place. Using this method to propagate, it can blossom from September to October of that year.

Watering points: calla lilies are said to be "immortal calla lilies". Because they like a warm and humid environment and are not resistant to drought, the potted soil should be kept moist and should not be short of water. If the environment is dry, spray water to the ground and keep a small moist environment. It should be fully watered during the growth and flowering period. Keep the basin soil moist, but reduce the amount of water after flowering to facilitate dormancy.

Disease and pest control: the tuber of Zantedeschia is prone to rot during dormancy or storage. 1000-fold solution of acetic acid solution can be used to spray the surface of tuber and store it after drying. The pests were harmed by red spiders and thrips, which were sprayed with 1000 times of 50% ethyl acaryl alcohol and 4000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin EC, respectively.

Fumigation: calla lilies are afraid of smoking. In winter, be careful not to put flowerpots in the position of oil fumes near the kitchen, otherwise it is easy to lose leaves. Dwarf calla lilies have more ornamental value and can be done only with a little treatment in maintenance. In summer, when calla lilies enter the dormant period to change pots, sprinkle paclobutrazol with a small amount of fine soil around the plant, no pot for 10 to 15 grams, and then watering will be done! In a week or so, your plant will become small and exquisite!

Tips for culturing calla lilies

1. Calla lily's aversion to "smoke": calla lily is more sensitive to "smoke". Stove smoke, smoking will make calla lilies yellow leaves, falling flowers, poor growth.

2. Watering: provide enough water (do not plant too shallow; water when the soil dries).

3. Drainage: the drainage performance of the soil should be good to prevent the occurrence of over-wetness.

4. Prevent damage to plants and tubers: prevent wind damage to plants, be careful not to let herbicides affect plant growth, and be careful during harvest and treatment.

5. Prevention of fungal diseases and pests: for example, damage caused by Pythium or Rhizoctonia may provide a port for the invasion of Erwinia.