How to raise rose flowers? Pot culture methods and matters needing attention of rose flowers

Rose is known as the king of flowers, also known as "moon red", Rosaceae. Evergreen or semi-evergreen low shrub, flowering all seasons, red, or pink, occasionally white, can be used as an ornamental plant, can be used as a medicinal plant, also known as rose. The natural flowering period is from May to November, and the flowers are large and fragrant, widely used in horticulture and cut flowers. The main types of rose flowers are cut rose, edible rose, rattan rose, ground cover rose and so on.

Growth habit

Strong adaptability, not resistant to cold and high temperature, drought tolerance, not strict requirements for soil, but rich in organic matter, good drainage of microstrip acid sandy loam is the best. The basin soil is loose, the basin diameter is appropriate, the dry and wet is moderate, thin fertilizer is applied frequently, flowers are picked and pruned, diseases and insect pests are controlled, and the basin is changed every year. Like sunshine, but too much direct light is disadvantageous to bud development, petals are easy to scorch, like warmth, the general temperature is 22: 25 ℃, the most suitable temperature for flower growth, high temperature in summer is disadvantageous to flowering.

It needs sufficient sunshine, good ventilation, good drainage and shelter from the wind, and proper shade in midsummer. The optimum temperature of most varieties was 15: 26 ℃ in daytime and 10: 15 ℃ at night. It is hardy and dormant when the temperature is below 5 ℃ in winter. If the high temperature lasts more than 30 ℃ in summer, the flowering and quality of most varieties will decrease, and they will enter the state of half-rest.

General varieties can withstand the low temperature of-15 ℃. A slightly acidic soil rich in organic matter, fertile and loose is required, but it has a wide range of adaptation to the soil. The relative humidity of the air should be 75%-80%, but it can be slightly dry or wet. Having the characteristic of continuous flowering. Need to maintain good ventilation, no pollution, if poor ventilation is prone to powdery mildew, harmful gases in the air, such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine, fluoride and so on are toxic to rose flowers.

Breeding technology

Most of them adopt the method of cutting propagation, which can also be divided into plants and striped propagation. Cuttage can be carried out all the year round, but it is suitable for stem cutting in winter or autumn, and attention should be paid to water management and temperature control in summer. Otherwise, it is not easy to take root, winter cutting is generally carried out in the greenhouse or greenhouse, such as open-field cutting should pay attention to increase moisturizing measures. It is used for sexual cross breeding in order to sow and breed. For a small number of famous species that are difficult to take root, they should be propagated by grafting, and the rootstock should be wild rose. Such as yellow series varieties.

management

Rose transplantation is carried out between November and March of the following year, and pruning can be carried out at the same time, first cutting off dense branches and withered branches, and then cutting off old and weak branches, leaving 2 or 3 buds growing outward in order to spread out in all directions. Cut the especially strong branches properly to strengthen the growth of the weak branches. when the new branches grow too dense in summer, the upper part of the branches connected to the residual flowers should be cut off in time after each batch of flowers, so as not to make the seeds consume nutrients, and to retain the full branches in the middle and lower parts. promote early new branches to bloom again. Rose needs to re-apply basal flowers before flowering and then apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to strengthen seedlings to promote flowering. Rose has strict requirements on water, not too wet and too dry, too dry and withered, and too wet will hurt roots and leaves.

1. Florescence control

Rose, also known as "month red", blossoms continuously from May to November. However, it is still very important to control the florescence of rose during the Olympic Games, especially potted rose and cut rose. In order to successfully complete the temporary arrangement of flowers and the supply of cut flowers in various venues and stadiums during the Olympic Games.

In the actual work, according to the specific analysis of the specific situation, according to the geographical location, under the condition of ensuring continuous flowering, let it blossom more and blossom well from August 8 to 24. The following methods are for reference: around June 20, all the residual flowers and some of the blooming branches of the ground rose were pruned at the proportion of 50% to the round bud position of the mature part in the middle of the flower branch, and the flowering viewing period was about August 1-15; all the residual flowers and all blooming branches were pruned according to the above method around June 30, and the flowering viewing period was about August 10-25. Trim the residual flowers at any time after June 30 to make them bloom naturally. Potted rose and cut rose calculate the flowering date and conduct comprehensive branch pruning about 45 days before flowering.

Fertilizer and water management in the above various conditions of pruning, it is necessary to combine plant growth and carry out scientific fertilizer and water management. When the plant is pruned, 0.2% urea is used to spray fertilizer on the leaves every 5 or 6 days when the new generation of buds are not germinated, which can promote the germination of new buds; if the plant grows fast, the new branches grow rapidly, and when it is beyond the planned range, controlling water supply can delay the growth. In the process of water control, after the branches and leaves wilted, spraying water in time, it was critical to recover within 1 hour. Water is the carrier of various enzymes in plants. Water supply is insufficient, enzyme activity decreases, metabolism slows down, and plant growth slows down. If the budding of the new branch is later than planned, the bud grows rapidly when 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaf every 5 or 6 days. Rose flowering period to consume a lot of water and body nutrition, water supply should be adequate.

2. Flowering conditions

① sunshine must be long. Where the rose is planted, it should be ventilated and get sunshine for more than half a day. This is the first condition that it can blossom like flowers. If it is placed in a half-cloudy and half-sunny place or in a shady place with insufficient light, it can only bloom in spring and autumn at most in a year. Therefore, for families whose living conditions can not meet the requirements of light, it is best not to plant Chinese roses but to plant more shady flowers.

② should be trimmed frequently. Although the sunshine conditions are good, but without pruning for a long time, the rose can not grow well. The way to trim is. After December each year, the rose leaves should be pruned once. The branches left behind are about 15 cm high. The pruning site is about 1 cm above the outstretched leaf buds, and the side branches, diseased branches and concentric branches are removed at the same time. After May, every time the flower is finished, the 2-beat 3 or 1-stroke 2 of the branch that has bloomed will be trimmed, so that there will be more opportunities for flower bud regeneration. If you want the flowers to open big, you can also pick part of the buds when there are many buds, which can not only concentrate the nutrition, but also prolong the florescence and open in batches.

The times of fertilization in ③ should be more and timely. General new species or transplant potted rose, with humus and loose loess can be cultivated, it is best mixed with a small amount of broad bean shell, bean cake or chicken pigeon dung, so that the rose can constantly absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients from the soil. If the old potted rose needs to change pots, you can also apply base fertilizer according to the law; if you do not change pots, you can remove 2-3 cm of soil and fill in some fresh fish belly intestines or chicken pigeon dung and bean cake crumbs as base fertilizer. This is best done when the rose is dormant from January to February. In this way, the fertilizer will gradually ferment into liquid fertilizer, with Rain Water or irrigated water seeping into the root to achieve better results. It is the peak growing season of rose after May. Topdressing should be applied once every 10 days. The rotten and fermented fish juice and vegetable leaf juice can be mixed with 3 parts of fertilizer and 7 parts of water, and the fertilization will be stopped in November. If you can do it in accordance with the above requirements, you can see the flowers of the rose every month. Rose has a natural aversion to heat, it grows best when the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and it is difficult to grow when it is more than 30 degrees. If you have a good grasp of fertilization, you can overcome its weakness of being afraid of high temperatures in summer.

④, change the basin. Rose does not need to be changed or turned every year. If a small basin is changed into a large basin, it can be carried out all the year round.

Early spring management

In early spring, the roots of the rose begin to stretch in the soil. At this time, the most important nurturing work is pruning. The warm areas are in late February, while in the colder northern regions, the pruning work will be carried out from March to April. In general, pruning is about 1 stroke 3 of the plant height, the first is to cut off weak branches, diseased branches and dead branches. The new branches sent out by the plant in 2011 are the most vigorous, and such main branches are selected to leave a maximum of 5 branches. According to the original growth of the plant, it is generally pruned with branch pruning at about 50 cm from the ground and 1 cm above the robust bud. The so-called strong buds are along the ungerminated, plump, raised buds. In order not to make the buds grow into dense branches, the strong buds on the outside of the plant should be left. In addition, pruning should be carried out where the branches are full. The "cluck" sound made when trimming with scissors is the full part. If you feel the incision is soft, cut it down to a hard place. The aging parts of the branches of the plant are rough and protruding, during which there are no strong buds at all, so they should be cut off.

The middle part of the main branch in 2 ~ 3 years is the part where the new buds occur frequently, so only 10 cm to 20 cm can be left during pruning. Generally speaking, if you want to bloom more during the flowering period, you should cut it weakly. If you want to bloom well and don't ask for more flowers, you should cut them forcefully. In addition, the plants that are not growing well should be determined to cut strongly, because the root system of this plant is poorly developed, and if the crown is too large, it is easy to cause insufficient nutrient supply. It is best to do a high concentration disinfection at the same time of pruning which has a significant effect on the prevention of diseases and insect pests.

In order to tilt the pruned branches outward, props (sticks, etc.) can be used to fix the tree so that the shape of the tree is balanced and graceful and avoid friction between branches and leaves when the wind blows. The branches from the buds under the inclined branches are stronger and the flowers are luxuriant, so attention should be paid to the protection.

After awakening, the insects awakened from hibernation and began to move. At this time, 10 ml fenitrothion (insecticide) and 20 grams of wettable sulfur powder used to treat powdery mildew were dissolved in 10 liters of water, and the plants were sprayed with a fully dissolved concentrated solution. Because the rose has not yet grown leaves at this time, there is no need to worry about drug damage.

About 20 days after pruning, the buds begin to sprout, and the weak buds are often eliminated naturally in the process of budding. In order to make the flowers bloom well, it is necessary to leave buds according to the thickness of the main branches, 3-4 buds for thick branches, 1-2 buds for pencil branches, and get rid of the rest. In cold weather areas, sprouting is relatively late, and debudding time can be postponed.

If base fertilizer has been applied in December, you can avoid topdressing in early spring and sprinkle an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer around the root to accelerate budding. After the bud is drawn, if the surface is dry on a sunny day, it can be irrigated in the morning or before noon in order not to freeze the surface.

Summer management

As soon as the flowering period of potted rose is over, it enters a hot and humid summer, and most of them are dormant and semi-dormant. Strengthening the management of summer potted rose and rejuvenation and maintenance can break the dormancy period and make it blossom continuously throughout the summer. The main management measures are as follows:

1. Shade and ventilation. The soil of potted rose is limited, and it is easy to dry out in hot weather, so it is necessary to give shade and cool the rose. It is best to put the potted flowers in the ventilated place under the trees or scaffolding from 8 am to 4 pm to make the potted flowers receive scattered light and create suitable environmental conditions for rose to grow and blossom.

2. Apply more fertilizer and water. Rose blossoms many times, need to provide adequate nutrients and water, in order to ensure exuberant growth. In summer, its evaporation and consumption are large and grow rapidly. during flowering, thin fertilizer should be applied every 10 days, and bean cakes and poultry dung can also be soaked in water and mixed with water after closed fermentation to make the plant blossom and flourish and break the dormancy state of rose in summer. Watering should use sunburned water to reduce the temperature difference between basin soil and water, such as using ultra-cold water, it will stimulate the root system and affect the normal development of the plant.

3. Spray more water. In addition to proper shading in summer, more water should be sprayed, preferably in the morning and afternoon, to create a humid environment and promote the growth of flowers and leaves.

4. Thinning and pruning. After flowering, the rose should be cut under the third compound leaf under the flower to promote strong new branches and bud and blossom as soon as possible. The weak short branches should be cut first and cut high, while the strong branches should be cut after cutting, so as to promote the weak and suppress the strong and promote its blooming neatly. The pruning length of long branches should not exceed 1/2 to avoid slow germination of axillary buds. In addition, there should not be too many flowers in each crop, and 3-5 potted roses are suitable. Leave too many flowers, nutrients are too scattered, flowers are small and affect the next stubble flowers.

5. Loosen the soil and weed. Combined with the removal of basin weeds, fine wire rakes can be used to gently break the surface of the soil around the flowerpot to enhance the loose ventilation performance of the basin soil and promote the normal growth of the root system.

6. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Flowerpot placement site should often use 15% raw lime water or carbendazim, potassium permanganate aqueous solution spray sterilization. The high temperature in the rainy season from July to August is the high incidence period of leaf spot and powdery mildew. Baume 0.3: 0.5 degree stone-sulfur mixture can be sprayed once a week for a total of 2 times. The larvae of longicorn beetles were found to be harmful from June to July, and the branches should be cut off immediately. Once other leaf-eating pests are found, they should be sprayed with 800 times monocrotophos, which can kill eggs and larvae.

Rose flower culture pay attention to rose pot culture

In the case of limited living space, many people will also raise some green plants indoors to enhance indoor appreciation. Rose flower is a potted plant that many flower lovers like to breed. It can produce very bright flowers and can be very beautiful when cultivated indoors. So, how to do rose flower culture?

Rose culture potted rose generally has the growth characteristics such as shade, dampness and waterlogging, fat and so on. Therefore, it is the basis to maintain potted rose according to the characteristics conducive to the growth of rose. Like shade and avoid shade, although rose is a flower accustomed to plenty of sunshine, due to the particularity of potted rose, if exposed to the sun for too long, it may lead to withered branches of rose, especially the high-rise balcony, so it should be properly shaded, but it can not be thoroughly maintained in the shade; wet bogey, keeping the soil slightly moist is conducive to plant growth, but can not be watered because of moisturizing, which will lead to waterlogging. Like fat taboo, rose is like fat flowers, but be sure not to use a large number of raw fertilizer (that is, no mature organic fertilizer). Rose pot culture pay attention to 1, select a suitable flowerpot, the size of the rose flowerpot should be commensurate with the plant size, the flowerpot should not be too small, when the plant grows to the rhizome stuffed with flowerpot, the flowerpot should be replaced in time to meet the needs of continued development of the rhizome. 2. Adequate sunshine and ventilation should be maintained. Rose flowers like the sun, but need to avoid too strong direct sunlight, when the summer noon sun is too strong, need to give some shelter. If the rose is put indoors, to open the doors and windows, maintain ventilation, if poor ventilation is easy to cause powdery mildew. 3. Prune the branches and leaves in time. After the flowers fade, the upper part of the branches connected to the residual flowers should be subtracted in time to promote early new branches and blossom again. If it is found that there are branches with particularly strong growth, they should be cut short properly to avoid consuming too much nutrients and affecting the growth of other branches. When the growth is too dense in summer, it should also be pruned properly. 4. it is necessary to apply more fertilizer in the flowering period, because the rose blossoms more times and needs more fertilizer, so it should be fertilized every ten days during the flowering period from May to October, and less fertilization should be applied in winter, or even stop fertilizing. 5. Watering more during the growing period, the plant consumes more water during the growing period, and the summer weather is hot, and the water evaporates quickly, so it is necessary to water once every morning and evening to keep enough water. If you encounter a rainy day, you can reduce watering appropriately. But potted rose should be paid special attention not to accumulate water. 6. timely prevention of diseases and insect pests. The main diseases and insect pests of Chinese rose are black spot, powdery mildew, leaf blight, beetle, diamondback moth and so on. Fungicides can be sprayed regularly in high temperature, high humidity, overcast and rainy seasons, and appropriate spraying can be applied according to the situation in winter dormancy period. Most rose plants are cultivated indoors by pot culture, which is completely different from the matters needing attention and methods of open field cultivation, and can not be treated with open field cultivation. Remind everyone that rose potted plants are more delicate and should be taken care of carefully.

How to cultivate Chinese rose culture methods and matters needing attention

Rose flowers in four seasons, colorful and diverse, known as the queen of flowers, is a very common household ornamental plant. Next, I would like to introduce the methods and matters needing attention of rose culture.

Culture method of Chinese rose

1. Temperature:

Chinese rose is a kind of flower that likes warmth, is afraid of heat and has good cold resistance, so when we breed, the temperature should be controlled at 16-25 degrees during the day and 11-16 degrees at night.

two。 Lighting:

Rose flowers should have sufficient light, smooth air drainage, and choose an environment to avoid the wind, which can give rose flowers shade, but they can not be placed in dark and damp places, which are easy to wither.

3. Soil moisture:

Rose flowers like to be moist, so keep the soil and air moist every day, preferably at 70%, 80%, keep the soil fertile, loosen the soil often, and have good drainage.

4. Watering and fertilizing:

May is the peak season of the rose, the watering principle is not dry, watering should be thoroughly watered, the proportion of fertilization should be compared with 3 parts of fertilizer and 7 parts of water, about once every 10 days, fermented meat juice can be used, and fertilization can be stopped in November.

5. Prune branches and leaves:

Chinese rose usually begins to prune the remnant flowers and leaves in the middle and last ten days of May, so as to concentrate nutrition to let the new buds sprout, do not cut too much, and prune them at about the length of the nails above the new buds, which is conducive to growth.

6. Reproduction and cultivation:

The vitality of the rose is very strong. If you want to cultivate it separately, you can cut off the branches of the rose about 10-15 cm, and then insert them into a small flowerpot or nutrition bowl, where the temperature is about 20 degrees and the light is weak for several days. Wait for rooting and sprouting, and then transplant into a large flowerpot.

7. Weeding and loosening the soil:

The weeds on the rose potted surface can be brushed on the surface with a thin wire rake to remove weeds and loosen the soil at the same time, so that the root system of the rose grows faster.

8. Prevention of insect diseases:

For the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in rose flowers, 15% quicklime can be sprayed with water, or sterilized liquid can be used. Rose flowers are prone to disease from July to August of the year. During this period, prevention and control should be strengthened, timely inspection and control should be carried out every week, chemicals should be sprayed 2-3 times a week to prevent diseases, and diseased branches and leaves should be cut off in time.

Matters needing attention in rose culture

Choose a suitable flowerpot, the size of the flowerpot should be commensurate with the plant size, and the flowerpot should not be too small. When the plant grows up to fill the flowerpot with the rhizome, the flowerpot should be replaced in time to meet the needs of the continued development of the rhizome.

Adequate sunshine and good ventilation should be maintained. Rose flowers like the sun, but need to avoid too strong direct sunlight, when the summer noon sun is too strong, need to give some shelter. If the rose is put indoors, to open the doors and windows, maintain ventilation, if poor ventilation is easy to cause powdery mildew.

Prune the branches and leaves in time, and after the flowers fade, the upper part of the branches connected to the residual flowers should be subtracted in time to promote early new branches and blossom again. If it is found that there are branches with particularly strong growth, they should be cut short properly to avoid consuming too much nutrients and affecting the growth of other branches. When the growth is too dense in summer, it should also be pruned properly.

It is necessary to apply more fertilizer in the flowering period, because the rose blossoms more times and needs more fertilizer, so it should be fertilized every ten days during the flowering period from May to October, less fertilization should be applied in winter, or even stop fertilization.

More watering during the growing period, plants consume more water during the growing period, coupled with hot summer weather, water evaporation is faster, so it is necessary to water once every morning and evening to keep sufficient water, and if you encounter rainy days, you can reduce watering appropriately. But potted rose should be paid special attention not to accumulate water.

Prevent diseases and insect pests in time, the main diseases and insect pests of rose are black spot, powdery mildew, leaf blight, beetle, diamondback moth and so on. Fungicides can be sprayed regularly in high temperature, high humidity, overcast and rainy seasons, and appropriate spraying can be done in winter dormancy period.