Introduction to planting conditions and cultivation techniques of hyacinth

Hyacinth flowers are rich in color, after a long period of hybridization and breeding cultivation, hyacinth gradually produced some special double varieties. Xinzi buries the heart, its flower language is: sad love, eternal remembrance, etc., is a common species of hydroponic flowers and trees, now the breeding methods of hyacinth are introduced as follows.

Culture conditions of hyacinth

1. Planting balls. The nutrients needed for hyacinth flowering are mainly supplied by the nutrients stored in the bulbs and leaves, as long as the bulbs with no damage to the epidermis, fleshy scales, hard, heavy and full bulbs are selected to produce rich and beautiful flowers.

2. Soil. It requires fertile soil, high content of organic matter, good aggregate structure and pH value 6-7. The culture soil can be prepared according to the ratio of rotten leaf soil 5 ∶ garden soil 3 ∶ coarse sand 1.5 ∶ bone powder 0.5. Before planting, chemical agents such as formalin can be used to cover the soil surface immediately after applying formalin at a soil temperature of 10-15 ℃. After 3 days of warm weather, remove the film and plant it after 1 day to keep the soil moist.

3. Light. Hyacinth only needs more than 5000Lx to maintain normal physiological activity. If the light is too weak, the plant will be thin, the stem is too long, the bud is small, the flowers are early, and the leaves are yellow. incandescent lamps can be used to fill the light at about 1 meter, but too strong light will also cause leaves and petals to burn or shorten the flowering period.

4. Temperature. When the temperature is too high, even higher than 35 ℃, the flower bud differentiation will be inhibited, the abnormal growth will occur, and the blind flower rate will increase; if the temperature is too low, the flower bud will be frozen.

5. Humidity. The soil moisture should be kept between 60% and 70%, which is too high. If the root absorption is inhibited and perishable, if it is too low, the aboveground part will wilt or even die; the air humidity should be kept at about 80%, and the humidity can be increased by spraying and spraying water on the ground. Ventilation and other methods can also be used to reduce humidity.

Propagation methods of hyacinth

Mainly to divide the ball reproduction, breeding with seeds, can also be propagated with bulbs. One year after the mother ball was planted, it gave birth to 1 or 2 seed balls, and some varieties could give birth to more than ten seed balls. It can be used for bulb reproduction, which takes 3 years to blossom. The seeds propagate, sow in autumn, germinate in February of the following year, and the seedlings blossom after 4 or 5 years of culture.

1. Reproduce by dividing balls

After digging up the bulb in June, separate the big ball from the seed ball. "the big ball can blossom in early spring next year after autumn planting, and the seed ball needs to be cultivated for 3 years before it can blossom. Due to the low natural bulbbing rate of hyacinth, the mother plant can only produce 1-2 bulbs after planting for one year. In order to improve the reproduction coefficient, castration can be used to stimulate the bulbs to grow in summer dormancy.

In August, when the flower bud has been formed, the stem disk at the bottom of the bulb is evenly dug out, so that the wound at the stem disk is concave, and then cut vertically and horizontally from the bottom to the top, showing a cross incision until it reaches the center of the bud in the bulb. at this time, there will be mucus outflow, apply 0.1% mercury water to smear and disinfect, then expose it to the hot sun for 1 hour and 2 hours, and then spread it indoors. The room temperature is kept at about 21 ℃ to produce callus. When the base of the scale expands, the temperature gradually rises to 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 85%, and many small bulbs are formed in about three months. The bulblet culture induced by this method blossomed for 3 ~ 4 years.

2. Seed propagation

It is often used in the cultivation of new varieties, sowed in the culture soil in the cold bed in autumn, covered with soil of 1 cm, and germinated at the end of January and the beginning of February of the following year. The bulbs cultured from seedlings blossom after 4-5 years. Under general conditions, the germination ability of seeds can be maintained for 3 years.

Cultivation techniques of hyacinth

Hyacinth should choose well drained, not too dry sandy loam, neutral to slightly alkaline, before planting to apply sufficient base fertilizer, field cultivation, avoid continuous cropping. Cultivation methods include open field cultivation, pot cultivation, facilitative cultivation and water culture.

1. Land cultivation

It is suitable to be carried out from October to November, and the selection of soil with good drainage is the most important condition. Before planting, apply enough base fertilizer, add a thin layer of sand, and then line up the bulbs, 15 cm ~ 18 cm apart and 5 cm ~ 8 cm covered with soil. And cover with grass to keep the soil loose and moist. Generally, there is no other management before flowering. If seeds are not to be collected after flowering, the flower stem should be cut off to promote bulb development. The cutting position should be in the uppermost part of the flower stem as far as possible. The bulb roots can be dug up in early June, spread out and stored in cold storage, and the summer temperature should not exceed 28 ℃.

2. Potted plant technology

With loam, rotten leaf soil, fine sand and other mixed nutrition soil, generally 10 cm diameter potted one ball, 15 cm caliber potted 2cm 3 balls, and then buried in the pot, the overlying soil 10 cm ~ 15 cm, after 7-8 weeks, buds grow to more than 10 cm, go to cover the soil to make the sun shine, generally planted in October-November, flowering in March.

3. Aquaculture technology

Hyacinth aquaculture requires that the water level should have 1~2cm space from the chassis of the bulb, so that the root system can be breathable and sucked. It is strictly forbidden to fill the bottom of the bulb with water. Put the seed head in a wide-mouthed glass bottle in December and add a little charcoal to help with disinfection and antisepsis. The head of the hyacinth is only dipped to the bottom of the ball. Then put it in a dark place and cover the bottle with a black cloth.

If you use fresh water to change the water every 7 days, if you use hydroponic nutrient solution, change the nutrient solution every 10 to 15 days depending on the degree of turbidity, no matter how to keep the water quality in the bottle clean. Hyacinth can be kept in a special gourd-like glass bottle, and its flower clusters can be seen in the upper paragraph.

Hyacinth should not be exposed to direct sunlight before germination, but should be placed in a bright, well-ventilated and sunny position after germination, so as to facilitate its growth. At first, it shines for an hour or two a day, and then gradually increases to seven or eight hours. if the weather does not change much, it may blossom during the Spring Festival, and a bunch of stout white roots can be seen in the second paragraph. This kind of flower and root luxuriant scene, with the exception of Cymbidium, other flowers and plants are difficult to see.

Control of diseases and insect pests of hyacinth

The prevention and control of hyacinth diseases should be based on strengthening management, active prevention and comprehensive control. Due to the short growth period of hyacinth in greenhouse, diseases mainly occur. The common diseases of hyacinth are bud rot, soft rot, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and virus. Before planting, the matrix was strictly disinfected, the bulbs were cleaned and disinfected, and 1000 times of thalidomide or chlorothalonil was sprayed every 7 days during the growth period, which could inhibit the spread of bacteria to a certain extent. Strictly controlling the amount of water pouring, strengthening ventilation management, controlling the air relative humidity in the environment, and timely removal of central diseased plants can greatly reduce the incidence.

1. Grey mold

In the early stage of the disease, the susceptible leaf tip changed color, and the leaf wrinkled and rotted. Under cold and wet conditions, the flowers also rot. In the later stage of the disease, the disease produced gray mildew layer and black sclerotia. The pathogen overwintered with sclerotia in the disease residue and soil, and the conidia were produced under suitable conditions, and the conidia were infected by wind and rain. Low temperature and high humidity are beneficial to the occurrence of diseases.

[chemical control] at the initial stage of the disease, spray 1vl 100 Bordeaux solution, or 65% Dyson zinc wettable powder 500 times 800 times solution, or 50% benzoate wettable powder 1000 times solution, or spot rust clear 800 times solution spray control.

2. Root nodule disease

Hyacinth root swelling disease is also called root nodule disease. The root system is normal at the beginning, when it elongates to a certain degree, it produces small white tumor, the growth weakens, and sometimes the floret dry rot occurs, which affects the growth and development, and the whole plant dies when it is serious.

[prevention and control methods]

① storage period strict disinfection and sterilization, pay attention to strengthen ventilation, frequent inspection, frequent turning, found that the diseased plants were picked up and burned in time.

② strictly carried out soil disinfection and sterilization, no continuous cropping and no repeated application of cultivated soil.

During the cultivation of ③, the diseased plants were removed in time, and the soil was killed and sterilized.

④ strictly quarantines, does not make the disease ball disease plant eight nurseries.

How to grow hyacinth? Planting methods and cultivation techniques of hyacinth

Planting methods and cultivation techniques of hyacinth

Planting and spreading

The Netherlands is the main producer of hyacinth, and the planting of hyacinth was very popular in the 18th century, with more than 2000 recorded varieties at that time. Hyacinth was used for garden cultivation in England in 1596.

It has been widely cultivated and bred in Europe since the 18th century. So far, the Netherlands, France, Britain and Germany have promoted the production of hyacinth to industrialization. Among them, the Netherlands has the largest production volume and sells well all over the world.

In 1995, the output value of hyacinth potted flowers was 12.2 million US dollars, ranking 19th in Dutch potted flower production. The Dutch company Phytonova is the main base for hyacinth breeding, production and trade. Up to now, hyacinth has been widely cultivated all over the world, and the demand is increasing year by year. The cultivation of hyacinth in China began at the end of the 19th century, mainly in coastal cities, but it is not common.

Since the 1950s, there has been a small amount of cultivation in botanical gardens and parks around the world, which are used for ornamental flower beds. It was not until the 1980s that hyacinth developed greatly all over the country and was widely used in spring flower shows and potted plant sales. So far, the cultivation of hyacinth has begun to enter the indoor decoration and display of families and public places, and the demand is increasing year by year. However, China has not yet been able to breed on its own and needs to be introduced from abroad.

Potted hyacinths prefer warm and humid winters, cool, slightly dry summers, sunny or semi-overcast environments. Like fertilizer, suitable for fertile, well-drained sandy loam, avoid too wet or sticky soil. During the growth of hyacinth, the root growth of bulb was the best when the temperature was 2-6 ℃. The optimum temperature for bud germination was 5: 10 ℃, the optimum temperature for leaf growth was 5: 12 ℃, and the most favorable temperature for budding and flowering was 15: 18 ℃. The storage temperature of bulb is 20-28 ℃, and the optimum storage temperature is 25 ℃, which is the most ideal for flower bud differentiation. Can withstand short-term frost.

Cultivation techniques

Pot, choose loose soil with good drainage, apply sufficient basic fertilizer, plant the seed head into the basin in October, plant 1 ball in each small pot, then cover the soil with a depth of 5-8 cm, and keep the soil moist after planting. At the same time, pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It will blossom after about 120 days, and fertilize once before and after flowering. After the plant withered in June, the bulbs were dug up, dried and stored in the room where the temperature did not exceed 28 ℃.

Hyacinth should choose well drained, not too dry sandy loam, neutral to slightly alkaline, before planting to apply sufficient base fertilizer, field cultivation, avoid continuous cropping. Cultivation methods include open field cultivation, pot cultivation, facilitative cultivation and water culture.

Terrestrial cultivation

It is suitable to be carried out from October to November, and the selection of soil with good drainage is the most important condition. Before planting, apply enough base fertilizer, add a thin layer of sand, and then line up the bulbs, 15 cm ~ 18 cm apart and 5 cm ~ 8 cm covered with soil. And cover with grass to keep the soil loose and moist. Generally, there is no other management before flowering. If seeds are not to be collected after flowering, the flower stem should be cut off to promote bulb development. The cutting position should be in the uppermost part of the flower stem as far as possible. The bulb roots can be dug up in early June, spread out and stored in cold storage, and the summer temperature should not exceed 28 ℃.

Potted plant

With loam, rotten leaf soil, fine sand and other mixed nutrition soil, generally 10 cm diameter potted one ball, 15 cm caliber potted 2cm 3 balls, and then buried in the pot, the overlying soil 10 cm ~ 15 cm, after 7-8 weeks, buds grow to more than 10 cm, go to cover the soil to make the sun shine, generally planted in October-November, flowering in March.

Aquaculture

Hyacinth aquaculture requires that the water level should have a space of 1-2CM from the chassis of the bulb, so that the roots can be breathable and sucked. It is strictly forbidden to fill the bottom of the bulb with water. Put the seed head in a wide-mouthed glass bottle in December and add a little charcoal to help with disinfection and antisepsis. The head of the hyacinth is only dipped to the bottom of the ball. Then put it in a dark place and cover the bottle with a black cloth. If you use fresh water to change the water every 7 days, if you use hydroponic nutrient solution, you will change the nutrient solution every 15 days according to the degree of turbidity, no matter how to keep the water quality in the bottle clean. Hyacinth can be kept in a special gourd-like glass bottle, and its flower clusters can be seen in the upper paragraph.

Hyacinth should not be exposed to direct sunlight before germination, but should be placed in a bright, well-ventilated and sunny position after germination, so as to facilitate its growth. At first, it shines for an hour or two a day, and then gradually increases to seven or eight hours. if the weather does not change much, it may blossom during the Spring Festival, and a bunch of stout white roots can be seen in the second paragraph. This kind of flower and root luxuriant scene, with the exception of Cymbidium, other flowers and plants are difficult to see.

Key points of hyacinth aquaculture:

1. There must be a gap of 2-3mm between the seed ball and the water surface.

2. It is best to keep the temperature at 9-10 degrees during shading, so that the roots will grow quickly.

3. It is best to keep the temperature above 17 degrees when flowering.

Hyacinth can be cultivated by water like Chinese daffodils. Select a large and full seed ball, put it in a shallow basin and fix it with pebbles, and inject clear water, the amount of water is limited to not touching the bottom of the bulb. Put it in a dark and cold place, room temperature 5: 10 ℃. Darkness helps to root, and roots can grow in about a month. After the root system is fully grown, move to the bright place where there is no direct light, the temperature is controlled at 10: 13 ℃, and the water is changed once every 2-3 days to keep the water clean. After the leaves grow, gradually increase the light, after budding can accept direct light, but we should pay attention to often change the direction of light, so that leaves and stems grow strong and straight, to prevent askew to one side. The temperature gradually rises to about 20 ℃ and the water is changed every 3-4 days until the flowers fade. Then cut off the flower stem, take out the bulb and plant it in a basin to enrich the bulb. When the leaves are withered, dig out the bulbs and collect them, and they can be rejuvenated in the basin in autumn and should not be raised in water.

Facilitative cultivation

After late July, the bulbs were treated with low temperature of 8 ℃ for 75 days, then potted in early October and cultivated in greenhouse to make them blossom at the end of the year. As the sensitivity of cultivated varieties varies greatly, the varieties suitable for promoting cultivation should be selected when promoting cultivation.

Seed selection

The nutrients needed for hyacinth flowering are mainly supplied by the nutrients stored in the bulbs and leaves. As long as we choose the bulbs that have no damage to the epidermis, fleshy scales are not too wrinkled, hard and heavy, and full, we can produce rich and beautiful flowers.

Soil requirement

It requires fertile soil, high content of organic matter, good aggregate structure and pH value 6-7. The culture soil can be prepared according to the ratio of rotten leaf soil 5 ∶ garden soil 3 ∶ coarse sand 1.5 ∶ bone powder 0.5. Before planting, chemical agents such as formalin can be used to cover the soil surface immediately after applying formalin at a soil temperature of 10-15 ℃. After 3 days of warm weather, remove the film and plant it after 1 day to keep the soil moist.

Light

Hyacinth only needs more than 5000Lx to maintain normal physiological activity. If the light is too weak, the plant will be thin, the stem is too long, the bud is small, the flowers are early, and the leaves are yellow. incandescent lamp can be used to fill the light at about 1 meter, but too strong light can also cause leaves and petals to burn or shorten the flowering period.

Temperature and humidity regulation

When the temperature is too high, even higher than 35 ℃, the flower bud differentiation will be inhibited, the abnormal growth will occur, and the blind flower rate will increase; if the temperature is too low, the flower bud will be frozen.

The soil moisture should be kept between 60% and 70%, which is too high. If the root absorption is inhibited and perishable, if it is too low, the aboveground part will wilt or even die; the air humidity should be kept at about 80%, and the humidity can be increased by spraying and spraying water on the ground. Ventilation and other methods can also be used to reduce humidity.

This paper introduces the planting method of hyacinth and the matters needing attention in cultivating hyacinth.

Hyacinth, with beautiful legends, symbolizes a good love story. There are many kinds of classification, of course, there will be many colors, different colors have different colors. It also has many uses. It can be used as a bouquet for the bride when getting married. What are the planting methods of hyacinth and what aspects should be paid attention to?

Soil

Hyacinth should choose sandy loam with good drainage and not too dry, which requires fertile soil, high content of organic matter, good aggregate structure, neutral to slightly alkaline, pH 6-7. The culture soil can be prepared according to the ratio of rotten leaf soil 5 ∶ garden soil 3 ∶ coarse sand 1.5 ∶ bone powder 0.5. Before planting, chemical agents such as formalin can be used to cover the soil surface immediately after applying formalin at a soil temperature of 10-15 ℃. After 3 days of warm weather, remove the film and plant it after 1 day to keep the soil moist. Before planting, we should apply enough base fertilizer, cultivate in the field, and avoid continuous cropping.

Light

Hyacinth only needs more than 5000Lx to maintain normal physiological activity. If the light is too weak, the plant will be thin, the stem is too long, the bud is small, the flowers are early, and the leaves are yellow. incandescent lamp can be used to fill the light at about 1 meter, but too strong light can also cause leaves and petals to burn or shorten the flowering period.

Humidity

Soil moisture should be kept between 60-70%, too high, root respiration is inhibited and perishable, and if it is too low, the aboveground part wilts or even dies; the air humidity should be kept at about 80%, and can be increased by spraying and watering the ground. Ventilation and other methods can also be used to reduce humidity.

Temperature

When the temperature is too high, even higher than 35 ℃, the flower bud differentiation will be inhibited, the abnormal growth will occur, and the blind flower rate will increase; if the temperature is too low, the flower bud will be frozen. Its bulb needs to be maintained at low temperature for a period of time, otherwise it will not produce high-quality flowers and stems of sufficient length. The growth process of hyacinth includes a leaf formation stage, a flower formation stage and an elongation stage. Promote the flowering of the bulb by early flower formation and providing the most effective period of low temperature. This is why hyacinths grown in the Mediterranean tend to blossom early. Leaf formation can be accelerated by keeping a higher temperature in the bulb planting stage, so the flower formation stage is also earlier.

The above is what I have sorted out for you about hyacinth planting. I hope it will be helpful to you. Please continue to follow the succulent flower bed for more information.