Cultivation Technology of Barley Worm

The barley worm, also known as the super yellow powder bug, is a kind of larva of the family Carabidae. The maximum body length of mature larvae of barley insects is about 6cm, and its nutritional value is far higher than that of other insects of similar subjects. Barley worms are used as an important live bait in overseas professional fish farms and high-grade pet breeding farms. With the rapid development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for high-quality animal protein is increasing. Livestock and poultry production must also develop rapidly. However, due to the lack of protein resources, the development of animal husbandry is affected. Therefore, at present, many countries regard artificial breeding of insects as the main direction to solve the source of protein feed.

Barley worm culture preparation

1. The environmental conditions of barley insects: barley insects adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, but there is an optimal range. Among all the environmental factors, temperature has the greatest effect on its growth and development. Therefore, controlling barley insects under the optimal temperature for growth and development is a favorable guarantee to achieve high yield and stability of barley insects. Requirements of environmental conditions for the growth and development of barley insects. Every month, quicklime should be used in the corner of the site, and the walkway should be disinfected for 2 days.

2. Barley worm breeding equipment: barley worm culture must have the following basic feeding equipment.

① barley worm breeding site: barley worm culture can make full use of idle houses to form a certain yield scale. The room used must plug the holes and cracks in the corner of the wall, flatten the floor with cement and paint it fresh in order to prevent rats, kill ants, block geckos and keep it clean. The site should be soaked with potassium permanganate before use. 10-0.002 disinfection

② barley worm standard feeding plate: industrial scale production requires consistent feeding equipment specifications in order to determine the technological process and technical parameters. According to years of breeding experience, our company preliminarily defines the barley worm feeding box as follows: outer diameter 80 cm long, 40 cm wide, 10 to 12 cm high, inner diameter 78.5 cm long, 38.5 cm wide, 12 cm high. Three or five rubber plates can be used on the bottom of the feeding plate. It can ensure that the larvae and adults of barley insects will not climb out along the wall.

③ barley worm rack: in order to improve the utilization rate of the production site, our company recommends that the length of the rack is 4 meters, the height is 2 meters, and the width is 40 minutes. In order to be practical and reduce costs, in rural areas, according to specific conditions, measures to local conditions, under the premise of ensuring the standard size, self-design.

④ barley worm isolation screen: 20 mesh, 40 mesh, 50 mesh barley wire mesh or nylon wire mesh were prepared respectively, and the frame was made of 1 cm thick wood to separate larvae and insect droppings.

⑤ barley worm spawning plate: the specification of the spawning plate is the same as that of the standard feeding plate.

⑥ other: also need to prepare thermometers, hygrometers, old newspapers or brown paper and cleaning equipment

3. Barley worm feed

① barley worm concentrate formula: barley worm is omnivorous insect. The concentrate can be prepared with wheat bran, corn flour, flour, bean dregs, fine rice bran and white rice bran. Green fodder can use vegetable leaves, melon peel, radish, potato, pumpkin, sweet potato and so on.

② feed-sawdust (industrial and agricultural organic waste resources)

Both the larvae and adults of barley insects like to eat dry feed, and the feed water content should be about 15%. The remaining population was fed with fermented wheat bran or other concentrate throughout the process. The production population was fed with fermented wheat bran (0.2 jin) within 10 days after hatching, then fed with fermented bran powder for 30 days (2.5 jin), and then fed with fermented wheat bran for 10 days (0.3 jin).

4. breeding of improved varieties of barley insects: in any aquaculture or planting industry, the effect of varieties on production is huge. Variety effect is also very important in barley worm production. Barley worm culture or industrial barley worm culture cannot be carried out without a good provenance.

5. Barley insect epidemic prevention: ① breeding rooms must strictly guard against natural enemies such as ants, flies, cockroaches, rats, geckos and so on. ② appliances should be sterilized every month. It is forbidden to put pesticides in ③ room. ④ removes dead worms in time to avoid mildew and deterioration leading to epidemics. ⑤ forbids stagnant water in the feed or water droplets in the feeding plate. Prevention of ⑥ disease.

Culture techniques of barley insects

1. Barley worm larva

The growth period of barley worm larvae is generally 120-180 days, the optimum temperature and humidity is 90-120 days, the average growth period is 100 days, generally 10-15 instar.

The larvae of barley insects have the same habits as adults, but different diets directly affect the growth and development of the larvae. Reasonable feed formula and better nutrition can promote the feeding of barley worm larvae, accelerate the growth rate and reduce the cost of culture and production. The larvae like the dark. Larval colony feeding is more beneficial to growth than scattered larvae. Due to the movement and friction of groups, it can promote the circulation and digestion of body fluids and enhance the vitality. The feed of the larvae is relatively simple, the newly hatched larvae are about 2 to 3 mm, the body walls are soft and the color is white, and the newly hatched barley worm larvae are difficult to eat, so it is necessary to add some fine feed, such as wheat flour, barley flour and so on.

Barley larvae often molt and float on the surface of the population. The first molting barley worm larvae are milky white, very fragile and the most vulnerable period. After about two hours, it gradually turns dark brown, and the body wall hardens with it. Under normal temperature and humidity, the old barley worm larvae molted for 3 to 5 minutes, and the old barley worm larvae began to molt into pupae for two to three minutes. The most suitable growth temperature for barley worm larvae is 30 degrees above zero and the humidity is about 60%. The growth rate of barley worm larvae is directly related to green fodder, and the main feed (wheat bran) is indispensable. however, if you want barley worm larvae to grow at the fastest speed, you must not stop green fodder. Barley worm larvae eat the main feed (wheat bran) very slowly in the absence of green fodder. How do you know if the barley worm larvae are short of green feed or fed too much? The easiest way is to turn the feed and worms in the feeding box by hand. if you feel a little hot and dry, it means it's time to feed green feed.

Barley worm larva breeding: before raising, put wheat bran and other feed screened by warp net in the feeding box, box and other utensils, and then put the barley worm larvae in. The density of barley worm larvae shall be covered with utensils, no more than 3 cm to 5 cm thick at most. Finally, spread the vegetable leaves on it, let the insects live between the bran and the vegetable leaves, and let them eat freely. Every other week or so, screen out insect droppings. The feed for harvesting barley worm larvae should be cooked on the basis of determining the formula, and additives and food attractants should be added to promote the feeding of the larvae and accelerate the growth. The feed for remaining larvae and spawning adults should be aimed at ensuring their nutritional abundance and spawning nutritional requirements (long spawning period and high viability). Generally speaking, when the body length of barley worm larvae reaches 60 mm, the color changes from dark brown to light, and the food intake decreases, which is the late stage of mature larvae and will soon enter the pupation stage.

2. Barley pupae

Barley worm larvae generally do not pupate in the feeding box or will be swallowed by other larvae. During initial Eclosion, the barley worm pupae are milky white, the body walls are softer and longer, and the body shape changes quickly from slender to short and thick pupae after a few minutes. The next day it gradually turns yellowish, and the body wall becomes harder. Barley pupae can only twist their abdomen and cannot crawl. When selecting barley insect pupae, two fingers can be used to hold the tail of barley insect pupae. Generally healthy barley insect pupae will shake their own pupae to resist external invasion. The greater the vibration, the stronger the vitality. Barley worm adults and barley worm larvae may use pupae as feed at any time. Under the condition of proper temperature and humidity control, 98% of barley insect pupae can successfully enter the Eclosion stage. Only a few will die during Eclosion, and the temperature in the pupa stage of barley worms should not rise or fall, otherwise the survival rate of pupation will be reduced. Barley pupae should not be stacked or stacked during collection, but should be laid evenly in the feeding box, and the best distance between pupae and pupae should be non-contact. Full preventive measures should be taken to prevent the invasion of rats, geckos and birds.

Management of barley worm pupa stage: the first pupa of barley worm is milky white and gradually becomes light yellowish brown and dark yellowish brown. The first pupae of barley insects should be sorted out from the larvae of barley insects in time for centralized management. To adjust the temperature and humidity to prevent barley worm pupa mildew, after 10-13 days, it will be feathered into barley worm adult. During this period, the temperature and humidity should be strictly controlled, and the adaptive temperature and humidity determines the Eclosion rate. The higher the proportion of adults adapted to Eclosion, the highest Eclosion rate can reach 95%. In the pupal stage, we should pay attention to that the temperature is not high or low, so that many adults of barley worms will produce deformities. Once the adults of barley worms are malformed, it means that they cannot mate and lay eggs normally.

3. Barley eggs

The incubation period of barley insects changes greatly due to different temperature and humidity conditions. When the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the egg period of barley worm is about 8-12 days. When the temperature was 19: 22 ℃, the egg stage of barley worm was 15-20 days. Barley eggs rarely hatch when the temperature is below 15 ℃. At normal temperature and humidity (25 degrees-30 degrees), the incubation period of barley eggs is three to five days. The newly hatched barley larvae have a white body color, about two millimeters in length, and can crawl but not fast. The newly hatched barley larvae can not eat wheat bran directly. They should put an appropriate amount of concentrate feed, such as flour and corn meal, in the feed in the incubator. After two days, the body color gradually changes to yellowish. At this time, the crawling speed of barley worm larvae is accelerated, and the feeding ability is strengthened. Some green fodder can be added to the feed appropriately, and the proportion of green fodder is generally 1/6 of barley worm and wheat bran. The living habits of the small larvae of barley insects are very different from those of the small larvae of yellow powder insects. The small larvae of barley insects cannot eat wheat bran when they are just hatched, so a certain proportion of flour or corn meal should be added to the hatched feed. Barley insect larvae can survive normally without green feed within two days after hatching, but they must be fed green feed or spray water in the feed after five days. Glucose or vitamins can be added to the water. The green fodder should also be chopped as much as possible, but there should be no visible vegetable juice or melon and fruit juice, because the vegetable, melon and fruit juice will harden the feed against the newly hatched barley worm larvae. if the humidity is too high and the temperature is too low, these juices will quickly spoil the feed and are not conducive to the growth of barley worm larvae.

Collection and hatching of barley eggs: a thin piece of rough paper was attached to the bottom of the standard feeding plate, and 0.3 cm thick feed (or insect dung) was laid on the bottom of the standard feeding plate. 600 adults (400 females, 200 males) were placed in each box. Barley adults will lay eggs evenly on the spawning paper, and 10,000 million eggs can be laid on each piece of paper in 2 days. Take out the spawning paper every two days to make an egg card. In addition, some eggs are scattered in the feed, which can be ignored and can also be used as a cover for hatching. Place the egg card in another standard feeding plate to make an incubator. First lay a layer of waste paper (newspapers, paper towels, packaging paper, brown paper, etc.) at the bottom of the standard feeding plate, covered with 0.5 cm thick wheat bran, on which the first egg card is placed. On the first egg card, cover 0.5 cm thick bran, add 3'4 short support sticks in the middle, and place the second egg card on top. Over and over again, four egg cards were placed in each plate, totaling about 400,000,600,000 eggs. Then put the incubator in the incubator (see the picture attached below) and take it out a week later.

4. Barley worm adults

The adult barley worm has degenerated hind wings, can not fly, has fast crawling speed and strong grasping ability. Like the dark, afraid of light, more activities at night. Under certain conditions, both adults and larvae have the habit of killing each other. The newly emerged adults are milky white, and after 2 days, they gradually harden and become yellowish brown, reddish brown and black, and begin to feed, mate and lay eggs. The life span of adults is generally between 140 and 180 days, with an average life span of more than 120 days. The peak of oviposition of females is 10 to 30 days after Eclosion. The number of eggs laid by females is about 400-1600 eggs, and the average number of eggs laid is 600 eggs per head. The number of eggs laid after one mating is about 10 to 18 eggs, if the management can be strengthened to prolong the spawning period and increase the number of eggs laid. If the compound biological feed is used to provide appropriate temperature and humidity, the average fecundity can reach more than 1200 eggs. The optimum temperature for adult barley worms to lay eggs is 30 degrees. When the humidity is 60%, adults should provide adequate concentrate feed (such as flour, corn meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal) and green feed (such as pumpkin, cabbage, carrots, wax gourd, or all kinds of fruits, etc.) every day to ensure normal fecundity. In a standard spawning box (80 x 40 spawning box), the number of adults should be about 800, and the female-to-male ratio should be in accordance with the natural ratio. When the temperature is about 30 degrees above zero, change the disk every 4 or 5 days, the time should not be too long, the eggs laid on the first day of more than 5 days will hatch, if the disk is not changed in time, the newly hatched larvae will climb out of the surface of the sieve, such as adults in the lack of green feed will devour the young larvae, resulting in egg waste, will also reduce the yield. If the adult spawning is laid on the spawning paper, the spawning paper should be collected together in time for hatching, but there will also be eggs in the feed and adult feces at the bottom of the screen, which should be collected and hatched. The number of eggs in the feed accounts for about 1/8 of the whole spawning box. The death rate of adult barley worms is very small, and the death rate is about 2% each time. It is not necessary to clean up the adult worms in time after they die. Other healthy adult barley worms will devour their edible parts. The newly dead adult barley worms are also a good high-protein feed. After the barley worms devour their edible parts, they will clear out the parts (such as head, antennae and feet) that cannot be swallowed when changing the plate.

Feeding of adult barley worms: the adults of barley worms are placed in a feeding container and fed with wheat bran and green vegetables. At first, the body is grayish white, then it gradually changes to light brown, and after a week, the body color gradually changes to dark brown, and then begins to lay eggs. It will enter the peak spawning period after 1 Mel for 2 months.