Culture techniques of soft-shelled turtle

Soft-shelled turtle, also known as soft-shelled turtle, commonly known as soft-shelled turtle, water fish, son of a bitch. It is distributed in all provinces (autonomous regions) except Ningxia, * * and Xizang in China, as well as in Vietnam, Korea, Japan and other countries. This variety is cultured in large quantities in China, and the main ways of culture are factory culture and pond culture. In previous years, driven by high profits, the farming area was out of control, and a large number of imported soft-shelled turtles hit the domestic market, resulting in a sharp drop in the price of commercial soft-shelled turtle and a heavy blow to the soft-shelled turtle industry. At present, the development of soft-shelled turtle culture industry can only be maintained by reducing production costs and improving the survival rate. It is suggested that those areas without temperature conditions try to reduce the scale of culture or reduce the density (1000-1500 animals per mu) and raise the water level by 1.5 to 1.8 meters (extensive farming).

An overview of the soft-shelled turtle

Soft-shelled turtle is a family of turtles soft-shell aquatic turtle, also known as: soft-shelled turtle, fish, bastards, a total of more than 20 kinds. In China, there are mainly soft-shelled turtles, and soft-shelled turtles, of which soft-shelled turtles are the most common. Egg-laying amphibians and reptiles, soft-shelled turtle has delicious taste and high nutritional value, because it has many nourishing and medicinal effects, such as clearing away heat and nourishing yin, calming the liver and extinguishing wind, softening and dispersing knots, liver cirrhosis, hepatosplenomegaly, infantile epilepsy and so on. Therefore, it is not only a delicacy on the table, a high-quality material for a first-class feast, but also can be used as an important material of traditional Chinese medicine.

1. Living environment: soft-shelled turtles mainly live in lakes, ponds, reservoirs, triangles and slow-moving rivers. Soft-shelled turtles are amphibious and breathe through their lungs, so there should be a sufficient area of land beach around or in the center of the turtle pond so that it can carry out land activities. The living habits of soft-shelled turtle can be summarized as "three joys and three fears", that is, Xi Jing is afraid of shock, Xi Yang is afraid of the wind, Xi Jie is afraid of dirty. The soft-shelled turtle is sensitive to the sound of the surrounding environment. As long as there is a little movement around, the soft-shelled turtle can quickly dive into the underwater silt, so the environment of the turtle farm or turtle pond must be kept quiet. If the soft-shelled turtle is often frightened, it is very disadvantageous to its growth and reproduction.

2. Life habits: it can be simply summarized as "three joys and three fears", that is, Xi Jie is afraid of dirty, Xi Yang is afraid of the wind, and Xi Jing is afraid of shock. In the natural environment, soft-shelled turtles like to inhabit clean rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds and other waters, and often lie on the sunny bank during the calm day to bask in the sun (commonly known as sun back), using ultraviolet rays in the sun to kill pathogenic bacteria on the body surface, promote the healing of the injured body surface, and increase body temperature by basking in the back to promote food digestion. Soft-shelled turtles are very timid and sensitive to the sound and movement of objects in their surroundings and dive to the bottom of the water as soon as the wind blows. Soft-shelled turtles are ferocious by nature, bullying and bullying among groups are common, and they eat their own kind when food is scarce. During the growth period, the soft-shelled turtle mainly breathed through the lungs. When the water temperature was below 15 ℃, the soft-shelled turtle dived into the bottom of the pond and began to hibernate and breathed by auxiliary respiratory organs such as the Gill tissue of the larynx. The Hangjiahu area is the hibernating period of the soft-shelled turtle from mid-November to mid-April of the following year.

3. Soft-shelled turtle food: soft-shelled turtles are aquatic omnivores and like to eat animal bait. Young soft-shelled turtles feed on aquatic insects, water earthworms, tadpoles, shrimp and so on. Adult soft-shelled turtles feed on field snails, clams and other molluscs, fish, shrimp and animal carcasses (because they can't catch fish), as well as vegetable fodder vegetables, melons and fruits, miscellaneous grains (wheat, corn, soybeans, rice, etc.).

4. Nutritional value

① turtle, also known as turtle or soft-shelled turtle. Its meat has the delicacy of chicken, deer, cattle, sheep and pig, so it is known as "gourmet meat". In its body, can not find the slightest carcinogen. As a result, the value of the soft-shelled turtle has greatly increased. Soft-shelled turtle is rich in animal glue, keratin, copper, vitamin D and other nutrients, which can enhance the body's disease resistance and regulate the endocrine function of the human body. it is also a good tonic to improve the quality of breast milk and enhance the immunity and intelligence of infants.

The web of ② soft-shelled turtle is called "tortoise plate". It is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine and has the effect of nourishing yin and reducing fire. It is used to treat dizziness, dizziness, deficiency heat, night sweats and other diseases. It also has a good effect on intractable headache left over from head trauma (such as neonatal hematoma, etc.). Tortoise plank glue is a macromolecular collagen protein, which contains all kinds of amino acids needed by the skin. it has the effect of beauty and skin care, beauty and fitness. Of course, tortoise plate is a traditional Chinese medicine, and it is up to the doctor to decide whether to use it or not according to the specific situation.

③ soft-shelled turtle neck can treat prolapse of anus. Take the whole neck and crush after baking, mix well with hot vinegar, wet and ooze vinegar as the degree, the field gauze is tightly wrapped, the cushion is smoked with air, generally 3-5 times can be cured. Although soft-shelled turtle has a good effect on postpartum weakness and loss of energy. However, pregnant women and postpartum constipation should not be eaten or should be appropriate.

Construction of soft-shelled turtle culture pond

1. Construction of factory temperature-controlled turtle pond.

In order to break the habit of long-term hibernation of soft-shelled turtle in field culture, industrial artificial temperature control culture can be used in seedling breeding. at present, there are many modes of artificial temperature control in our country. however, in order to save money and achieve the good effect of healthy culture, we must have the following basic requirements.

① has good heat preservation performance: heat preservation is one of the main conditions to ensure aquaculture yield in greenhouse. The use of electric heat, geothermal, factory waste heat and boiler heating is to adjust the water temperature to the right temperature that is most favorable for the growth of soft-shelled turtles. Some places do not pay attention to thermal insulation performance, as a result, the indoor temperature difference between day and night or the temperature difference between rooms is too large, which affects growth and even causes disease, so the problem of thermal insulation should be considered first in the design.

② daylighting is good: soft-shelled turtle pond daylighting is not only to use light energy to increase indoor temperature, but also to adjust water quality through light source, so as to reduce disease and improve survival rate. Practice has proved that, by using the same method, the growth rate is about the same in the two greenhouses with and without light, but the disease with light transmission is better than that with light transmission, which not only reduces the culture cost, but also improves the quality of soft-shelled turtle. In particular, the investment of a reasonably designed daylighting greenhouse is more than half less than that of a completely closed greenhouse. And it is easy to manage and operate.

③ water injection and drainage is convenient: greenhouse water, the water quality is often so bad that it needs to be changed, and it is usually kept stable as far as possible, with fast speed and short time when changing water. Therefore, the amount of water injection and displacement are very large. Therefore, there should be a smooth injection and drainage system at all times. The turtle ponds in some places are below the horizon and need to be drained by machines, so the guarantee of power supply should not be taken into account in the design. In order to meet the requirement of water injection at any time, it is best to have a temperature-regulating storage tank to ensure full-load water consumption.

The level of ④ is reasonable: factory-raised soft-shelled turtles are mostly built with reinforced concrete structure, so the level of design and construction must be reasonable, especially any industry will inevitably have the possibility of rise and fall and change production in the future, even if the industry remains unchanged, the structure will improve with the development. And the structure of the soft-shelled turtle pond is difficult to be used concurrently, and it is an one-time terminal development project, so the design level should take into account not only the lighting angle and temperature control and reasonable operation, but also long-term and variability. In order to improve the land utilization rate, some landlords build three or four-story turtle ponds to make the greenhouse high and large, which is not only inconvenient for operation and management, but also difficult to regulate and control the water temperature between the upper and lower layers. It is more difficult to change its use, so it is better to have no more than 2 layers.

According to the above requirements, the soft-shelled turtle pond is ideal in single layer and double row. This soft-shelled turtle pond has the advantages of good light transmittance, low cost, less breeding diseases, high survival, and can be used all the year round, and it is easy to be dismantled once it is transferred to production.

2. Construction of refined turtle pond

Refined turtle ponds usually use cement structure, a single pond area of 100-200 square meters, rectangular, pool depth of 1.2 meters, water depth of 1 meter. The slope of the pool is rectangular, the top of the slope is protected against escape eaves, the bottom of the pool is equipped with sand retaining wall, matching injection and drainage, a sun back table is set in the pool, and a feed table is set at one end of the pool.