The prospect of abalone culture

Abalone is listed as the first of the eight treasures, its taste is delicious, delicate and delicious, rich in nutrition, dry product analysis, containing 40% protein, 33.7% liver sugar, 0.9% fat, and vitamins and other trace elements, abalone meat in addition to fresh food, it can also be made into collection of dried products and all kinds of canned food.

Abalone is widely distributed, while Haliotis discus hannai is mainly produced in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. It is a kind of abalone with high economic value, and its output is also large, accounting for about 70% of the total output of abalone. The shell of Haliotis discus hannai is large and thick, with three layers of screw layer, suture and blunt shell top. There is a row of protuberances on the edge of the shell, with 4-5 openings at the end, showing a tubular shape, and a groove parallel to the protuberance on the outside of the protuberance. The surface of the shell is dark green-brown, the growth lines are obvious, and there are no large folds and silvery white in the shell. Bao Ying creeping life, living in the surrounding seaweed rich, clear water quality, smooth flow of rock crevices, stone caves, day and night, adult abalone is a mixed-color animal, food family is mainly brown algae, concurrently feed on green algae, red algae, diatoms, seed plants and lower animals and plants. The color of abalone shell is usually closely related to the food eaten.

Aquaculture status

Abalone has clear water quality, abundant seaweed and smooth flow of stone holes, so the southern boundary of abalone in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea is located in the sea area of the first three islands of Lianyungang City. Because the water depth in the coastal waters of our city is not suitable for its growth, the existing abalone culture methods adopt tunnel culture, that is, using artificial purification of sea water, making use of the characteristics of constant temperature in the tunnel, intensive culture, and its main breeding site is Shuidao Village, Liandao Town.

Breeding prospect

Abalone culture needs aquaculture projects with high input, high output and high efficiency, and the culture cycle is long and the technical requirements are high, so the investment risk is high, but its high profit is still deeply attracted to the culture units. take tunnel culture of abalone as an example: 1 million abalone farms. The total investment is about 10 million yuan. Among them, the asset investment is more than 6.5 million yuan, the production cost is more than 3.6 million yuan, and the survival rate of breeding can reach 90%. If the sales price is 400000 yuan / T, the sales income can reach 13.68 million yuan, the total profit and tax can be more than 8.7 million yuan, the sales profit and tax rate is 63.35%, and the investment payback period is 2.56 years. Using the tunnel to cultivate abalone, if the technical measures are proper and the disease control is effective, its prospect is still broad.

Breeding technique of abalone

1. Conditions for raising seedlings

① mature parent abalone: an undamaged healthy individual with a shell length of more than 6 cm; the gonad is extremely full, covering most of the digestive gland, protruding from the edge of the shell, and the end becomes pure because it is full of sperm and egg cells.

② parent abalone temporary culture pond and juvenile abalone culture pond, want dark sun plastic sheeting.

③ collector: mainly made of transparent plexiglass, polyethylene plastic algae board and film, etc.

④ collection frame: made of steel bar, wrapped with thin film, or made of fine bamboo and wood.

2. Technological process

Parent abalone culture "artificially induced spawning" screening fertilized egg larva collection and culture (timely sparse separate culture) juvenile abalone culture.

For abalone breeding, the bait is particularly important and must be prepared in advance. Before the larvae are collected, the collector should be pre-attached with benthic diatoms or soaked in a flat and thin culture pool for several days. Then these collectors with adherent diatoms and unicellular diatoms were moved into the larval culture pool to collect the larvae at the later stage of the surface plate.

In the process of abalone breeding, algae culture should be continuously strengthened. In addition to adding appropriate amount of nutrition to the larval culture pond, light should be strengthened at the same time to promote the reproduction speed of benthic diatoms and maintain a balance between the reproduction number of benthic diatoms and the food intake of larvae or juveniles. For this reason, fertilizers should be added constantly. If there is not enough food basically, supplementary food should be added or food plates should be replaced after changing water to meet the feed intake of larvae.

3. Disease control

Autistic disease: symptoms: abalone foot epithelial tissue shedding, the sick individual is not active. There was no response to mechanical stimulation in severe illness. There are active bacteria in the blood, the body fades, tentacles are weak, visceral mass atrophy, feet retract, abalone from metamorphosis to 1 cm persistent death, sometimes a death peak.

Pathogen: red abalone is prone to autistic disease when it is young, and the biochemical characteristics of the isolated bacteria are close to those of alginic acid isolates.

Time: it is easy to develop disease under high temperature or excessive oxygenation.

Prevention and treatment: young abalone should be cultured in a suitable environment, and the wound of injured abalone can be washed with medicine.

Treatment: ① was immersed in chloramphenicol 25-50ppm seawater solution for 0.5-1 hour, or compound sulfamethoxazole 1% seawater solution for 5 minutes. ② smeared the wound with chloramphenicol or sulfamethoxazole 5% seawater solution.

The above drug treatment methods need to put the abalone in the air for 10-15 minutes, so that the liquid fully infiltrated into the focus, and then put back into the sea water for feeding. In addition, repeat the treatment the next day if necessary.

Cultivation technology of abalone

1. Cultivation conditions: the quality of natural conditions in Pacific oyster culture area is closely related to its cultivation.

In the ① terrain culture area, the tidal flat should be selected, and the bottom sediment should be suitable to facilitate the setting of scaffolding and floating raft. And the deep water location of the inner bay or reclamation area with appropriate amount of fresh water injection is more ideal.

The tidal current in the ② current culture area requires smooth flow, good sea water communication conditions, calm winds and waves or not easy to be attacked by strong winds and waves.

The sea water temperature of ③ should be 5-30 degrees suitable for Pacific oyster, and the specific gravity of sea water should be about 1.005-1.025.

The ④ feed culture area must be a fertile area to facilitate the reproduction of plankton to ensure the abundance of food organisms needed for the growth of oysters.

There should be no serious industrial and agricultural pollution in the aquaculture area polluted by ⑤.

2. Develop the production process.

Selection of → cultivation mode in aquaculture sea area determination of → cultivation equipment preparation of → cultivation facilities setting of → Seedling stocking → cultivation Management → harvesting processing

3. The main ways of cultivation

① direct culture method: traditional culture methods such as stone culture, bridge culture, pile culture and bamboo culture and so on. The common feature of these nurturance methods is that the seedling collector is also used as the nursery device.

② seedling culture methods include beach culture, floating raft or longline vertical culture and monomer culture. Compared with direct culture, these culture methods can artificially control culture density, make effective use of culture waters, short culture cycle and high yield, so they are advanced ways of oyster culture.

4. Beach sowing: it is a simple and convenient method for cultivating Pacific oyster in tidal flat at present. According to a certain density, the oyster seedlings are directly sown on the mudflat or the bottom of the sediment to cultivate, and the vertical culture is divided into:

① scaffolding type: set up scaffolding with bamboo, wood or cement piles in the culture area, and hang the seedling attachment equipment on the scaffolding for cultivation.

② floating raft: set up a floating raft in the shallow sea, which is composed of Phyllostachys pubescens, and the seedling attachment is hung on the raft frame for breeding.

③ longline type: set up pontoons in the shallow sea area, and hang the seedling attachment on the pontoons for breeding.

④ cage type: multi-layer net cages used in single-layer round cage culture of scallops can be used to raise oysters.

⑤ in addition, Pacific oysters can also be mixed with shrimp and cultured with algae such as kelp and undaria.

⑥ bait: totally dependent on natural bait organisms in the natural sea area, mainly unicellular algae.

Prevention and control of ⑦ diseases: few diseases occur in the cultivation and production of Pacific oysters. Canomellosis is reported abroad, and the main harm of domestic cultivation comes from enemy organisms, one is competitive organisms such as pleated oysters, barnacles, moss worms, limeworms and so on. The other is residual predators such as snails, crabs, chisel beetles, scallop fleas, etc., especially the last one is the most serious, and there is no effective control method at present.

Harvest and processing of abalone

1. Harvest method: the harvest method of abalone cage culture and factory culture is simple, which can be pulled out directly from the culture treaty or from the culture wrinkle board. The collection and capture of abalone cultured in natural sea area is generally arranged in the high water temperature season during summer and autumn, which is convenient for diving operation. The standard adopted by abalone is generally controlled at a specification of about 9 cm, weighing up to 1 kg for every 20.

2, processing technology: abalone is rich in nutrition, delicate and delicious, rich and best-selling, so it is mainly exported, that is, it can be cooked after washing, and it can also be processed into dry products or canned.

① dry processing: first shell the fresh products and viscera, add 7-8% salt to the jar, take it out overnight, scrub off the melanin and mucus around the feet, wash it into the kettle and boil it with water, pick it up and put it on the mat to dry.

② can production: commonly used in China is to boil the pot, and the abalone shelled, head and viscera washed clean and sealed can.