Planting methods and cultivation techniques of roses

Rose belongs to Rosaceae, deciduous shrub of Rosaceae, with many needles on branches, odd pinnate compound leaves, 5~9 leaflets, elliptic, densely covered white villi on the back and spines. Petals obovate, double to semidouble, flowers purplish red, white, fruiting 8-9 months, oblate.

soil preparation

Rose is perennial woody plants, long production cycle, cuttage seedlings can be harvested for 3-4 years, grafted seedlings can be harvested for 5-6 years. In order to obtain high quality, high yield and high benefit of cut flowers, the soil for planting roses must have good physical and chemical properties during cultivation. The choice of low groundwater level, loose and ventilated clay loam is better, soil should contain rich organic matter, the best content can reach more than 10%. The soil pH is around 6 or 5. Soil improvement should be combined with tidying up planting beds. Through deep ploughing and application of large amounts of organic fertilizer, soil permeability and water retention can be improved and maintained for a long time, so as to promote the long-term good growth of rose roots. Organic fertilizer for soil improvement can be cow dung, pig manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, bone meal, decayed leaf soil, compost, etc.

The planting bed shall be 0.9m wide, 0.5m wide at the bottom of the walkway and 0.5m high, and the bed surface shall be flat. After planting, check the pH value and EC value of the soil again, and adjust it with fertilizer, acid and alkali to make the pH value adjust to about 6.5 and EC value adjust to 0.8~1.2mS/cm. If the EC value is less than 08, adjust it with fertilizer. If the EC value is greater than 1.2, water can be used for leaching. Drip irrigation is pre-installed.

Cultivation methods and planting

Rose production mostly adopts branch breaking cultivation method, cultivation mode is single ridge double row cultivation, plant spacing 12cm, row spacing 50cm, planting 5000-6000 plants per mu. Greenhouse cultivation can be planted all year round, planting straight line planting, to ensure that planting seedlings straight beneficial management. The planting depth is slightly deeper than the cutting depth, but the soil should not exceed the main bud of the seedling. Modern factory production of seedlings seedling growth short, fast survival.

After planting, irrigate enough root-fixing water in time. When planting in high temperature weather, pay attention to shade, cool down and spray water on leaves. Within one week after planting, fully ensure that the root soil and topsoil are moist, spray water on the leaves during the day, and properly shade; gradually reduce the amount of watering on the leaves after 7 days, but keep the topsoil moist, and spray fungicides such as carbendazim or chlorothalonil for disease prevention; gradually reduce the amount of watering after 15 days, and then timely water according to the dry and wet conditions of the soil, keep the soil moist, and start using drip irrigation system; enter normal management after 30 days.

Cultivation environment control

Rose cultivation environment mainly includes: moisture, fertilization, temperature, humidity and light and other environmental factors.

1. Water management

Water for irrigation is selected from unpolluted river water, spring water or well water. Rose watering time, watering times and watering amount are affected by season, weather, soil and plant growth conditions. Producers mainly determine according to production experience or continuous observation and detection of soil moisture content and plant growth. The instrument can use a soil tensiometer for rapid determination of soil moisture, monitor soil moisture with a tensiometer, and make reference for drip irrigation. Watering twice a day in sunny days (soil moisture tension PF is kept at about 1.8), watering time is selected at 10:00 and 14:00, do not water in the morning or evening, avoid lowering soil temperature due to low watering temperature; April to June, the temperature is high and dry, the cultivated soil is also dry, the rose plant grows faster, and the water consumption also increases. The main method is to increase soil moisture by increasing watering times; soil moisture tension PF is maintained at 1.6~1.8, watering time is selected at 10:00~16:00 in sunny days, greenhouse without cooling facilities needs to increase spray cooling, spraying time is selected at 14:00 in sunny days; July to September, the temperature is high, rainy and humid, and the cultivated soil humidity is relatively high, but rose plants grow quickly and need to consume a lot of water. By increasing the amount of water per watering session, the rose plant growth needs a lot of water, soil moisture tension PF is maintained at 2.2; cloudy days to reduce air humidity, reduce pest occurrence only once watering at 10:00. Stop watering in continuous rainy days, wait for rain to stop, water in time after the weather turns clear, which is conducive to the regulation and control of air humidity in greenhouse; cool autumn weather, more suitable for the growth of cut roses, watering 1~2 times a day, soil moisture tension PF maintained at about 1.8.

2. Fertilization management

The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by rose is 3:1:2 in vegetative growth stage and 3:1:3 in flowering stage. Medium elements and trace elements can be applied regularly every month. Medium elements include calcium, magnesium and sulfur; calcium and magnesium are higher in river water and well water, so no or less addition can be made when fertilizing. Zinc and boron are deficient in trace elements, so attention should be paid to adding them in production. Iron is not deficient in soil, but iron absorption is related to soil pH, pH 5.5~6.5, can be added a small amount;pH greater than 7, iron plants in the soil is difficult to absorb. During production, soil nutrients should be detected regularly, and whether various nutrients in the soil can meet the normal growth and development of roses can be judged according to the detection results. When the soil nutrient elements reach the optimum value, the yield and quality of cut flowers can be better. The optimum value refers to the table below. If the nutrient elements in the soil are insufficient or low, the fertilizer can be gradually increased by 10% of the original fertilizer amount until the optimum amount; if the nutrient elements in the soil are too high, the fertilizer amount can be reduced or water leaching can be carried out. Rose root system developed, fast growth rate, high yield of flowers, so the nutrient demand for soil is quite large, and rose nutrient demand is diverse, only different kinds of nutrients reasonable combination, can make flowers high quality, high yield, and harvest year after year.

① Different effects of different kinds of nutrients on roses

Nitrogen fertilizer is an important nutrient required by roses, which plays an important role in the vegetative growth and flower yield of roses. Only when nitrogen is supplied adequately can the leaves flourish and grow normally. If the nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, it will make the rose thin, yellow leaves, slow growth of new shoots. However, if the soil nitrogen is too much, it is easy to cause excessive growth of branches, loose tissue, less flowering, and even abnormal flowers.

Phosphorus fertilizer can promote the growth of rose roots, so that the roots developed, foliar fertilizer thick, colorful. If the lack of phosphate fertilizer in the soil, it will make the branches weak, flowers droop and weak, so in the autumn of each year when applying base fertilizer, to add appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer.

Potassium fertilizer can promote the growth of new shoots and tender leaves of roses, increase the number of flowers, plump buds and high rose oil content in flowers.

Rose needs a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition, but also a certain kind of trace elements, such as iron, boron, manganese, zinc and so on. Such as the lack of trace elements in the soil, it will make plant leaves green, and even make plant organs deformed, a variety of physiological diseases occur, affecting the normal growth and development of rose plants.

② Types of chemical fertilizers commonly used in roses and fertilizer requirements

a. Urea. Urea is a nitrogen fertilizer often used in rose production, mainly as a topdressing. Topdressing is generally applied in furrows and holes, and it takes 5~7 days to get effect after fertilization. After urea application, watering should be carried out in time. The dosage per mu is generally 10~15 kg. Urea can be applied 3 - 4 times a year. Pay attention to frequent application and less application to sandy soil.

b. Ammonium bicarbonate. Ammonium bicarbonate, referred to as quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, can only be used as topdressing, furrow or hole application, avoid ground application, volatile fast, need to cover the soil in time and combine watering. It takes effect within 2 days after fertilization. Don't burn the plant leaves when applying fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer per mu is 10~20 kg, and the topdressing can be applied 3~4 times a year. The fertilizer is easy to dissolve and loss occurs, special attention should be paid to frequent application and less application. The fertilizer can not destroy soil structure and harden soil when used for a long time, and is widely used in production.

c. Calcium superphosphate. Mainly used as base fertilizer, fertilizer efficiency slow, production often mixed with soil manure in the autumn as base fertilizer. The main application is furrow application, and the dosage per mu is generally 30~50 kg. Calcium superphosphate is easy to agglomerate and should be fully crushed or mashed when used, otherwise it will burn out the plant roots. 1% calcium superphosphate extract can be used for foliar fertilization in late autumn growth of roses, and the effect is also very good.

d. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Calcium magnesium phosphate has the same properties, usage and dosage as calcium superphosphate, but calcium magnesium phosphate is non-corrosive, non-hygroscopic, non-caking and convenient to use, so it is widely used in production.

e. Potassium sulfate. Potassium sulfate in the soil mobility is small, it can be used as a base fertilizer can also be used as topdressing, especially in the rose bud before the best dressing, the effect is significant. The higher the yield of rose garden, the more potash fertilizer should be applied. Potassium sulfate is generally applied into the furrow, the general dosage per mu is 10~15 kg, and it can be applied once a year. Long-term use of potassium sulfate will make the soil appear hardened, so it is better to mix organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. Potassium sulfate is acidic and corrosive, and should be avoided from touching branches and leaves to cause burns. Potassium sulfate should not be mixed with nitrogen fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, otherwise it will seriously reduce fertilizer efficiency. Potassium sulfate is applied to leaves before budding of rose. The concentration of potassium sulfate is 0,5%, the absorption is fast and the effect is obvious.

f. Potassium chloride. The nature, usage and dosage of potassium chloride are basically the same as potassium sulfate. Potassium chloride should not be used in saline-alkali land.

g. Diammonium phosphate. Phosphoric acid plating is a very good nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer with long and high fertilizer efficiency. It is mainly suitable for base fertilizer, mainly for furrow application, and the dosage per mu is 30~50 kg. When phosphate is added to base fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer need not be added.

h. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is phosphorus, potassium composite material, high solubility, suitable for foliar fertilizer, conventional use concentration of 0.2%~ 0.3%, generally sprayed once every 15 days. It can also be combined with spraying simultaneously.

③ Fertilization time

Rose fertilizer types include base fertilizer and topdressing two kinds.

a. Base fertilizer. Rose base fertilizer should be applied as early as possible after autumn defoliation. Early application of basal fertilizer in autumn can not only heal the injured roots and produce new roots, but also fully decompose and decompose the applied soil miscellaneous fertilizer in the soil, which is conducive to promoting the vigorous growth of plants in the following spring. The specific time should be from late September to early October in northern China. The late application of base fertilizer in autumn often affects the normal growth of plants in the following spring.

b. Topdressing. Rose topdressing is carried out in spring and summer growing season, fertilizer is mainly applied, fertilizer efficiency is fast, and pertinence is strong. The specific topdressing time can be divided into 4 stages: germination stage, bud stage, full bloom stage and late flowering stage. In these 4 periods, plant growth is big, need fertilizer much, should add nutrient to soil in time, in order to ensure fresh flower yield. The fertilization experience of flower farmers in rose producing areas in southern China is: "three to five flowers" and "four waters and three fertilizers to harvest flowers". It means that from the time the rose begins to form buds to the time the flowers are completely harvested, it takes 4 times of watering and 3 times of fertilization. This is enough to explain that multiple topdressing of chemical fertilizer in the flowering period of roses has a very important significance for the yield of flowers.

3. Temperature control

The optimum temperature for rose growth and development is 24℃~26℃ in the daytime and 14℃~16℃ at night. In winter, when the night temperature is lower than 8℃, the growth is slow, the branches become shorter and the double-hearted flowers increase. When the night temperature was lower than 5℃ for a long time, the new branches were shorter and the blind branches increased. The ideal temperature difference between day and night is 10℃~12℃.

Temperature and humidity recorder or dry and wet thermometer shall be installed in greenhouse to observe temperature change in greenhouse, and temperature regulation and management shall be carried out according to temperature change. When the temperature is high, open the skylight and the surrounding side windows for natural ventilation and cooling. When the temperature is higher than 30℃ in the daytime, shade and cool down. Spray can be used to cool down in high temperature and dry season; when the temperature is low, close the side windows around the greenhouse, increase the insulation curtain in the greenhouse, the insulation curtain is mainly used to prevent heat exchange and loss at night, improve the temperature of plant leaves to prevent dew formation, thereby increasing yield and improving cut flower quality, especially for red varieties, but the insulation curtain cannot always be completely closed during the day.

4. Humidity control

The relative humidity required for rose budding and branch growth is 70%~80%, the relative humidity required for flowering is 40%~60%, the humidity should be controlled at 40% during the day and 60% at night. When the humidity in greenhouse is higher than 90%, the film, sink, plant and leaf begin to form water drops, which are easy to induce many diseases. Soil moisture condition is very important for rose growth, development and yield. Generally speaking, in the north of China, the weather is dry, so it should be timely irrigated with germination water, flower water, flower water and flower water, about 15~20 days of watering once, in order to keep the soil has good moisture. In fact, watering and fertilization are combined in production. As long as it does not rain immediately after each topdressing, watering should be carried out in time, otherwise the topdressing will not achieve the ideal effect. Rose garden watering generally take border irrigation, but this way of water consumption is large, and easy to make a lot of soil nutrients loss, so in watering should control the amount of water, in order to irrigate the rhizosphere soil is appropriate. Narrow furrow irrigation should be advocated in production to save a lot of water. In conditional place, rose garden should develop drip irrigation, not only can save a lot of water, and can always maintain the soil ventilation, do not make the soil hardened.

5. Light control

Roses love light, especially scattered light. The light saturation point of the blade is 35000~50000Lux, and the light compensation point is 10000Lux. Anthocyanin synthesis of cut roses needs ultraviolet light, but too strong ultraviolet light will cause black edges in petals of red varieties. The suitable greenhouse film for red varieties is about 20% transmittance in 0~350nm. Cloudy days to ensure a certain amount of scattered light. Do not use shading net during rose branching to ensure sufficient light for plants; use 60%~75% silver-gray shading net during sunny days from 10:00 to 16:00 after bud emergence; do not shade in summer continuous rainy days, do not shade in winter, and do not shade when the soil surface of greenhouse is too wet, downy mildew and gray mildew.

6. Intertillage and weeding

Rose garden after each watering and rain, should be timely intertillage weeding, not only can loosen the soil, but also prevent weeds from growing, and roses compete for water and nutrients. When rainy season comes every year, rose garden should be cultivated many times, in order to effectively loosen the surface soil, increase soil permeability, improve soil air condition, ensure normal growth of roots, and prevent root rot and other diseases.

Rose pruning techniques

1. Plant type culture

At seedling stage, all flower heads should be removed when they are pea size, leaves should be kept, branches should be pressed down when they are more than 50cm long, and attention should be paid not to break branches. The newly sprouted thick branches are cut into flowering branches, and the thin branches are pressed into vegetative branches; the thin branches sent out from the vegetative branches continue to press branches. When pressing branches, pay attention to the fact that each plant and branch cannot cross each other, and the number of broken branches should be spread on the side of the ridge, so that the leaves can get sufficient light. The layering should generally be operated in the afternoon of a sunny day. While pruning vegetative branches, thin branches and short branches within 10cm of the root should be removed to increase the light at the lower part and promote germination.

2. Flowering pruning

The pruning principle is to leave low piles in spring and summer, and high piles in autumn and winter. 2~3 bud eyes shall be reserved for branches with lower diameter of 0 or 5 cm, 3~5 bud eyes for branches with lower diameter of 0 or 8 cm; branches with length less than 50cm or blind flower, abnormal and diameter above 0 or 5 cm shall be cut off in time; branches with diameter less than 0 or 5 cm and higher germination position shall be pruned, and main branches can be sheared by pile or retraction, and branches with low germination position shall be directly pressed into vegetative branches. The general principle is that thick branches go up and thin branches press down.

3. The whole technique of rose

Pruning refers to cutting off all the branches of a rose from the base, and pruning refers to cutting off a few parts of the branches. In order to promote the vigorous growth of rose bushes, bright colors, high oil yield, it is necessary to carry out appropriate pruning and pruning. Ruffled leaves rose upright cluster, germination force, pruning should pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, uniform distribution of the school, and maintain a certain distance, in order to avoid the wind branches rub against each other damaged flower head. After the flowers are pruned, it is easy to harvest flowers and manage the field. For newly planted one to two year old rose bushes, after pruning, both branches and leaves should grow well and blossom ahead of time. Rose gardens over three years old have a high flower yield and need to be pruned in time to prevent premature aging from causing yield reduction. To prune roses well, you must understand how they react after pruning. Different rose varieties, different cultivation and management levels, as well as differences in soil fertilizers, pruning reactions are also different. Through pruning, the rose stem should be strengthened, and the buds in the upper part of the rose stem are better than those in the base, germinating earlier and growing vigorously. Pruning correction must understand the rose variety characteristics and growth habits, master pruning principles. When pruning, the stout branches should be controlled to grow upwards, and the top shoots should be cut off at appropriate positions to promote the growth of roses, inhibit the rise of flowering parts, and avoid the occurrence of empty and bald phenomena in the lower part of the school. Proper pruning twice in summer and winter can ventilate the branches and enhance the light, so that nutrients are concentrated on the flowering branches. Rose bushes with particularly vigorous branches and leaves may not harvest many flowers, because most of the nutrients are consumed in vegetative growth. On the contrary, if the shrub blooms too much and the nutrient consumption is too large, it is easy to cause the shrub growth weakness and seriously affect the flower yield of the next year.

4. Rose pruning

The principle of rose pruning is: if the flowers are chain bead-shaped planting method, each clump can be selected to leave 15~20 strong branches; if it is hedgerow planting method, a certain distance should be maintained between branches, cross branches, dense branches, overlapping branches, slender branches, lodging branches, dead branches and pest branches should be cut off, so that nutrients are concentrated on the flowers, so that the flowering branches can grow strongly. The pruning should be combined with the specific situation, mainly with light cutting, removing unnecessary branches. If too many branches are pruned at one time, it is unfavorable for the production and storage of nutrients, destroying the balance between the above-ground part (branches) and the underground part (roots), affecting the growth of flowering branches and the yield of flowers in the coming year. After pruning, fertilizer and water management must be strengthened, otherwise the purpose of sprouting new shoots. The pruning method is as follows:

①, one-time update method. Before and after Frosts Descent, all the branches of the roses were cut off 5 to 6 centimeters from the ground, and then covered with fine soil to form steamed bread. In the following spring, many new twigs were born at the roots of the rose. after the new shoots stopped growing, the overdense and thin branches should be cut off, the branches should be evenly distributed in space, ventilated and transparent, and the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened. in the third spring, roses grow vigorously and flowers are harvested.

②, secondary update method. Cut off half of the senescent branches of the flower bushes, use the branches left behind to produce flowers, and wait for the roses to blossom and harvest before updating the school strips, so that the yield of flowers will not be reduced by pruning branches.

③, year by year updating method. This method is widely used in various places for rose pruning. Every year, according to the growth of rose bushes, timely cut off withered branches, slender branches, senile branches and pest branches, so as to promote the growth of new branches every year, keep the school bushes growing vigorously, keep the yield unchanged, and achieve the purpose of renewal and rejuvenation.

[notes]

①, for the grafted rose seedlings, cut off all the branches on the rootstock. Pruning branches should be distributed reasonably, not biased to one side, properly cut off senescent branches, and be renewed and rejuvenated in time. Pruning annual branches should retain extroverted buds to promote lateral branches to form a large number of flowers. Leave the residual pile 1 / 1.5 cm above the extroverted bud to prevent the downward drying of the branch from affecting the bud growth under the cut.

②, when pruning, cut the erect stout branches at a height of 80 cm above the ground to promote the formation of lateral flowering branches. The time should not be pruned too late, otherwise it will not sprout and grow branches. The senescent branches should be cut off 5 to 6 centimeters from the ground to sprout new branches. When pruning, you should choose to leave the full buds on the school bar in order to cultivate strong branches.

The time of ③ and pruning should be carried out after the roses are harvested. Because from the end of the flower harvest to the dormancy and defoliation of the rose, this period is the growth and development period of the rose, which requires a lot of nutrients. If it is allowed to grow naturally, it will increase the nutrient consumption, which will be disadvantageous to the growth of flowering branches in the coming year and affect the yield of flowers.

The cutting edge of ④ and trimming tools should be kept sharp, and the cutting edge should be smooth and tidy, so as to avoid tearing the cutting edge and affecting the germination growth.

According to the relevant experiments, the pruning of roses has many advantages. Taking the six-year-old rose bushes planted with chain beads as an example, under the same management conditions, the pruned rose bushes have stout and uniform distribution, ventilation and transparent light, exuberant growth, large leaves, lush green color, large flowers and many branches, and high oil yield. 300-400 kg fresh flowers per mu. Unpruned plants are prone to decay, dense branches, poor light transmission and ventilation, many slender branches, small leaves, yellow color, small flowers, few flowers, poor quality, low oil yield, diseases and insect pests, and only 1540kg fresh flowers per mu.

Pest control

In the process of rose production, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests adopts the principle of "prevention first and comprehensive control". Once diseases and insect pests occur, the quality of cut flowers will be reduced and the economic benefit will be affected. Regularly check the isolation measures of the greenhouse to control the invasion of pests; clean the greenhouse film in time, ventilate and drain moisture in time with the change of temperature and humidity. Do not splash water and fertilizer on the leaves when watering and fertilizing, and avoid watering water. Timely removal of weeds inside and outside the shed, do not provide overwintering places for pests. In order to control the further spread of the disease, the susceptible plants were pulled out in time, the diseased leaves were removed and treated with chemicals at the same time. After each flower picking, the plant should be sprayed with protective agents to prevent the disease from invading from the wound. Fumigation (sulfur fumigation and chlorothalonil compound fumigation) should be used as far as possible when using chemical pesticides, and pesticides that are not easy to leave stains should be selected as far as possible when spraying, such as suspending agents, water agents, EC and other insecticidal and fungicides.

Cut rose harvesting

Cut rose roses can be harvested every day at 7 am, 30 am, 10 pm, or after 16:30. Before picking flowers, the fresh-keeping solution must be added after cleaning the flower bucket and placed in the harvesting shed to ensure that the cut flowers will be inserted into the fresh-keeping solution within 5 minutes after harvest, and the cut flowers should be transported to the cold storage for pre-cooling as soon as possible, and the cold storage temperature is 5 ±1 ℃. The harvest standard must be determined according to the variety of cut flowers, entering the market, transportation distance and time, etc., and the flowering index:

1. The sepals are slightly loose and the petals are clasped at the top, which is suitable for long-distance transportation and storage.

2. The calyx is loose and suitable for long-distance transportation.

3. Petals protruding sepals can be used for both long-distance and short-distance transportation.

4. The outer petals begin to loose and are suitable for short-range transportation and nearby wholesale sale. In addition, according to the characteristics of varieties and harvest season, the harvest standard can be adjusted appropriately, early harvest when the summer temperature is high, and harvest maturity is larger when the winter temperature is low. Early or too late harvest will affect the vase quality of cut flowers.

Introduction to the cultivation techniques of roses how to plant roses

Introduction: how to plant roses? This is the topic that everyone who loves roses is most concerned about. When it comes to roses, no one will be strange to it, because its taste and color are always unforgettable. Roses like sunny, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, loose and fertile loam or light loam with good drainage, poor growth and poor flowering in clay loam. Roses are mainly propagated by individual plants, and they can also be propagated by striping and cutting. One year before the ramet, it is necessary to apply enough fertilizer and water near the rhizosphere of the mother plant, keep the soil loose and moist, and promote a large number of roots to sprout. Because the rose has a strong tillering ability, the mother branch is easy to wither after each new branch, so the shoots near the rhizosphere must be transplanted to other places in time, so that the mother branch can still grow vigorously. Striping is propagated in the plum rain season from June to August every year, and the sturdy branches of the same year are selected and bent into the soil. After being cut into the soil, the soil is embedded in the wound and fixed with a bamboo fork or tree branch, so that the tip of the branch is exposed to the ground and keep the soil moist. It can take root in 2 to 3 months, and it can be separated from the mother plant in the next spring and planted separately. Before sprouting in early spring, one-year-old branches with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests were selected, cut into 20cm cuttings, and obliquely cut into the cuttings made of Xinhe sand, with a depth of 12~14cm, compacted and watered, often keeping the temperature of the sand bed, rooting after about 30 days, and transplanting after germination. After the new buds germinated in early spring to March, the seedlings should be transplanted with soil masses, which should not be carried out too late, otherwise it would not be easy to survive. If the seedlings were transplanted from defoliation to germination in the next spring, the seedlings could be excavated with bare roots without soil balls, but the length of lateral roots should not be less than 20cm, otherwise it would not be easy to survive. This is the end of the introduction of rose planting techniques. I hope there will be beautiful flowers in bloom.

How to grow roses? Cultivation methods of roses

Roses are flowers that we are very familiar with. How are roses planted? Next, I would like to share with you how to cultivate roses.

Flat land: select the land with deep soil layer, loose structure and good drainage to build a rose garden, dig a pit according to plant spacing of 50 cm, row spacing of 150-200 cm, pit depth of 50 cm, and apply 10 kg farm manure or bio-organic fertilizer per pit.

Choose good seedlings: to choose strong rose seedlings, sprouting seedlings should have 2-3 branches; grafted seedlings require well-developed root system, stem diameter of 3-4 mm, plant height of 30 cm, to be planted as soon as possible, and seedlings shipped to other places should be soaked and packaged.

Reasonable close planting of roses: about 700rose seedlings per mu are required, because there are fewer seedlings in that year, 1500-2000 seedlings per mu can be planted in order to save land, and in the second year, seedlings can be transplant or sold, and spring is planted in the early spring before rose germination; autumn is planted from October to December, and summer is planted in the rainy season.

Scientific management of roses: ploughing weeds, because the seedlings are small, weeds are very easy to grow, it is necessary to do a good job in weeding in time, so that there are no seedlings and no weeds. Keep the soil loose. Fertilization is mainly organic fertilizer, usually topdressing four times a year, Ching Ming Festival before and after the first application of animal manure, called sprouting fertilizer, and timely watering; pregnant buds in late April or the second time before flower picking, to promote more and full buds; topdressing bio-organic fertilizer in May and overwintering fertilizer at the end of autumn and early winter to ensure the safety of seedlings to survive the winter. After flowering in June and dormancy in winter, senescent branches, disease and insect branches and slender branches were cut off to give birth to new branches. In all periods of field management, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

Rose pest control: (1) aphids, nocturnal moths: harm to plant tender and leaves, can be sprayed with 2000 times omethoate or methamidophos with water. (2) Beetles, small tigers: harm to the roots of plants, can be killed with poison bait. (3) Rust: leaf back and leaf stem.

The above is the introduction of rose cultivation methods. Friends who like roses can refer to the above methods for reasonable cultivation.