Breeding techniques of donkeys

Donkey farming is an integral part of traditional animal husbandry. It is transforming from providing auxiliary power for agriculture to producing meat and skin, and is developing rapidly from small-scale, low-profit to medium-scale and high-profit. Today, please follow the editor to learn about donkey farming technology!

The prospect of donkey culture

The main results are as follows: 1. Meat donkey has the characteristics of strong disease resistance, high survival rate and wide natural ecological adaptability, which makes the majority of meat donkey breeders reduce the cost and open up more profit space. The diseases of meat donkeys are less than mules, horses, cattle and sheep, especially the gastrointestinal diseases are less than horses. Generally speaking, as long as you do a good job of immunity and keep the donkey pen clean and dry, maintain adaptive light, ventilation and feeding density, supply donkey feed, and ensure adequate clean drinking water, donkeys rarely get sick. The fertilization rate and foal rate of the donkey are both 90%, and the foal rate and breeding rate are 95%. Meat donkey has wide natural ecological adaptability, heat and thirst resistance, less drinking water and poor cold resistance. it is more distributed in dry and hot areas, so it is not suitable to live in cold mountain areas and cold and humid areas. The areas of western Shandong, southeast Shandong and northern Shandong are very suitable for raising donkeys, and the vast rural areas of China can also be raised on a large scale.

2. Meat donkeys are docile and like to live in groups. They can be raised in orchards, slopes or in captivity, and can be fed with ordinary feed plus green grass. General grasses account for about 80% of the feed, small miscellaneous grains are its fine fodder, and small miscellaneous cereal straw is its coarse fodder. Also suitable for factory feeding, in order to speed up its growth rate, can be fed with feed debate or full-price pellet feed.

3. The key point of investing in the project is to select suitable donkey breeds according to the local breeding environment and market demand. The quality of the donkey is directly related to the fattening benefit and the future morning. Chinese donkeys are divided into three categories according to their physical size: large donkeys, medium donkeys and small donkeys. For raising donkeys, it is appropriate to choose medium-sized donkeys, followed by large donkeys, while Xiaojiang donkeys are mostly used to make donkey gelatin, and their meat can also be put on the market.

4. Donkey milk is also of high value. Donkey milk is very similar to human milk, accounting for almost 99% of the ingredients in human milk, which is the best substitute for human milk; and donkey milk can moisturize the skin and improve the facial environment.

5. The image of the donkey is like a horse, mostly grayish brown, not majestic and majestic, its head is big, its ears are long, its chest is slightly narrow, its limbs are thin, although its torso is short, but it is longer than its limbs, so its height and length are not equal, showing a small rectangular shape. The skin of the neck is thin and thick, the hoof is small and solid, the physique is strong, and the resistance is very strong. The donkey is very strong, resistant to extensive, not easy to get sick, and has the advantages of gentle temperament, hard work, obedience and so on.

6. Donkeys can be used for farming and riding. Cultivate 6-7 hours a day, 2.5-3 mu of arable land. It can also ride to the market in rural areas, which is suitable for piggyback transportation and family service in mountainous areas.

7. Donkey meat is also a rare dish at the banquet. its meat is fine and delicious. It is known as "dragon meat in the sky, donkey meat on the ground". It is determined that every 100 grams of donkey meat contains 18.6 grams of protein, 0.7 grams of fat, 10 milligrams of calcium, 144 milligrams of phosphorus, 13.6 milligrams of iron and 80 calories. Among them, the protein content is higher than beef and pork, which is a typical high-protein, low-fat food. Donkey meat has the functions of tonifying blood, invigorating qi, tonifying deficiency and nourishing yin and yang, so it is an ideal health food.

8. Donkey skin can be made from leather, and it is also the main raw material for the manufacture of valuable traditional Chinese medicine donkey hide gelatin.

After looking at the prospect of donkey breeding, let's take a look at donkey breeding technology, which plays a key role in the success or failure of donkey breeding.

Breeding techniques of donkeys

1. Sexual maturity: when the growth and development of the donkey foal reaches a certain time, its reproductive organs are basically fully developed, and the female donkey begins to estrus normally and ovulates. The male donkey has sexual desire and has the ability to reproduce, which is called sexual maturity. The time of sexual maturity is affected by many factors, such as variety, external natural conditions, feeding management and so on. Generally speaking, the sexual maturity of the donkey foal is 1.5 years old.

2. The first mating age: refers to the age of the first mating. After sexual maturity, the donkey colt continues to develop and can not be mated until a certain age and body weight. Early mating will affect the development of the donkey. The maturing age of the female donkey is 3.5 to 5 years old, so the first matching age is 3 years old and 90% of the annual weight is suitable. In general, male donkeys can not be formally mated until they are 4 years old.

3. Estrus season: donkey is a seasonal animal with multiple oestrus. Estrus generally enters the peak period of estrus from March to June every year and weakens when it is extremely hot from July to August. Estrus extends to late autumn before entering anestrus. The season in which the female donkey is in estrus is called the estrus season, and it is also the period when the estrus is most concentrated. Under the conditions of suitable climate and good feeding and management, female donkeys can also be in estrus all the year round. However, when the foal is born in autumn, the birth weight of the donkey foal is small, the survival rate is low, and the weaning weight and growth are poor. The estrus months of several donkey breeds are listed in Table 25.

4. Estrous cycle: the interval between one estrus and the next estrus, or from one ovulation to the next. Estrous cycle is a normal reproductive physiological phenomenon of female donkey. With the changes of reproductive tract, female donkeys undergo a series of physiological changes inside and outside the body. A period of estrus, including proestrus, estrus, metestrus (ovulation) and diestrus (quiescent). The average estrous cycle of female donkey is 21 days, and its range is 10-33 days. 71% of the donkeys in Guanzhong had an estrous cycle of 18-21 days. The average Texas donkey is 22 days. The main factors affecting the length of estrous cycle are climate and feeding and management conditions.

5. Postpartum estrus: the first estrus that occurs in a short time after giving birth, which is called postpartum estrus. A female donkey is similar to a mare. It gives birth to a foal after a few days of estrus and is easy to conceive. The masses call the first breeding about half a month after birth "blood matching", "matching blood foal" or "matching hot foal". The female donkey's postpartum estrus does not show estrus symptoms such as "tapping mouth" and "dorsal ear", but there is follicular development after rectal examination. At 5-7 days after delivery, the female donkey had developmental follicles on the ovary, and then continued to develop until ovulation, without external estrus. The first ovulation time of female donkeys in Guanzhong is mostly concentrated in 12-14 days after parturition.

6. Duration of estrus: refers to the number of days between the beginning of estrus and ovulation. The duration of oestrus of the donkey is 3-14 days, usually 5-8 days. According to the statistics of 172 donkeys in Guanzhong, the average duration of oestrus is 6.1 days. 80% of female donkeys are concentrated in 4-7 days. The duration of estrus varies with the age, nutritional status, season, temperature and severity of the donkey. Generally speaking, female donkeys who are young, overweight and overserviced are in estrus for a long time, and vice versa. In the north where the temperature is low, female donkeys begin to be in estrus from February to March every year, that is, the so-called "cold donkey hot horse". However, the duration of estrus in early spring is longer, the development of follicles is slow, and there is often the phenomenon of multiple follicles and alternating development of ovarian follicles on both sides, and the elderly can be up to 20 days or more. It generally changes to normal from April.

Pregnancy and pregnancy: after the female donkey is in estrus and accepted mating, the sperm and egg are fertilized, which is called pregnancy. The period during which the fetus develops in the womb from pregnancy to delivery is called pregnancy. Donkeys are singleton pregnancies, and in some cases there are twins. The gestation period of donkeys is generally 365 days. However, with the donkey age, fetal sex and fat condition, the length of pregnancy varies, but the difference is not more than 1 month, generally about 10 days.