Planting and cultivation techniques and indoor culture management methods of rich trees

Fortune tree, also known as melon chestnut, malabar chestnut, belongs to the evergreen small tree of kapok family, originated in Mexico and Costa Rica, and is now widely cultivated in southern China. Because the name of "fortune tree" represents good luck, plus its beautiful shape, bright green leaves, easy to manage, potted suitable for indoor decoration and beautification use, holidays, hotels, restaurants and most of the public actually purchase, so, fortune tree in recent years in China's flower market has developed rapidly, cultivation of fortune tree has become a good project for the majority of growers to get rich, today we will introduce to you the cultivation technology of fortune tree.

Biological Characteristics of Fortune Tree

1. Morphological characteristics of Fortune Tree: Fortune Tree is an evergreen tree with an upright trunk. The tree can reach a height of about 10 meters. It has a plump fleshy root system, an expanded stem base, smooth green bark of the young trunk, and can also be braided. The leaves of Fortune Tree are palmate compound leaves, with petioles 10~28 cm long and 5~9 leaflets on them. The fruit of the tree is a hard capsule. When the fruit matures, the pericarp changes from green to yellow brown. Each fruit has 10-20 seeds, the seed coat is light brown, and the abdomen has umbilic-shaped scars. The flowers of the tree are pale yellow, the filaments are slender, and there are 2-3 bracteoles.

2, the growth habits of rich trees: rich trees like light and shade, in full sunlight, half sunlight or shade environment can grow, but long-term lack of light will make its growth weaker. The suitable temperature for the growth of the rich tree is 20-30 degrees Celsius, and it can grow below 10 degrees Celsius, but it is easy to produce diseases below 5 degrees Celsius, causing defoliation in light cases and death in heavy cases. The tree has swollen roots and stems, which can store a lot of water, so it is more drought-tolerant. Too much water in the soil will cause the fleshy roots to rot. Fortune tree cultivation on the soil requirements are not too strict, as long as the drainage is good, can grow normally.

3, the shape of the rich tree: the shape of the rich tree can be divided into single-pole shape and braided shape, braided shape is more traditional, there are "three dragons","five dragons","seven dragons" and other common on the market, it has the feminine beauty of the twining branches, graceful, graceful. The single-pole shape, natural beauty, strong vitality, and can grow into a spectacular stump, very stylish, become the new darling of the market, for growers, the cultivation techniques of the two are basically the same.

The reproduction of fortune tree

The propagation of fortune tree can be divided into seed propagation and cuttage propagation. Cuttage propagation is rarely used in horticulture production because of its defects such as unexpanded head stem and unattractive seedling stem. The seed sowing and seedling propagation has the characteristics of uniform emergence, straight roots and smooth seedlings, easy braiding and round and lovely "radish head", which has become a common breeding method adopted by the majority of flower growers. The specific methods are as follows:

1, seed collection and selection: rich tree blossoms twice a year, can also harvest seeds twice, the first flowering in April-May, July-August fruit maturity, the second flowering in September-October, December fruit maturity. Growers should choose mature and full seeds, remove dried, cracked and moldy seeds, and cannot use inferior trees or seeds with obvious diseases.

2. Sowing: Before sowing, we should deeply rake the land and divide the seedbed suitable for seed growth. At both ends of the seedbed, we pull a rope respectively, insert a bamboo stick every 0.3 meters to set the row spacing, and connect the bamboo sticks on both sides with a wooden board to draw a straight shallow ditch. On this shallow ditch, plant a seed according to the plant spacing of 0.1 meters. One mu of land can raise about 10,000 seedlings. When putting seeds, pay attention to the navel facing down, so that the rich tree will grow straight. Seed cover soil thickness is about 2-3 cm, not too thick, so as not to affect the emergence of rich trees. After covering the soil, pay attention to covering the seedbed with a black sunshade net to avoid the seeds from being burned by the sun. Until the seeds germinate, the protection of the sunshade net can be removed.

Daily management of seedlings: After 4 days, seedlings can emerge, and the following management should be done after emergence.

① Watering: After removing the sunshade net, water should be poured once every 1-2 days. The nozzle should be installed before the water pipe. It is not allowed to water directly with the faucet. Watering should be done until the surface of the land is fully wetted. After the seedlings are fully planted, they should be watered once every 3-5 days. After 1-2 months, they should be watered according to the weather and temperature.

Fertilization: The whole seedling period can be fertilized 3-5 times, the first time after the seedlings, the compound fertilizer can be used, the dosage per mu is about 2.5 kg, the artificial spreading method is adopted, because the root system of a single seedling accounts for a small area, so it is very important to spread the fertilizer evenly on the soil, which requires the fertilizer personnel to have special experience, the swing speed of the hand and the walking speed should be uniform, and the leaf surface should be washed with water after fertilization, so that the fertilizer can be absorbed quickly. Fertilize every 1-2 months, gradually increase the amount of fertilizer, the amount per mu between 2.5-7.5 kg.

③ Weeding: Due to the high growth density of seedlings and the need for a lot of nutrients, if there are too many weeds in the seedbed, it will affect the growth and development of seedlings, so growers should pull out the weeds on the seedbed in time.

Field Management of Fortune Tree

1. Seedling: Be careful when picking seedlings with hoe, move slowly, and do not dig the roots of rich trees. Excavated seedlings to carry out two treatments, the first is to cut roots, the long roots cut off, leaving only about 25 cm; the second is pruning: the rich tree stem base above 1.2 meters below the branch cut off, to ensure adequate nutrition supply trunk. Because the development degree of each rich sapling is not necessarily the same, the grower should also grade the saplings according to their height and cannot mix them. Here, it is especially important to remind growers that the seedling time of braided fortune tree is earlier. When the sapling grows to 0.6 meters, it should be planted, while the single-pole fortune tree can not be planted until the sapling grows to 1.5 meters.

2. Planting: The planting of rich trees is divided into two types: braided planting and single planting. Braiding planting means braiding seedlings before transplanting to field cultivation. Here we take the "five dragons" modeling as an example to introduce the braiding method of the rich tree in detail:

① Seedling selection: First of all, we select five rich seedlings, the size and thickness must be consistent, each plant can not have disease or sprain, and then put these seedlings in a cool place for 2-3 days, so that they are dehydrated, so that the stems become softer.

② Braiding method: First of all, we label the five saplings, then put No.1 and No.2 down obliquely to the right, then put No.3 and No.4 down obliquely to the left, and finally put No.5 down in the middle, then tie the roots of the five saplings with rubber bands and fix them together. Then we use No.1 to press the two trees next to it, namely No.2 and No.5, and then use No.4 to press the two trees next to it, namely No.3 and No.1, and so on. We always pressed the outermost sapling against the two next to it, and finally tied the ends of the braid with rubber bands to prevent it from unraveling. Growers should pay attention to the distance between each braid to be uniform, so that the future growth of the rich tree can be beautiful. During operation, the braid will naturally bend to one side and we need to straighten it with a heavy object in the shade. Finally, the pressed straight fortune tree can be implanted into the field. Braiding planting and individual planting are identical except for their different shapes.

③ Generally planted according to the density of about 450 plants per mu. The spacing between seedlings is 0.75 m and the row spacing is 2 m. Growers dig holes with a depth and width of 30 cm on the ground according to this standard, then put 50-100 grams of base fertilizer into each hole, mix fertilizer and soil in the hole evenly with a hoe, plant seedlings vertically in the hole, return soil layer by layer, protect the trunk upright when returning soil, and the depth of soil return should be about the same as that of seedlings buried in the seedbed. Newly planted seedlings should be watered once, about 3 jin of water per plant.

Daily management: After planting, the rich tree needs to strengthen maintenance management to ensure its survival and healthy growth and development. We need to pay attention to the following items.

① watering: rich trees in the growth period of water requirements are not too strict, after planting water can be poured once every two months, if the weather is hot, drought can increase the number of watering, irrigation should reach full irrigation, do not wet the topsoil and the subsoil is still dry, generally should be watered to penetrate 80 to 100 cm deep.

Fertilization: In the first year after planting, topdressing once every six months, using hole application method, hole application is a concentrated fertilization, economic fertilizer method. The specific method is as follows: first, dig a hole with a depth of 10 cm and a width of 20 cm between every two trees and about half a meter from the base of the trunk, then put 25 grams of compound fertilizer into each hole, and finally cover the soil to prevent fertilizer loss. In the dry season, growers can also mix compound fertilizer into water, with an average of 3 jin of water per hole, and fertilize in the form of water and fertilizer, which can accelerate the root absorption of seedlings and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. Fertilize once a year in the second and third years, and the amount used each time is twice that of the first year.

3 pruning: pruning should be carried out in summer, from early June to early July is appropriate, pruning technology is sparse: for example, planting less than one year of the rich tree trunk is low, generally choose to grow vigorously, upright branches as the trunk, the rest of the branches according to different circumstances for thinning, mainly thinning the crown too dense branches and excessive branches. The second is to cut off: that is, cut off the upright and strong lateral branches, according to the principle of pressing the strong and leaving the weak, leaving the straight and flat, cut off the branches in different times, leave small branches under the cut mouth, and cannot cut off from the base, so as not to weaken the growth of trees.

4, common pests and control: rich tree disease resistance is strong, under normal circumstances less pests and diseases, but in high temperature, high humidity, prone to pests and diseases, rich tree common pests are mainly moth larvae, such as Lymantria larvae, Papilio larvae, etc., can be diluted with abamectin solution 1500-2000 times spray treatment; rich tree diseases mainly anthracnose, gray blight and stem rot disease. Below we will introduce to you the treatment of these diseases.

① Anthracnose: its main symptoms are: the disease spots spread from top to bottom, the color of the disease spots is dark brown to gray brown, the control method is to apply less nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus fertilizer, reduce leaf humidity, change leaf watering to base watering, keep good ventilation and good ventilation, the medicine can be sprayed with 600 times solution of Tanteling wettable powder for 2-3 times continuously, once every 7 days.

② leaf blight: its main symptoms are: yellow to grayish yellow spots, irregular shapes, needle-like scattered small particles when humidity is high. The control method is to keep the environment clean, treat the diseased leaves in time, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, enhance the disease resistance of plants, and the medicine can be diluted by 800 times with copper oxychloride suspension agent + mancozeb wettable powder in the ratio of 1:1, and sprayed once every 10-15 days.

③ Stem base rot disease: Its main symptoms are: abnormal color of stem base cortex, dark gray to gray black, and deep extension to xylem, eventually leading to the death of the whole tree. The control method is to operate carefully in the process of seedling, planting and transportation of Fortune Tree to minimize artificial wounds. For light diseased plants, the diseased parts should be scraped with a knife first, and then soaked and disinfected with potassium permanganate 600 times solution. For serious diseased plants, the infected parts should be completely cut off.

After two years of cultivation, when the stem of the fortune tree becomes strong, it can be transferred to potted plants and sold on the market.

Indoor Management of Fortune Tree

In the vast northern areas of our country, the winter temperature is relatively cold, and the rich trees cannot survive outdoors, so they are generally potted indoors, and the rich trees can withstand shade well. Indoor potted maintenance is relatively simple. We should pay attention to the following items:

1, light: rich tree shade tolerance, but like light, such as long-term in the shade, growth will slow down, leaf color will fade, lose luster, so potted plants should be placed in a strong light place, such as close to the window, but also must be regularly moved to the balcony or outdoor to receive light, to restore vitality, but from indoor to outdoor, to gradually, first for a short time such as 1 -2 hours, after a longer time, such as 1 -2 days, first weak light, then strong light, avoid exposure.

2, temperature and humidity: rich trees like temperature and cold, winter room temperature should be kept above 15 degrees Celsius, below 5 degrees Celsius, rich trees may die. The first principle of watering is rather dry than wet, watering more in summer high temperature season and less in winter.

3, pruning: indoor potted trees are generally pruned twice a year, once in spring and autumn, pruning should first cut off the newly grown branches and buds on the trunk, the incision is close to the trunk, the aging and yellowing leaves, redundant weak branches in the crown are cut off, and the branches that have been extended at the top should also be appropriately cut to maintain a beautiful crown.

4, change pot: rich tree root system developed, grow fast, when indoor potted 1-2 years later, when the growth potential becomes weak should be timely change pot, change pot generally in late autumn or winter, do not water before changing pot, if not easy to take out, can be inserted along the pot wall with a shovel, so that the soil and the four walls of the pot are separated, and then, grasp the rhizome back and forth shaking, rich tree from the pot pulled out, put into the prepared container, must not dig out the pot soil, so as not to hurt the roots. When changing pots, proper pruning should be carried out according to the length of root system, removing excessive fibrous roots entangled by rotten roots, then putting them into acid sandy loam with good drainage, which should account for about one-third of the pot, adding 5-10 grams of compound fertilizer, stirring evenly with soil, and finally watering until the outlet hole of the basin bottom flows out.

Rich tree elegant posture, evergreen, has become the best ornamental plants, we sincerely hope that the vast number of farmers friends, relying on scientific cultivation methods, with "rich" good wishes, on a real road to prosperity.

How to grow rich trees? The cultivation and maintenance methods of rich trees

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If you want to make a fortune, trees grow well, in addition to watering, but also to ensure the supply of fertilizer. Fertilize the rich tree and master the principle of thin fertilizer and frequent application. For example, a fortune tree is planted in a flowerpot with a diameter of 20 cm. If biological fertilizer is applied once, only 20 grams can be used. If chemical fertilizer is applied, it will be mixed according to the proportion of 3/1000 and poured into the pot. The method of spraying fertilizer on leaves can also be adopted. Apply fertilizer once every 20 days.

Finally, pay attention to creating a ventilated environment for the rich tree. If it is not ventilated for a long time, the rich tree is easy to get pests.

Mala chestnut is also called melon chestnut, rich tree. For kapok family evergreen small trees. Originated in Mexico and Costa Rica. Palmate leaves, leaflets 7-11, oblong to obovate. There are horticultural varieties, flowers and leaves, rich trees. Because the name of fortune tree is popular with merchants and ordinary citizens, the shape of the tree is beautiful, the leaves are bright green, the trunk is hammer-shaped, and it is suitable for home decoration and beautification after being potted. Therefore, in recent years, it has developed rapidly in China's flower market. Every festival, hotels, restaurants, businesses and citizens compete to purchase, in order to good luck.

The cultivation points of rich tree

1. Temperature. The lowest temperature in winter is 16-18 ° C, below which the leaves of the trees turn yellow and fall off; the trees below 10 ° C are easy to die.

2. Light. Fortune tree is a strong positive plant, which is planted in Hainan Island and other places. However, the fruit tree has a strong ability to withstand shade and can be continuously enjoyed in places with weak indoor light for 2-4 weeks. Then put it in a place where the light is strong.

3. Water. Rich trees in the high temperature growth period to have sufficient water, but drought resistance is strong, not a few days without watering will not suffer. Rich trees avoid ponding in pots and reduce watering in winter.

4. Air temperature. Growth period likes higher air temperature; can often spray a small amount of water to the leaves.

5. Change pots for rich trees. The pots can be changed in spring as needed.

Hand tree commonly known as rich tree, for the five families false wood is evergreen shrubs or small trees, stem upright, leaves alternate, long handle, palmate compound leaves, there are 9-12 leaflets, leaflets 12-15 cm long, about 6 cm wide. Because of its unique tree shape, common name auspicious, because of its auspicious good omen, so recently introduced cultivation gradually more.

This flower is native to Australia and some islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is suitable for warm, humid and well-ventilated environments. It likes sun and is slightly tolerant of shade. It grows best in loose, fertile and well-drained soils.

Potted rich tree 1-2 years should change a pot, in the spring when the house, and yellow leaves and weak branches and other necessary pruning, promote its germination of new shoots. Watering should follow the principle of dry and wet. In spring and autumn, watering density should be controlled according to sunny and rainy weather, dry and wet weather, etc. Generally, watering once a day, when the temperature exceeds 35℃, watering at least twice a day, fertilizing twice a month in the growing season, spraying water on newly grown leaves to maintain high environmental humidity; shading should be carried out from June to September, maintaining 60%-70% transmittance or placing it in a place with bright scattered light. After entering the room in winter, the temperature should not be lower than 5℃, it is better to keep it at about 10℃, water 5-7 days once, and ensure that sufficient light is given. In addition, in the growing season, such as poor ventilation, prone to red spiders and scale insects harm, should pay attention to observation. Insect pests should be caught or sprayed in time.

How to breed rich trees? The cultivation and maintenance methods of rich trees

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If you want to make a fortune, trees grow well, in addition to watering, but also to ensure the supply of fertilizer. Fertilize the rich tree and master the principle of thin fertilizer and frequent application. For example, a fortune tree is planted in a flowerpot with a diameter of 20 cm. If biological fertilizer is applied once, only 20 grams can be used. If chemical fertilizer is applied, it will be mixed according to the proportion of 3/1000 and poured into the pot. The method of spraying fertilizer on leaves can also be adopted. Apply fertilizer once every 20 days.

Finally, pay attention to creating a ventilated environment for the rich tree. If it is not ventilated for a long time, the rich tree is easy to get pests.

Malama chestnut, also known as melon chestnut, is a rich tree. It is a small evergreen tree of the kapok family. Originally from Mexico, Costa Rica. Leaves palmate, leaflets 7-11, oblong to Obovate. There are horticultural varieties, flowers and leaves, rich trees. Because the name of the rich tree is welcomed by businessmen and the general public, with beautiful shape, bright green leaves and hammer-shaped trunk, it is suitable for layout and beautification at home, so it has developed rapidly in China's flower market in recent years. During festivals, hotels, restaurants, businesses and citizens scramble to buy more for good luck.

Key points of cultivation of Wealth Tree

1. Temperature. The lowest temperature in winter is 16-18 ℃, below which the leaves of the rich trees turn yellow and fall off, and the rich trees below 10 ℃ are easy to die.

2. Light. The rich tree is a strong positive plant, which is planted in open field in Hainan Island and other places. However, the wealth tree has a strong ability to tolerate shade, and it can be enjoyed continuously for 2-4 weeks in places with weak indoor light. And then put it in a place with strong light.

3. Water. The rich tree should have sufficient water during the high temperature growing period, but it has strong drought tolerance and will not be harmed if it is not watered for several days. Rich trees must avoid stagnant water in the basin and reduce watering in winter.

4. Air temperature. The growth period likes the higher air temperature; can often spray a small amount of water to the leaf surface.

5. Change the basin of the rich tree. The basin can be changed in spring as needed.

Hand tree, commonly known as wealth tree, is an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Araliaceae, with erect stems, alternate leaves, long stalks, palmately compound leaves, 12 leaflets, 12-15 cm long and 6 cm wide. Because of its peculiar tree-shaped leaf shape, commonly known as auspicious, and because of its good luck, more and more people have been introduced recently.

This flower is native to Australia and some islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is suitable for warm, moist, ventilated and well-ventilated environment. It grows best in loose, fertile and well-drained soil.

Potted rich trees should change their pots once in 1-2 years, when they leave the house in spring, and prune yellow leaves and weak branches to promote them to germinate new shoots. Watering should follow the principle of wet between dry and dry. In spring and autumn, watering is dense according to the weather, such as sunny, rainy, dry and wet, generally once a day, when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, at least twice a day, fertilizing twice a month in the growing season, and spraying water for new leaves to maintain high environmental humidity; shade should be carried out from June to September to maintain 60% to 70% light transmittance or placed in a place with bright scattered light. After entering the room in winter, the temperature should not be lower than 5 ℃, it is better to keep it at about 10 ℃, water it once every 5-7 days, and ensure sufficient light. In addition, in the growing season, such as poor ventilation, prone to red spiders and shell insects, should pay attention to observation. Insect pests should be caught or sprayed in time.