Planting techniques and cultivation Management techniques of Jasmine

Jasmine is a perennial evergreen shrub of the genus Jasminaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions. Jasmine leaves emerald green, flowers clean white jade run, fragrance is gentle and gentle, is known as the first fragrant flowers, has excellent ornamental value. At the same time, it also has high economic value. Jasmine is the most important fragrant flower for tea in China. Jasmine tea is scented with jasmine and tea to make tea full-bodied and refreshing, and to store fragrant flowers. Tea absorbs flowers, flowers increase tea, and tea flowers are integrated. Jasmine tea is not only widely loved by the Chinese people, but also unique and famous in the international market. Jasmine is an important raw material for extracting essence, and jasmine can also be used as medicine. Our county is cultivated as a fragrant flower of scented tea, giving full play to a higher economy.

Garden site selection

Jasmine is native to the subtropics and adapts to the environmental conditions of high temperature and fertile soil. the requirements for the ecological environment are as follows: like light and shade, fat and thin, acid and alkali, gas and boredom. Therefore, when we choose the garden, we should be as close to its ecological environment as possible, and choose the land with sufficient light, deep soil, fertile and sour soil, adequate water source, good drainage and irrigation and convenient transportation to plant jasmine. After entering the flower picking season, jasmine must be picked and shipped to the processing plant for sale every day, and the number of days of picking flowers is more than 200 days a year, so the land for planting jasmine should be within 10 kilometers from the jasmine factory, which is convenient for flower transportation and sales.

Variety selection

Jasmine belongs to rhinoceros species, jasmine genus and evergreen climbing shrubs. According to the investigation, there are more than 60 jasmine varieties in China at present, among which there are mainly three cultivated varieties: single jasmine, double jasmine and multipetal jasmine.

1. Single jasmine: the plant is short, 70-90 cm high, and the stems and branches are small and vine-shaped, so it is said that the buds are slightly longer, smaller and lighter, the yield is lower than double-petal jasmine, higher than multi-petal jasmine, not cold-resistant, not resistant to waterlogging, and weak in resistance to diseases and insect pests.

2. Double-petal jasmine is the main variety used for scenting scented tea cultivated in a large area in China. The plant is 1-1.5 meters high, erect, with many branches, thick and hard stems and branches, thick green leaves, thick and shiny leaves, and flowers larger than single-petal jasmine and multi-petal jasmine. The buds are white, oily and waxy. The flower fragrance is strong, the growth is robust, the adaptability is strong, the fresh flower yield (more than 3 years) can reach more than 500 kg per mu.

3. Multi-petal jasmine: the branches have obvious pompous protuberances, the leaves are dark green, the flowers are tight, round and small, and the top is slightly notched. The opening time of multi-petal jasmine is too long, the aroma is lighter and the yield is low, so it is generally not used as a flower for scenting scented tea.

Seedling raising technique of jasmine

Jasmine flowers generally do not bear fruit after flowering (rare), so asexual reproduction can only be used in production. There are several methods, such as cutting, pressing, dividing plants and so on. Jasmine has strong regeneration ability, cuttage method, fast rooting and high seedling rate compared with strip pressing method and plant separation method, so it has the advantages of simple operation and material saving, so it is widely used.

1. Striping propagation: striping propagation is to press the middle part of the jasmine plant into the soil by using the sprouting branches or shoots of a certain length in the lower part of the jasmine plant, so that it can produce new roots and become independent new plants after cutting off the mother branch. The premise is that there must be a jasmine mother tree, and each clump of mother tree can not press many branches, can not meet the supply of a large number of seedlings, generally use potted plants and lack of ponds to supplement seedlings.

2. Split propagation: Jasmine is a tufted shrub, and the rhizome can produce many adventitious roots. More than two-year-old plants often have several stem branches, which can be used for branch propagation. The premise of this method is that there must be more than two-year-old jasmine mother trees. And the number of propagation is lower than that of striping and cutting, which can not meet the needs of large-scale cultivation.

3. Cutting propagation: the advantage is that the nursery bed occupies a small area, the land utilization rate is high, and about 100000 seedlings can be propagated per mu. Because the cuttage is concentrated in the nursery, it is easy to manage, and there is room for full selection of seedlings, so the quality of seedlings is high, the growth is neat, and at the same time, it is suitable for large-scale production, so it is widely used in production. The operation method of cutting seedlings:

① selected cuttings: the cuttings used for reproduction mainly come from the branches cut off during the annual overpruning. It is necessary to choose the middle and lower part of the same branch, which is free from diseases and insect pests and has a certain thickness.

The choice of ② nursery: sand or sandy loam that requires loose and fertile soil, sufficient water, convenient drainage and irrigation, and convenient transportation.

③ soil preparation soil moisture: nursery land deep sun before raising seedlings, rake fine leveling, all around dig a good drainage and irrigation ditch, according to soil moisture surface width 120cm, ditch width 25cm, deep 20cm ditch management soil moisture, soil moisture surface leveling, soil particles, after fully wetting the seedbed, with pre-bud herbicide-du A mixture 150ml / mu with water spray seedbed. In winter, seedlings are covered with plastic film on the bed.

Cutting and processing of ④ cuttings: collect the branches cut during annual overhaul in a shaded place, organize manpower to cut cuttings, the method of operation is: select branches with 2-3 nodes, about 10 cm in length, cut off leaves, the upper end is 1 cm away from axillary buds, cut flat, the lower end is about 1 cm away from axillary buds into a 45-degree oblique, according to 80-100 a bundle, the cut cuttings are moisturized and preserved in a cool place. The cuttings should be treated with chemicals before cutting. first, soak the cuttings in 1000 times solution for 3-5 minutes, remove and dry. Then soak it in 50PPM rooting powder solution for 20-30 minutes, and then cut it on the seedbed according to the row spacing of 12 cm × 4 cm. When cutting, the top of the cuttage is about 3 cm away from the soil surface. 150000 cuttings can be cut per mu.

Nursery bed management of ⑤ cutting: the seedbed of cuttings should keep the soil moist, pay attention to weeding frequently in sunny days, and keep the seedlings free of weeds. The seedling of the nursery bed is small, the root system is few, want to apply water fertilizer, had better use clear dung water to apply. Apply fertilizer frequently and fertilize once a month. The diseases and insect pests found in the seedling bed should be prevented and controlled in time, and the available sclerotia 1000 times + Chongdan 1000 times should be sprayed once a month. After the seedlings grow to 6-8 months, there are more than 2 branches, two layers of roots, the height of more than 30 cm can come out of the nursery.

Transplant

1. Transplanting period: spring and autumn are the best.

2. Cultivation specifications: in order to facilitate arrangement, soil moisture should be planted. Soil moisture width is beneficial to fertilization, soil cultivation and harvest. Generally, soil moisture width is 120 cm, soil moisture height is 20 cm, and soil moisture ditch width is 25 cm. On both sides of the soil moisture surface, a planting ditch with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 10 cm is dug. The plant spacing is 25 cm, the row spacing is 60 cm, and 4000 plants are planted per mu.

3. Transplanting method: select seedlings with plant height of more than 30 cm, two or more branches, two layers of roots, normal leaf color, robust plants and no diseases and insect pests, cut off more than 25 cm branches and leaves, and cut off overlong roots. At the same time, 0.1% Spock + 0.3% calcium solution was dipped in the root treatment for 3-5 minutes and then planted in the planting ditch according to the plant spacing of 25 cm, and the straight and straight roots should be planted with the soil. There is no cavity phenomenon, can not expose the root system, irrigate enough fixed root water. The soil moisture can be covered with bagasse, straw, sugarcane leaves and so on.

Pruning and truncation of jasmine

The jasmine grows rapidly and blossoms in the same year when it is planted, and the yield is the highest in the third and fourth years. After 6-7 years of fixed value, the plant begins to decline and the yield decreases gradually. In order to ensure the high and stable yield of jasmine, pruning and cutting should be carried out every year, and the phenomenon of senescence should be renewed.

1. Topping and truncation: young jasmine (6 months), with small seedling frame and few branches, need to cultivate high-yield tree shape as soon as possible, so it is necessary to top, destroy the top growth, urge it to put more branches and form more buds. Through the investigation, topping is 7-10 days earlier than non-topping and budding, and the number of new branches is 2-3 times more. Topping should also be carried out when there are buds, mainly for newly planted young trees. The truncation is to cut the long branches before budding in the first and middle of February every year, retaining 3-4 pairs of leaves, which weakens the tip dominance of the long branches and promotes the early gestation of buds. After entering the flower picking period, a short cut of each bouquet of flowers should be carried out according to the growth position and density of the branches, so that each clump of jasmine can maximize the light surface, so that the main branches and branches are evenly distributed, ventilated and breathable, and each short branch accounts for about 2/3 of the total number of branches.

2. Winter pruning: in addition to topping and cutting, pruning is also the main technical measure for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of jasmine, which is carried out after the middle of December every year or before the end of January of the following year. First, large pruning, that is, a large flat pruning is carried out 20-25 cm above the ground to form a neat crown, and then when pruning every year, the pruning surface is increased by about 3 cm, and withered branches, weak branches, diseased branches and drooping branches are also cut off when pruning. Pruning can reduce nutrient loss and make the main branches and new buds grow and thrive. The pruned branches can be used for cutting seedlings, and the parts that can not be used should be burned centrally, and the pruning should be combined with the management of ploughing and fertilization.

3. Summer pruning: summer pruning of jasmine is through agrotechnical measures to create a good environment for ventilation and light transmission of jasmine, and at the same time according to the market situation of jasmine. Artificially adjust the peak period of flower production, avoid the low tide of flower prices, and improve the efficiency of flower planting. The pruned branches of jasmine are jasmine trees planted for more than one year. In the first ten days of June every year, the jasmine is cut flat from 50-60 cm above the ground with tools such as heavy pruning and electric hedge shearing, cutting off all the upper branches and leaves, so that the jasmine tree forms a neat crown and removes the cut branches and leaves, and then removes all the diseased branches, withered branches, drooping and weak branches in the lower part. After pruning, ploughing and loosening the soil in time, 40 kg of jasmine special fertilizer and 15 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer were applied per mu to control diseases and insect pests in time.

4. Renewal: after 6-7 years of jasmine planting, the plant growth and development ability declined, and some jasmine orchards or individual plants aged prematurely due to poor management and slow growth, which should also be renewed. The specific approach is: use large pruning shears to cut off all the parts above 3-5 cm from the ground, or cut them flat on the ground, then fertilize and cultivate the soil to promote the re-branching of the aboveground part.

Fertilizer and water management

Jasmine is a kind of cash crop for the purpose of collecting fresh buds. The annual flowering period in our county is 9 months (about 200 days), and sufficient fertilizer input is needed during the whole flowering period.

1. Water management: Jasmine seedlings should be watered sufficiently after planting. According to the water requirements of jasmine flowers, the soil water content should be kept between 60-70%. Too much water will lead to rotten roots, leaf yellow and serious black root death. Drought will lead to withered leaves and dry flowers, so pay attention to drought irrigation and dig drainage ditches in rainy days to prevent stagnant water. Once the flowers and trees appear leaf micro-roll should be timely watering or irrigating horse water.

2. Soil management: intertillage weeding is to create a breathable, water-conserving, loose, weed-free environment for jasmine trees. Intertillage weeding should be carried out more than 6-7 times a year, with proper deep ploughing far away from the base of seedlings and shallow ploughing near. Generally, it is about 7 cm into the soil. After ploughing in the dry season, the soil moisture is covered with a layer of bagasse, sugarcane leaves, straw and so on, which has the effect of grass control and drought resistance.

Pest control

The main diseases of jasmine are white silk disease and branch blight, and the main pests are jasmine bud borer (Bemisia Tabaci), Bemisia Tabaci, leaf roller, thrips, red spiders and so on.

1. White silk disease

White silk disease (flower rot) is a disease caused by fungal infection. The main manifestations are as follows: first, the basal branches and lower roots near the ground spread and expand, forming a white silk-like film, and gradually forming white and yellow oilseed particles, namely sclerotia, which is the main symptom to identify white silk disease. After the disease of the seedlings, the cortex of the stems and roots of the affected parts rotted, the nutrition of the plants was blocked, the leaves withered and fell off, and finally the whole plant died.

Prevention and control methods: strict quarantine, put an end to the source of bacteria, do a good job of garden drainage, use 1000 times of Spake spray during flowering, dig out and burn the seriously diseased plants, and replant the original soil after disinfecting the sclerotia.

2. Branch blight

The disease occurs frequently in spring and autumn, especially in autumn, which has a great influence on the yield after autumn. the disease first produces small brown markings at the base of the new branch in the same year, and the upper part of the branch keeps normal growth. With the expansion of the disease spot, when the nutrient transport of a side branch is endangered, the upper branches and leaves begin to wither, and then turn into brown diseased branches. When the disease spot extends to the whole cortex at the base of the branch, all the branches and leaves above the disease site die.

Prevention and control methods: timely pruning withered branches to prevent spread and infection, spraying 1000 times chlorothalonil after picking flowers.

3. Main insect pests of jasmine

The main pests that damage jasmine flowers are jasmine bud borer, Bemisia Tabaci, leaf borer, thrips, red spiders and so on.

Control methods: ① winter pruning, garden cleaning, elimination of overwintering sources, combined with flower picking to remove damaged buds and shoots. After each flower harvest, ② will remove and burn the disease and insect branches in combination with topping and short cutting. ③ drugs are used to control pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, such as Tiantai, high efficiency hero, Yijing, propargite and so on.

Harvesting, storage and transportation of jasmine

The purpose of planting jasmine is to pick flowers with good quality and large quantity and to process scented tea. therefore, in addition to strengthening management, the last key measure is to harvest, store and transport flowers in a timely and reasonable manner.

The main contents are as follows: 1. The standard of flower harvest: the flower bud is mature and can be opened and fragrant that night (including the package to be put). The specific requirements are: flower buds mature, full and plump, white color, single short pedicel, disease-free and insect-free flowers, no flowers, no flowering, no stems and leaves and other sundries.

2. Picking method: hold the flower stalk with the tip of thumb and index finger, the palm of the hand is oblique and the index finger is a little harder, the flower bud can be picked.

3. The method of storage and transportation: when picking flowers, use bamboo baskets or cloth bags to hold flowers to avoid direct sunlight. After concentrating the flowers, use bamboo baskets or nylon mesh bags to transport them to the purchase place in time.

The planting technique of how to plant jasmine

Jasmine flowers are erect or climbing shrubs, branchlets sparsely pilose. Fruit globose, ca. 1 cm in diameter, purple-black at maturity. The flowering period is from May to August and the fruiting period is from July to September. Native to India and Pakistan, it has long been introduced and widely planted in China. Today, the editor will briefly introduce the method of growing jasmine to you.

Cultivation

For jasmine planting, potted jasmine should be watered early or late every day in midsummer. If the air is dry, it needs supplementary spraying. During the dormant period in winter, it is necessary to control the amount of watering. If the potted soil is too wet, it will cause rotten roots or fallen leaves. During the growth period, thin cake fertilizer should be applied once a week. After changing pots in spring, you should often pick the heart for plastic surgery, and re-cut it after flowering to facilitate the germination of new branches, so that the plant is neat and robust and blossoms vigorously.

Fertilizer application

Jasmine planting-fertilization, frequently apply liquid fertilizer containing more phosphorus from June to September, preferably every 2-3 days, fertilizer can be used mature bean cake and fishy water fertilizer liquid, or ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, general chemical fertilizer ingredients will burn jasmine plants. Jasmine pot culture requires that the cultivated soil is rich in organic matter, and has good water permeability and aeration properties. Generally, 4 parts of pastoral soil, 4 parts of compost, 2 parts of river sand or grain bran ash, plus an appropriate amount of fully rotten dried cake, chicken and duck manure, and sift out the powder and coarse grains, cover the bottom with coarse grains.

Change soil

Jasmine planting-change the soil, potted jasmine should generally be changed once a year. When changing the basin, part of the old soil and residual roots around the jasmine root system were removed and replaced with a new culture soil to improve the soil aggregate structure and nutrients, which was beneficial to the growth of jasmine. When you change the basin, water it thoroughly as if it were on the basin, so that the root soil can be connected closely and the growth can be restored. Before changing the basin, the jasmine should be trimmed once, leaving only about 10 cm for the branches born last year, and cut off the diseased and withered branches and the over-dense and thin branches. During the growing period, the old leaves that are too dense are often removed, which can promote the germination of axillary buds and the emergence of new branches and long buds.

Maintenance

After planting jasmine, you must learn to maintain. Jasmine likes fertilizer very much. as long as it is properly maintained, potted jasmine can blossom three times a year. If there is not enough fertilizer and nutrients, after blooming once, it will no longer blossom. If the management is in place, it can be opened continuously from the end of May to the beginning of November. The key is the mastery of pruning, sunshine, and water. In early June, jasmine blossoms one after another, and the method of picking flowers is to pick the twigs with leaves to promote the re-emergence of new branches and luxuriant branches and leaves. At this time, apply light fertilizer and water twice a week, and keep the basin soil moist.

Jasmine is pure, full-bodied, Qingfen and ancient, and its flower language expresses loyalty, respect, purity, chastity, simplicity, exquisite and charming. Many countries regard it as the flower of love, and young men and women send jasmine flowers to each other to express their faithful love. It is also passed on among people as the flower of friendship. Put the jasmine wreath around the guest's neck and hang it to the chest to show respect and friendship, which has become a kind of hospitality etiquette. That's all for today's editor's introduction to jasmine planting.

The planting of jasmine, the planting of jasmine, the method of raising potted jasmine.

Jasmine planting, what is the process of jasmine planting, which is a matter of great concern to friends who like to cultivate jasmine. It is easy to grow jasmine in soil, but it is difficult to plant in pot. in order to achieve the similar effect with soil cultivation, we must make efforts in cultivation technology. what are the planting techniques of jasmine? What are the ways to raise potted jasmine? 1. Using soil: the soil is required to be loose and fertile, with good drainage, preferably sandy soil. The soil can be mixed with rotten leaf soil, fine sand and gardener. The cultivation base prepared in this way can sprout magic well and have a long life. 2. Watering: in winter and spring, the amount of watering should be determined according to the ambient temperature. The lower the temperature, the less watering. Just keep the box slightly moist. The growth is exuberant in summer, there is a great demand for water, and it is necessary to spray water on the leaves of plants on a hot noon. But summer should also help prevent waterlogging. 3. Fertilization: fertilizing jasmine should be mainly during the period from late spring to early autumn. In addition to the need to apply thick fertilizer to the plant several times before blooming and after blooming, apply thin fertilizer frequently at other times, about once a week. Only with fat jasmine can the branches blossom, the leaves are greenish and the flowers are fragrant. 4. Lighting: it is best to put jasmine in the all-day place. If the conditions do not permit, it should also be exposed to no less than 4 hours of sunlight a day. It is appropriate to put jasmine outdoors, if it is placed on the inside of the glass window, it will have a certain impact on plant photosynthesis. 5. Temperature control: if you want to raise potted jasmine well, temperature control is particularly important. When growing vigorously, it should be prevented from growing in an environment of 25-30 degrees. Jasmine grows slowly or basically does not grow in winter and spring. It is OK to prevent it from coming out at a temperature of 5-10 degrees, which is very important to ensure the normal growth of jasmine in summer and autumn and avoid death in the cold season. 6. Pruning: Jasmine grows strongly, so reasonable pruning is very important. Usually in winter, jasmine should get rid of the old branches, preserve nutrients, and sprout more new buds in old age. After the jasmine begins to bloom in large numbers in summer, it is also necessary to cut short the withered branches, because the jasmine flowers are planted at the top of the branches. After this treatment, the jasmine grows more vigorously and lives longer.

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