Planting methods and cultivation management techniques of zinnia

Zinnia is a famous ornamental plant, also known as zinnia, Bubugao, fireball, opposite-leaf chrysanthemum, etc., is an annual herb of Compositae, native to Mexico, with single, double, rolled leaves, wrinkled leaves and a variety of horticultural varieties of different colors. It is widely cultivated all over China and sometimes becomes wild. Let's take a look at the planting method of Zinnia.

The Propagation method of Zinnia

1. Seed reproduction: before sowing, the soil and seeds should be strictly disinfected to prevent diseases and insect pests during the growing period. The seeds can be sowed from early April to late June. The seeds are disinfected by soaking seeds with 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and the matrix is prepared with 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of river sand, 2 parts of peat and 2 parts of perlite. Before sowing, the substrate was wet and sowed on demand, and a layer of vermiculite should be covered after sowing. It could germinate in 3 to 5 days at 21: 23 ℃.

2. Cutting propagation: zinnia can also use cutting to raise seedlings, but cutting seedlings are not as neat as sowing seedlings, you can choose to grow 10 cm side buds for cutting, generally take root in 5-7 days, and later cultivation management is the same as sowing, which can be out of the nursery after 30-45 days.

The planting method of zinnia

The main results are as follows: 1. Plant stereotyping: if the zinnia is not treated with coring, there are too few lateral branches and few flowers, and proper coring can promote the dwarfing of the plant and the increase of flowers. When the seedlings grow to 4 leaves, plant and pick the heart to promote the growth of lower branches to form a better plant shape. After a week of planting, we began to pick the heart, leaving 4 pairs of true leaves, and depending on the growth and branching of the plant, we decided whether to pick the heart again or not.

2. Water and fertilizer management: 2: 3 grams of compound fertilizer was applied to the bottom of the basin during planting, and 800 times of solution was used to disinfect the roots after planting. The basin soil should be kept moist within one week of planting to promote the growth of the surface root system. Topdressing can be started when the root system grows to the bottom of the basin, fertilizing 2-3 times a week, and calcium fertilizer can be added once.

3. Timely coring: after 1 week of planting, it can be sprayed with fungicide and heavy fertilizer for one time. In the reproductive stage about two weeks after the last heart extraction, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be gradually increased, such as spraying 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to promote more flowers and colorful flowers, and correspondingly reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

4. Temperature and light: Saussurea likes to be warm and sunny, and can not bear the heat, high temperature and cold. The suitable temperature for growth is 18: 20 ℃ in daytime and 15: 16 ℃ at night. The growth is particularly rapid in summer, and all-day sunshine can be used directly. If there is not enough sunshine, the plant is easy to grow, the resistance is also weak, and flowering will also be affected.

Disease and pest control of zinnia

1. White star disease

[symptoms] the disease occurred on the leaves of the hundred-day grass, with a small dark brown spot at the beginning, and then a gray-white spot with a diameter of 2mm and a gray-white center around it. Most of the disease occurs on the lower leaves, and when it is serious, the leaves curl up and wither, and there are dark green mildew on the surface of the disease spot.

[prevention and control] strengthen the management, apply enough fertilizer, cultivate strong seedlings, prevent rain and shade, strengthen the ventilation of the shed, reduce the humidity, and remove the sick and disabled body in time. Remove the diseased leaves in time at the initial stage of the disease, and then spray immediately for prevention and treatment, you can use a Bordeaux solution with a concentration of 0.5-200 times Bordeaux solution plus 0.1% sulfur powder, or 65% zinc wettable powder 500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times, or 50% dichlorothalonium 800 times. 1000 times.

2. Black spot

[symptoms] small black-brown spots first appeared on the leaves, and soon expanded into large spots of regular shape, 2mm to 10mm in diameter and reddish brown. With the expansion and increase of spots, the whole leaf became brown and withered. The disease on the stem begins at the base of the petiole, develops longitudinally and becomes a long dark brown spot. The symptoms of flower organ damage were similar to those of leaves, and soon the petals shrunk and dried up.

[prevention and control] choose the area with good arrangement for planting. Planting density should be appropriate. Avoid continuous cropping. The seeds should be disinfected before sowing. After autumn, diseased leaves and stems were centrally destroyed, the source of infection in the coming year was eliminated, seeds were left from healthy mother plants without disease, and 5000 times of mancozeb or mancozeb were sprayed with 50% mancozeb. Special attention should be paid to spraying evenly on the back surface of leaves when spraying.

3. Mosaic disease

[symptoms] occur all over the country, often causing plant dwarfism and degeneration, with a slight mottling on the leaves at the beginning of the disease, and then a deep and light green mottle disease. The symptoms are more obvious in the new leaves.

[control] the control of aphid and disease has a certain control effect on the mosaic disease of zinnia. Attention should also be paid to the hygienic management in the field and the eradication of diseased plants so as to reduce the source of infection.

Habits, planting and cultivation methods of zinnia

Scientific name: zinniaelegqnsjacq.

Alias: to Yemei, hundred-day chrysanthemum, Bubugao.

Families and genera: Compositae.

Morphology: annual herbs, erect stems, plant height 50-90 cm, whole plant hirsute, simple leaves opposite, ovate to long elliptic, entire, slightly clasping at base, solitary branch end of head, flowers in red, orange, white and yellow colors. From June to October for a long time. Achene.

Habits: like light, drought tolerance, strong sex, lax soil requirements.

Propagation and cultivation: sowed in the open field in early April. Because the slow seedling after the injury of the main root, it should be planted early, cut off the whole inflorescence to dry after the petal withered.

Uses: decorate flower beds and flower borders, and can also be used as cut flowers.

How to cultivate the grass flower hundred-day grass? The cultivation methods and management of zinnia annual herbs, like light, temperature, prefer moisture, but also can withstand a certain drought, strong sex, cultivation soil is required to be loose and fertile. The soil is barren and too dry, which will directly affect the number, color and diameter of flowers. Although the height of zinnia varieties is different, it is generally controlled between 20-30cm. It is not only suitable for use in flower beds and flower borders, but also an excellent material in art. Sowing and raising seedlings: about 125,300,300 and 1500 seeds per gram of large flower type, medium flower type and multi-flower type respectively. The largest amount is used in flower beds, flower decorations and flower mirrors during the National Day. The sowing time is generally controlled from June to July, and autumn sowing is also carried out, but due to the influence of temperature and other factors, it has a certain impact on flower color and plant shape, so autumn sowing is generally not used. The sowing medium adopts relatively loose artificial medium, such as bed sowing and disk sowing, and burrowing plate can also be used to raise seedlings under some conditions. the medium requires a pH value of 5.8-6.2 and an EC value of 0.75. after disinfection, the sowing medium can be kept at 22-24 ℃ and the seedlings will emerge in 3-5 days. The first stage: 3 days after sowing, the radicle is on display, the degree of wetness of the medium should be relatively dry, too moist, easy to cause seed rot. However, it is very important to maintain moisture and sufficient oxygen around the seeds at this stage, so it is very beneficial to seed germination to cover with a thin layer of coarse vermiculite or loose ridge ash after sowing. Open seedlings must be covered with shade nets to ensure humidity and lower temperature (if sowing in the germination chamber, appropriate supplementary light can be given). No fertilizer is needed at this stage. The second stage: keep the soil relatively moist, neither too wet nor too dry, too wet can easily cause disease, too dry will lead to seedling wilting. At this time, the main root grows to 1-2cm, the cotyledons expand, and the first pair of true leaves begin to grow, and the seedlings can gradually see light. Fertilization can be started, generally using 0.05% urea or 50ppm20-10-20 water-soluble fertilizer, N can promote vegetative growth. The third stage: when the seedlings enter the rapid growth period, the water management should be strengthened and the circulation process from dry to wet to dry should be carried out, which is beneficial to the root growth of seedlings and can also avoid overgrowth. At this stage, attention should be paid to pest control, 0.1% urea or compound fertilizer can be applied properly, and the proportion of N-P-K can be 15-15-15 (or according to the market supply, the content of N and K can be slightly higher. P content can be on the low side. If the conditions permit, the temperature of the medium and environment should be reduced to about 20 ℃, but it is difficult to control the temperature when sowing under the condition of bed sowing, and the full light environment is needed at this stage, otherwise it is easy to cause seedlings to grow. According to the growth trend of the seedling stage, the moisture should be controlled properly. Pay attention to the ventilation of the environment to prevent diseases. Spray chlorothalonil or methyl topiramate every other week or so. If overgrowth occurs at this stage, B9 should be sprayed immediately to control the height. The fourth stage: the root system has been well formed, and when there are 3-4 pairs of true leaves, overgrowth occurs. B9 should be sprayed immediately to control the height, and the temperature and humidity requirements are the same as the third stage. After the seedling refining stage, it is ready to be transplanted into the pot. Transplant / upper basin: when there are 2-3 pairs of true leaves, they can be transplanted into the pot; if they are seeded on the plate or in the bed, they can also be put on the pot directly when there are 3-4 pairs of real leaves. According to the requirements of plant height and plant diameter, the nutrition bowl of 12 × 13 is generally used, which can be put in place at one time, and there is no need to change the basin. The root system of hole-plate seedlings is less damaged and the transplant is easy to survive; for open seedlings, more mud should be carried out as much as possible, and the transplanting time should be carried out in the evening or cloudy days to improve the survival rate. Light regulation: zinnia is a positive plant, growth and flowering require sufficient sunlight, lack of sunlight is easy to produce stem node length, affecting the ornamental effect. There is no need for shade during the whole growing period after potting. Temperature control: zinnia likes temperature, but under the extremely hot summer conditions, the growth potential is slightly weaker, the flowering effect is not ideal, and the optimum temperature for growth and flowering is 15-20 ℃. The sowing date of zinnia is controlled in summer to prepare flowers for National Day. During the growth period, the high temperature above 35 ℃ generally will not affect the growth. Cultivation management: when there are too many Rain Water in the rainy season, it is easy to cause excessive elongation of internodes, so attention should be paid to eliminating stagnant water and spraying B9 at an appropriate time; long sunny and little rain in summer, too dry, easy to weaken the growth potential and affect the color of flowers, water and fertilizer management should be paid attention to at this time. During the whole growth period, proper water control and dry humidity between basin and soil are beneficial to root development and height control. Potted fertilizer is usually applied once every 7-10 days, and topdressing can be carried out depending on the growth. 0.2% urea and compound fertilizer are used at intervals, and urea is stopped one month later. According to the growth condition after flowering, the interval of topdressing application of compound fertilizer can be prolonged appropriately. Because the lateral branches of zinnia have the habit of terminal bud flowering, if the natural growth is not controlled, the flowering site will be higher and higher, affecting the beautiful plant shape, timely coring before and after transplanting and controlling the plant shape. In general, 2-3 pairs of true leaves are retained. Hundred-day grass can be pruned, but it grows poorly after pruning, so this method is generally not used. Diseases and insect pests: the main diseases of zinnia are: seedling stage quenching disease, growing period bacterial wilt disease, stem rot disease, leaf spot disease; insect pests are: night moth, red spider, cabbage worm and so on.