Culture conditions and methods of abalone

In recent years, abalone as an important member of the "sea eight treasures", because of its high nutritional value and exquisite cooking methods and favored by consumers, in the banquet guests, gifts to relatives and friends, abalone is regarded as a symbol of dignity and wealth, with the continuous expansion of the consumer market, abalone breeding has ushered in a golden age, let's take a look at the abalone breeding conditions and breeding methods!

Abalone farming conditions

1. Seaweed reproduction and rich bait.

2. The sea area with smooth water and stable seawater proportion, which is maintained above 1.020 throughout the year.

3. The substrate is rocky rocks.

4. The sea area without industrial pollution, few harmful organisms, no freezing in winter and floating ice in spring is suitable.

How abalone breeds

Abalone is dioecious, but it does not mate. To the breeding season, male and female gonads mature, they are sperm and eggs discharged into the seawater in vitro, eggs in the seawater encounter sperm can be fertilized development, its reproduction method is very similar to the reproduction of bivalves.

Generally in summer and autumn two seasons reproduction, egg fertilization after floating trochelle larvae and face plate larvae, after sinking into the sea floor metamorphosis into young abalone. The abalone grows slowly, with shells reaching 2-3 cm after one year and 4-5 cm after two years. Abalone with shells longer than 10 cm can grow for about six or seven years.

Abalone farming methods

1. Raft culture at sea: Multi-layer abalone cage is better. The diameter of multi-layer abalone cage is 45~50 cm and the height is 100~200 cm. The 4~10 layers of plastic plate are connected by iron rod and plastic sleeve. The layer spacing is 20~30 cm. The outer layer is covered with zippered net. Bait, management, replacement of nets and so on are very convenient, bait to kelp and other seaweed-based.

2. Submarine caisson culture: The culture equipment is a large cage of 2 m ×2 m ×0.8 m steel skeleton, which sinks to the seabed for culture. Some also use cement tanks with openings on the upper side and both ends, with a number of staggered horizontal partitions in the middle, and a zipper net in the opening part. The culture is carried out on the seabed. The bait is mainly to feed seaweed such as kelp. The habitat environment of abalone cultured in this way is more stable than raft culture, and the growth effect is good, but the feeding and management are more difficult.

3. Seaside enclosed pond culture: in the intertidal zone, select a place with suitable conditions, build a pond around the dike, place stones, cement boards, tiles, etc. in the pond as the attachment concealment of abalone, and reserve several water outlets at the upper part of the pond wall on the seaward side as the exchange channel between the pond and the outer seawater during the ebb tide. After the ebb tide should keep the water depth of about 1 meter in the pool, the bait is mainly algae.

4. Artificial breeding on land

① Multi-layer tank culture: Multi-layer strip shallow tank is adopted, and it is used together with mesh screen, attachment plate and other equipment. Water tank width 0.5~0.7 meters, depth 0.3~0.4 meters, length generally between 1~10 meters, layer spacing 0.5 meters or so, some feed mainly algae, some feed mainly, culture density 3~5 cm abalone per square meter 200~400, more than 6 cm abalone per square meter 100~150.

(2) The plastic box culture pond in the pond is a cement pond with an area of 20~40 square meters and a depth of 1~1.2 meters. The plastic box is a special abalone culture box with a length of 39 cm, a width of 30 cm and a height of 12 cm. Every 5~7 boxes are stacked and tied up. Each box is placed vertically in the pond and arranged in rows. An operation channel is reserved between each row. The daily water supply is not less than 3~6 times that of the culture water body. The continuous ventilation is 24 hours. The bait is fresh kelp or dried kelp.