Introduction to the requirements of planting conditions and growth environment of cotton

Cotton is the seed fiber of the cotton genus of Malvaceae, which is native to the subtropics. The flowers of the plants are milky white or pink flowers. Cotton is the fiber inside the fruit that grows after flowering when it is ripe. Like heat, good light, drought tolerance, taboo stains, suitable for planting in loose and deep soil, let's take a look at the planting conditions of cotton!

Light condition

Cotton is a light-loving crop, which is suitable to grow under sufficient light conditions. the light compensation point and light saturation point of cotton leaf are both high. according to the determination, the light compensation point of single leaf of cotton is 750 ~ 1000 lux, and the light saturation point is 70 ~ 80 000 lux. in general, the suitable range of cotton leaf for light intensity is 8000 ~ 70000 lux, and the photosynthetic intensity increases with the increase of light intensity.

Water condition

The growth of cotton needs to absorb water from the soil, and the physiological water requirements are different at different growth stages. The soil water content of 20 cm from sowing to seedling emergence accounts for 70% of the field capacity, 60% of the field capacity at the seedling stage, and 65% of the field capacity at the bud stage. After the full bud stage, the water content of the 0-80 cm soil layer accounts for 70-80% of the field capacity, which should not be less than 60-65%, and the relative soil water content should be kept at 55-70% during the boll-opening period. According to the relevant research, in the whole growth period of cotton field, about 2 × 3 of water is consumed by transpiration and 1 of which is consumed by land evaporation.

Soil condition

The growth and development of cotton needs water and nutrients, which are mainly obtained from the soil through the root system. Part of the required temperature and air is taken from the soil, and it needs the mechanical support of the soil to grow. The physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in cotton field restrict the yield and quality of cotton to a great extent. soil moisture, nutrients, temperature, air, saline-alkali content and texture have great influence on the growth of cotton.

Heat condition

The early and late stages of cotton growth are the most sensitive to heat conditions. it takes 7-20 days from sowing to emergence, and the active accumulated temperature is 160-320 ℃. When the temperature is above 20 ℃ after sowing, cotton seedlings can emerge in 7-8 days. If the temperature is unstable after sowing, although the average temperature is 15-17 ℃, it will take about 20 days for seedlings to emerge. The lower the daily average temperature, the more accumulated temperature is needed from sowing to emergence. The heat condition from flowering to boll opening stage not only affects cotton yield, but also seriously affects cotton quality. in the same region and the same variety, when the interval between flowering and boll opening stage is obviously prolonged, the accumulated temperature is too much in this stage. the yield and quality of cotton decreased significantly.

How to grow cotton? Key points of planting techniques and field management of cotton

Cotton is one of the most important crops in the world, with large output and low production cost, which makes cotton products cheaper and can be made into fabrics of various specifications, from light and transparent Barry yarn to thick canvas and velveteen. It is suitable for making all kinds of clothes, furniture cloth and industrial cloth, and it is also an important honey source plant. Let's take a look at cotton planting technology.

Planting conditions

Cotton is a light-loving crop, which is suitable to grow under sufficient light conditions, and the light compensation point and light saturation point are high. The physiological water requirements are different at different growth stages. The water content of 20 cm soil layer from sowing to seedling emergence accounts for 70% of the field capacity, and the water content of 40 cm soil layer accounts for 60% of the field capacity at seedling stage. the soil water content of 0cm 60 cm in the early bud stage accounts for 65% of the field capacity, and 70% of the field capacity after full bud stage. During the boll opening period, the soil relative water content should be kept at 55-70%. The growth and development of cotton needs water and nutrients, which are mainly obtained from the soil through the root system. Part of the required temperature and air is taken from the soil, and it needs the mechanical support of the soil to grow.

Apply sufficient base fertilizer

Cotton has a long growth period and deep and wide root distribution, which requires not only rich mineral nutrients in the surface soil, but also high fertility in the deep plough layer and slow release of nutrients. Base fertilizer is ploughed and applied to the soil before cotton sowing, which can meet this requirement. The base fertilizer is mainly farm manure, which can be applied to the soil in autumn and winter combined with deep ploughing and deep ploughing, and can also be applied during soil preparation in spring. Generally, high-quality farm manure 3000kg / mu, Stanley compound fertilizer 30kg / mu, zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer 1kg / mu are applied.

Sowing at the right time

1. Time: the suitable sowing time is that the ground temperature of 5 cm is more than 12-14 ℃, or the air temperature is more than 16 ℃. Sowing at the right time can make the cotton plant grow steadily, blossom earlier and prolong the boll setting time, which is beneficial to early maturity, high yield and high quality. If the sowing temperature is low too early, it is easy to cause rotten seeds and lack of seedlings. Sowing too late, the growth period was delayed, resulting in late ripening, reduced yield and reduced fiber quality.

2. Seed quantity: the sowing amount should be determined according to the sowing method, seed quality, seedling density and soil climate. Too little is difficult to ensure the due number of plants and affect the yield. Too much waste of cotton seeds, and will cause cotton seedlings crowded, easy to form tall seedlings, increase inter-seedling labor, and so on. When the seed germination rate is low, the soil moisture is poor, the soil is sticky or saline-alkali, and the underground pests are serious, the sowing rate should be increased as appropriate.

3. Depth: cotton cotyledons are hypertrophic, the ability of top soil is poor, and the sowing depth is closely related to the emergence of seedlings, the degree of cotton seedlings and the strength of cotton seedlings. The sowing is too deep, the temperature is low, the top soil is difficult, the seedling emerges slowly, consumes a lot of nutrients, the seedling is thin, and even causes rotten seed, rotten bud and lack of seedling. If the sowing is too shallow, it is easy to dry, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken ridges. The sowing depth depends on the quality of the soil and soil moisture. In principle, the sowing depth is 3cm to 4cm. The soil with good soil moisture and sticky texture should be shallow, the soil moisture is poor, and the soil with sandy texture should be sowed deeply.

Pruning and topping

1. Leafless branch: when the first fruit branch appears, the leaf branch below the first fruit branch is removed in time, and the leaves of the main stem are retained to provide organic nutrients to the root system, which is called leafy branch or Youtiao. Removing leaf branches is one of the means to control the vigorous growth of cotton and gain high yield. cotton plants with weak seedlings and missing seedlings can not remove leaf branches and wait for them to elongate before hitting the edge. The removal of leaf branches was carried out at the early stage of budding. In general, mid-maturing varieties with loose plant type need to remove leaf branches, but early-maturing varieties with compact plant type can not do this work.

2. Topping: topping can eliminate apical dominance, regulate the balanced distribution of photosynthates in various organs, increase the proportion of nutrient distribution in the lower fruiting organs, strengthen the transport of assimilation products to the root system, and enhance the root activity and the ability to absorb nutrients, so as to improve the boll rate.

3. To hit the edge is to hit the top of the fruit branch, which can control the lateral growth of the fruit branch, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field, increase the boll rate, increase the boll weight and promote early ripening. In the cotton field with sufficient fertilizer and water, prosperous growth and high density, the tip of the group was removed from bottom to top in the middle and later stage of the field management, and combined with boll setting, there were 2-3 fruit nodes in the lower part and 3-4 fruit nodes in the middle part, and the upper part could be beaten in the morning and evening according to the local first frost period.

Reasonable topdressing

1. Light application of seedling fertilizer: topdressing seedling fertilizer can promote root development and cultivate strong seedlings. Generally speaking, the seedling fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, which can be determined according to the seedling condition, soil fertility, base fertilizer and so on. For cotton fields with poor soil fertility, insufficient base fertilizer and weak growth, topdressing urea or high nitrogen compound fertilizer 5kg / mu, ditching strip application, and covering soil after application. For cotton fields with high fertility and sufficient base fertilizer, there is no need to apply seedling fertilizer.

2. Steady application of bud fertilizer: the demand for nutrients of cotton increases gradually after budding, and reasonable topdressing at bud stage can meet the needs of cotton plant growth, coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and promote plant steady growth. Generally, 15-20 kg of Stanley compound fertilizer is applied per mu in the early budding stage of cotton. It is better to apply topdressing deeply in ditching and keep a proper distance from the cotton plant so as to avoid root injury and affect the normal growth.

3. Application of flower and boll fertilizer: the flower and boll stage is the period when cotton needs the most fertilizer, and the re-application of flower and boll fertilizer plays a significant role in striving for "three peaches". Generally apply urea Stanley compound fertilizer 20kg to 30kg per mu. For cotton fields with poor soil fertility, low base fertilizer and weak growth, it can be applied early, when the cotton plant blossoms up to more than 80%, and when sitting on 1 or 2 young peaches, the method of topdressing is appropriate.

4. application of top fertilizer: the application of top fertilizer mainly prevents cotton from premature senescence due to lack of fertilizer in the later stage, promotes the steady growth of plants, enhances the ability of disease resistance, insect resistance and premature senescence resistance, and strives for more autumn peaches and increase boll weight. Generally, extra-root topdressing was carried out before and after topping, and 50-75 kg of 1% urea solution per mu was sprayed on nitrogen-deficient or early-senile cotton fields, once every 5-7 days, 2 times in a row. For phosphorus-deficient, potassium-deficient or Wangchang greedy green late-maturing cotton fields, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed every 7-10 days for 2 times, so as to achieve the goal of no yellow leaves, no defoliation, no premature senescence, high yield and high quality.

* * advantages and planting conditions of cotton

Cotton is a kind of cotton plant, people's familiarity with it lies in the cotton quilt made by cotton processing, and the cotton quilt is the daily bedding that almost every one of us has used. In our country, when it comes to cotton, the quality of cotton is the best, mainly because the climate of the region is more suitable for growing cotton. Let's learn about the advantages and prices of cotton.

* * advantages of cotton

* * there are unique natural conditions, alkaline soil, large temperature difference in summer, sufficient sunshine, sufficient photosynthesis and long growth time, resulting in more prominent characteristics of cotton planted. The quality of cotton is much better than that of other ordinary cotton because of its soft texture, comfortable feel, bright color and good water absorption.

* * prices of cotton

* the price of cotton is mainly affected by the size of supply, while the supply of cotton is mainly affected by the weather. According to the previous situation, the price of cotton is about 12800 yuan per ton, and the price difference is generally less than 300 yuan.

* * planting conditions of cotton

I. Light conditions for the growth of cotton

* * Cotton is mostly early and mid-maturing, early-maturing and extra-early-maturing varieties, and is not sensitive to light length. It is a light-loving crop and is suitable to grow under sufficient light conditions. The light compensation point and light saturation point of cotton are high. According to the measurement, the light compensation point of single leaf of cotton is 750 ~ 1000 lx, and the light saturation point is 70 ~ 80000 LX. In general, the suitable range of cotton leaves for light intensity is 8000 ~ 70000 lx. In this range, the photosynthetic intensity increases with the increase of light intensity.

II. Water conditions for the growth of cotton

Water is an important component of cotton. The growth of cotton needs to absorb water from the soil. The physiological water requirements of cotton at each growth stage are as follows: from sowing to emergence, the water content of 20 cm soil layer accounts for 70% of the field capacity; at the seedling stage, the water content of 40 cm soil layer accounts for 60 ~ 70% of the field capacity; at the early bud stage, the water content of 60 cm soil layer accounts for 65% of the field capacity; after full bud stage, the water content of 0 cm 80 cm soil layer accounts for 70% of the field capacity, which can not be less than 60%. During the boll opening period, the soil relative water content should be kept at 55-70%. According to the relevant research, in the whole growth period of cotton field, about 2 × 3 of water is consumed by transpiration and 1 of which is consumed by land evaporation.

The most important thing to pay attention to when planting cotton is to seal the ditch of cotton. Cotton ditch closure is a field management measure of cotton, after ditch closure treatment of cotton will not exist lodging phenomenon, and ditch closure can effectively solve the problem of weeds in the field.