Quail breeding technology

Quail is a kind of wild bird with high economic value, also known as quail bird, quail, running quail and so on. Quail is a migratory bird of pheasant family, with tender and fat meat, delicious taste, rich nutrition and higher nutrition than eggs. breeding quail has the characteristics of simple equipment, convenient management, easy feeding and remarkable benefits, so it is worth vigorously popularizing. Let's take a look at quail breeding techniques.

Breeding techniques of quail

1. Seed selection: fine quail should have moderate eye size, slender neck, small round head, shiny feathers, plump muscles and kind expression. Don't choose close relatives. The breeding standard of female quail is that the abdominal volume is large, the weight is 130g to 150g, and the egg laying ability is not strong when the weight is more than 170g. The specific laying standard is that according to the egg production of female quails for 3 months, it is better to lay more than 250 eggs a year. Male quails can be selected after 50 days of hatching, requiring loud singing, long and continuous sound, strong chest and wide body, full extension of quail claws, weight 120-130 grams, anal crimson bulge, such as hand pressure with white foam, indicating oestrus and capable of mating.

2. Mating: the mating age of female quails is from 3 months to 1 year, and the best age for males is 4 ~ 6 months old. But in practice, male and female quails at the age of 50 and 60 began to mate and reproduce, and the breeding period was one year, which was changed year by year. Quails have the highest sexual desire in the morning and evening, the highest fertilization after mating, and the best mating after the first feeding in the morning. If you are sure of artificial hatching, quails can mate and breed all the year round.

3. Laying eggs: during the laying period, light is very important. According to the experiment, increasing light at night can increase the laying rate by 25%. Therefore, it is necessary to hang a 60-watt lamp and replenish the light for about 4 hours in order to achieve 16 hours of light every day. The rest of the time was changed to 4 watts of electric lighting.

4. Hatching: there are two kinds of quail hatching: natural hatching and artificial hatching. Natural hatching can choose female chickens and female pigeons instead of hatching. Artificial hatching is the use of chicken incubator to hatch selected quail eggs. The hatching temperature is slightly higher than the hatching temperature of the chicks, the general room temperature is 2023 ℃, and the relative humidity should be maintained at about 65%. In the first two days before hatching, the humidity increases to more than 80%, and it is often ventilated. When the embryo is about to be broken and hatched, the eggs are rotated at an angle of 90 degrees every 2 to 3 hours to help the embryo move. The hatching period of breeding eggs is 17 days, and the chicks begin to feed and drink water 12 hours after they come out of their shells, no more than 24 hours at the latest.

Feeding and management of quail

1. Quail house: the light of the quail house should be dim, the summer ventilation should be good, and the harm of dogs, cats and rats should be prevented. Lighting must be installed and there must be light at night to improve the laying rate of female quails. Place nestling cages, fattening cages, quail cages and hatchery in the feeding room. The cage can be made of bamboo or iron. The bottom of the cage should be made into a mesh, the size of the mesh should be suitable for quail feces to leak, the spacing is about 1.2cm, the bottom of the net is high and low in front, with a slight inclination, so that the mother can roll out after laying eggs.

2, feed: quail feed, try to use less fiber, nutritious food, varieties should be diversified. It is generally composed of bean cake, fish meal, corn flour, wheat bran, rice bran, alfalfa, cabbage, carrots, bone meal, calcium carbonate, salt and so on. Can also add some multivitamins, antibiotics and trace elements, feed should be relatively stable, if the exchange should be gradually excessive.

3. Feeding: there are two feeding methods for quail, one is to feed dry material, and another is to set up drinking water equipment. The other is wetting feed, the ratio of dry matter to water is 1:3 in summer, 1:2 in winter and 1.50 in spring. Feed 4 times a day to achieve regular, quantitative and qualitative supply. Quails at the age of 9 and 10 weeks should be reared as much as they can.

4. Management

① grouping: male and female quails had better be reared in groups and mated regularly, so as to improve the fertilization rate of breeding eggs. If it is inconvenient to divide into groups, you can also feed them together. In mixed culture, the ratio of male to female is 1:3. Except for the breeding quails, the rest of the male quails were treated as meat quails.

② density: we should pay attention to the feeding density in feeding and management. The average rearing density of young quails is 100,85 / 2 weeks / square meters, 70 / 3 weeks / square meters and 50 / 4 weeks / square meters.

③ environment: the surrounding environment of quail breeding should be quiet. If you are worried, it will affect the laying of female quails.

Disease prevention and treatment of quail

1. White dysentery

[symptoms] White dysentery is a common and harmful bacterial infectious disease, the spirit of the sick quail is depressed, and the feces are white paste.

[prevention and treatment] adding 0.4% sulfadiazine or 0.1% sulfaquine to the sick quail feed has a certain effect, the cage should be kept clean and dry, the temperature is stable, and prevent overcrowding.

2. Coccidiosis

[symptoms] coccidiosis is an acute epidemic disease caused by intestinal infection, with loose feathers and bloody feces.

[prevention and treatment] sulfamethazine or sulfamethazine can be mixed into feed or dissolved in drinking water in the proportion of 0.2%, and the effect can be achieved after taking it continuously for 4 ~ 5 days.

3. Ulcerative enteritis

[symptoms] Ulcerative enteritis is a highly contagious disease of domestic quails. Quails bow their backs, close their eyes and have diarrhea.

[prevention and treatment] Dihydrostreptomycin and tylosin are good therapeutic drugs, and tetracyclines and furans also have certain therapeutic effects.

4. Diphtheria

[symptoms] diphtheria mostly occurs in the plum rain season, sick quail eyes swollen tears, loss of appetite.

[prevention and treatment] 0.1% sodium dimethoxypyrimidine powder can be mixed or drunk in dissolved water, and the head of diseased quail should be washed and disinfected in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for better effect.

5. Marek's disease

[symptoms] Marek's disease is also a common viral disease in quails, which is characterized by lethargy, paralysis, anemia, drooping wings and green feces. The visceral type is common during autopsy, showing single or multiple tumors in the heart, lung, gland, stomach, liver, kidney, testis and ovary.

[prevention and treatment] there is no specific drug treatment for Marek's disease, mainly for prevention, and Marek's vaccine is effective for newborn quails.

6. Colibacillosis

[symptoms] colibacillosis is an infectious disease caused by Escherichia coli, including acute septicemia, omphalitis, pneumonitis, perihepatic inflammation, enteritis, arthritis, granuloma and yolk peritonitis.

Colibacillosis is a conditional disease, and improving the environment is an effective measure to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Enterobacter canis is mainly infected through digestive tract, respiratory tract, umbilical and skin wounds. Put an end to the use of spoilage and feed contaminated by mold and E. coli. Strengthen quail feeding and management, brush sinks and drinking water utensils frequently, and use high quality feed to enhance disease resistance.

7. Lime foot disease

[symptoms] the pathogen of limefoot disease is mutant knee mite, which is mostly parasitic on the shank and toe of quail. The shank and toe of the diseased quail are inflamed with inflammatory exudates and form grayish-white or yellow scabs. In severe cases, it can cause joint swelling, phalangeal deformation, difficulty in walking, hindrance in growth and decrease in egg production.

[prevention and treatment] 20% sulfur ointment can be used to wipe the affected part twice a day for 3-5 days. You can also wash off the scab and tiredness on the shins and toes with warm water, and then soak in 0.1% trichlorfon solution for 4 minutes for 5 minutes.