How toxic is the five-step snake?

The five-step snake is a poisonous snake under the subfamily Viperidae, Agkistrodon acutus, which is widely distributed in China, among which Wuyi Mountain and southern Anhui have the most reserves. The known distribution areas are Anhui, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou, Guangdong, Taiwan and other places. Let's take a look at how toxic the five-step snake is.

How toxic is the five-step snake?

The five-step snake is more toxic than the cobra. The venom of the five-step snake is not toxic on the unit, but it does not prevent the snake from being more dangerous in fact. In Shibi Township, Chenxi, Hunan Province, almost all the people bitten by this snake died, and those bitten by the cobra can basically be saved. According to the survey data, dangerous incidents and even deaths caused by the bite of Agkistrodon acutus are indeed relatively common, at least in the Chinese mainland area.

Is the five-step snake a dangerous snake?

The five-step snake has a larger individual, a fierce character, longer fangs, and a more serious bite, and it also belongs to a snake species with a large amount of detoxification. Taiwan has an effective serum specifically against Agkistrodon acutus venom. According to the US military report, the toxin of the five-step snake is a hemolytic toxin composed of proteins, and this toxin is strongly hemorrhagic. At the same time, Agkistrodon halys is extremely aggressive, and the head can be rotated greatly, inexperienced people should be far away from the field, do not easily try to grasp with hands, grasp the application of snake clamps.

What if the five-step snake bites

1. After being bitten by a five-step snake, it is important to take timely and effective measures to deal with the wound and send it to the hospital for emergency treatment as soon as possible. In addition, it should be noted that the five-step snake is not easy to move, the crawling speed is slow, even if the queen will not crawl very far, to prevent the second time being bitten.

2. Patients should keep calm, do not panic and run, so as to slow down the absorption of snake venom and the spread speed of snake venom in the human body, and reduce the systemic reaction. You should sit on the spot or take a semi-recumbent position, try not to move the affected limb, and keep the wound below the level of the heart to deal with the wound.

3. After being bitten by a poisonous snake, you should immediately tie it at the near end of the wound (near the heart). If there is no rope, you should find some green vines to bind the blood vessels, which should be tied up tightly and do not need to be too tight. its degree should be able to prevent venous blood and lymphoid reflux does not hinder arterial circulation as the principle, can leave a living knot to facilitate release, in order to prevent snake venom from spreading to the near center and slow down the spread speed. After that, loosen every 15 to 30 minutes, each time about 30 seconds-1 minute. If the swelling of the injury expands rapidly, check whether it is too tight, the binding time should be shortened, and the relaxation time should be increased to avoid ischemic necrosis of the limbs.

4. If fangs are found, they should be removed immediately with tweezers. After local washing, routine disinfection was performed and 0.5% procaine was used for local closure. The wound should be washed immediately after ligation, and the flushing solution can be saline, hydrogen peroxide, cold tea, soapy water, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution and so on. If the above liquid is not available in the wild, the injured limb can be rinsed in a stream or pond.

5. After being bitten by a poisonous snake, it is necessary to expand the wound-use a knife or a triangular needle or other clean sharp weapon (preferably sterilized), cut along the tooth mark of the wound vertically or in the shape of "+", about 1cm long, deep under the dermis, not too deep. The principle is to cut the skin between the two poisonous tooth marks. However, if you are bitten by a five-step snake or viper, the wound will bleed and there is no need to expand the wound. In addition, if the bite is more than 24 or the wound is necrotic, there is no need to expand the wound treatment. The wound should be cleaned immediately, from the proximal end to the distal end with both hands, and pushed repeatedly to the wound for about 15 minutes, so that the poisonous blood can be excreted, or the venom can be sucked out with a breast aspirator or cupping. Should not suck blood with the mouth, lest the toxin will spread from the mouth, especially if there are ulcers or dental caries in the mouth, do not take drugs. If you are not careful with poison in your mouth, you should immediately spit it out and rinse your mouth with liquor or water. It can be repeated every 12 to 24 hours according to the condition of the injury.

6. Snake venom is a toxic protein, which can be destroyed and disinfected by match burning. Use match head 4 to 6, stack on the wound, ignite and cauterize, or use lighter to cauterize the wound for 3 to 5 times in a row, suitable for snakewounds with shallow tooth marks, or bitten patients whose wounds bleed more than enough blood.

7. Take proprietary Chinese medicine for snake injury immediately after injury, doubling the dose for the first time. The snake medicine can also be adjusted into a paste with saliva or warm water, and apply it to about 2 cm around the wound. Do not apply medicine on the wound, so as not to hinder the outflow of lymph due to the blockage of the wound, and keep the drug on the coated site moist. Commonly used proprietary Chinese medicines such as Nantong snake medicine (Ji Desheng snake medicine), Shanghai snake medicine tablets, Guangzhou snake wound detoxification tablets. If not, it is advisable to take fresh herbs, such as half lotus, seven leaves and a flower, houttuynia, white snake grass, Xu Changqing, weeping potted grass and other fresh Chinese herbal medicine, add cold boiled water to tamper with juice, and externally apply the wound with dregs. The medication will be ineffective after more than 24 hours.

8. Anti-Agkistrodon acutus venom serum should be used in hospital as soon as possible, and symptomatic treatment such as anti-inflammation and anti-breakage should be given at the same time. In the absence of antivenom, snake bites generally use folk snake medicine and western medicine to stop bleeding without obvious effect, and the case fatality rate can be as high as 23%. Therefore, it is necessary to use antivenom as soon as possible to neutralize the free snake venom in the body and prevent the spread of snake venom.