Winter Management techniques in Fish Culture

Because the metabolism of fish is closely related to the water temperature, their peak growth period is mainly in summer and autumn, and in winter, because the water temperature in the pond is generally low, fish activity decreases, fish ingestion is less, metabolism is very slow, and the growth rate is also slow. coupled with natural consumption, the fish body will be reduced. In addition, the contract period of fish ponds is often over a period of one year, so at this time, most adult fish have to be put on the market before overwintering, and the fish left to survive the winter are mainly fry or parent fish. The problem of overwintering of farmed fish is an important link in the process of fish production, and how to ensure the safe overwintering of fish species and parent fish is the key issue of fish culture sideline, so it is necessary to determine correct methods and measures for safe overwintering of fish. according to the specific conditions of various places and the local overwintering experience and problems over the years. Take corresponding effective measures to survive the winter. in this paper, the effective experiences and measures of various places in the safe overwintering of fish are summarized in the following aspects:

Preparation before overwintering

1. The preparation for overwintering of fish fry in clear ponds should be carried out around October every year, and the size of the overwintering ground should be selected according to their own actual conditions, with a north-facing seat as far as possible, convenient drainage and irrigation, an area of more than 1 mu and a water depth of more than 80 cm. Parent fish ponds should be larger, generally more than 5 mu, with a water depth of 1.5 meters. In the pond where the overwintering seedlings are to be released, the pond should be cleaned and disinfected before the fish is released. It is best to drain the water and expose it to the sun for a week, and deal with the silt more than 15 cm thick (rinse with a mud pump or running water or shoulder to discharge the pond). The cleaning and disinfection of the overwintering pond is the same as before the release of fish fry in other seasons, which can be sprinkled with quicklime, tea bran or strong chloride (bleach). Mainly to kill viruses, bacteria, miscellaneous fish and other natural enemies. Note: tea bran should be mashed and soaked for 2-3 days, then brewed with boiling water, then fully mixed and sprinkled with dregs and juice in the whole pool. Sprinkle quicklime and strong chlorine (bleach) in the whole pool after mixing with water.

2. Preparation of fish species the stocking species of overwintering fish fry should be adapted to local conditions and adapt to their own pond conditions and market needs. If the pond water temperature can be maintained more than 12 ℃, the water depth can be maintained more than 1.5m, you can properly consider putting some wild dace, soil dace, tilapia and other warm water fish. If mud carp can not survive the winter safely in previous years, then warm water fish need not be considered. In general, per mu of water surface, the average water depth is more than 1.2 meters.

Enhance the physique of overwintering fish

1. Improve the fatness, feed carefully before overwintering and increase fat accumulation. One month before overwintering is the key period for safe overwintering, which is called "fattening period". If you do a good job in the "fattening period", you will have a certain degree of assurance that the fish will survive the winter safely. Therefore, the fish should be fed until they stop eating before overwintering.

2. Select and cultivate excellent varieties with cold tolerance: in high and cold areas, we should systematically select and cultivate varieties with strong overwintering ability which can adapt to the cold environment.

3. Strictly abide by quarantine and disinfection measures. To ensure that the overwintering fish are healthy and harmless, the epidemic work should be strengthened before overwintering, and the fish that do not meet the requirements of overwintering should be dealt with separately. Fish species with small specifications and weak physique should not be put into the overwintering waters, and when entering the overwintering pond, drug toxicity should be carried out to prevent the spread of fish disease during the overwintering period.

4. when getting out of the pool, entering the pool and transportation, you should operate carefully and try your best to avoid damage.

Improve the environmental conditions of fish overwintering

1. Carefully choose overwintering waters: less sediment, strong water retention capacity, easy fishing, pools, water depth of more than 1.5 meters, water quality suitable for overwintering conditions.

2. To improve and create good overwintering environmental conditions, the snow on the ice surface of the water-stopping overwintering pond must be cleaned at any time, maintain the clear ice, and play a positive role in increasing biological oxygen.