Summer Flowers and slightly larger size Fry cultivation of Carp

Pond selection

The fry culture pond has an area of 3 to 5 mu, rectangular, east-west direction, length-width ratio 5, 4, 3, 2, average water depth 1.2, 1.5 meters, slope ratio 1, 1, 5, flat bottom, loam, silt thick 15~20cm, easy to enter and drain.

The fish culture pond has an area of 610 mu, rectangular, east-west, with an aspect ratio of 5 to 4, with an average water depth of 1.8 to 2.5 meters, and a slope ratio of 1 to 1.5, with a flat bottom, loam and thick 15~20cm, making it easy to enter and drain.

Clear the pond and remove the wild

Quicklime, tea meal, Croton, bleach and fish rattan clear can be used alone or mixed. In ponds with serious fish disease, bleach or quicklime is used to clean the ponds, or tea meal plus a small amount of quicklime to improve water quality, which plays a certain role in improving the survival rate of fish fry and fry.

1. Quicklime pond cleaning: drain the pond water to about 10~20cm and sprinkle it evenly with lime paste. The dosage is about 100kg / mu. Fish ponds with inconvenient water sources can be filled with water, with a water depth of 1 meter and about 250 kilograms of quicklime per mu.

2. Tea meal clearing pond

The water depth is 1 meter and the dosage is 80 jin per mu, and the fish fry is applied 10-15 days before lining. When the water temperature is low, the toxicity disappears slowly, and when the temperature is high, it disappears quickly. First beat the tea meal into blocks, put it into a wooden stick or water tank, soak it with water and soak it for one day and night when the water temperature is 25 ℃. Increase the amount of water during application and sprinkle evenly throughout the pool.

3. Bleach cleaning pond: when the water depth is 1 meter, the dosage of bleach is 250.30 jin / mu per mu. After the bleach is dissolved with water, it is sprinkled evenly in the whole pool immediately. The chlorine content of bleach should be about 30%. Bleach cleans the pond for 4 to 5 days and the fish can be released. The cleaning of bleaching powder is related to the fertility of pool water, and the effect of water and fertilizer is poor.

Fish fry cultivation

Three to four days after hatching, the fish fry are called larvae or fry. The juveniles bred to 1.5~2cm are called Wu Zai in production, and the juveniles bred to 2.5~3.3cm are called inch slices, fire slices and summer flowers.

1. Fertilizing and improving water quality in ponds: the function of fertilization is to cultivate all kinds of plankton in the water, which can be used as bait for fish fry to enter the pond. After 4 days of disinfection or 5 days before the fry went into the pond, 500 jin of fermented manure per mu or 2000 jin of green manure per mu or 20 jin of urea + 20 jin of phosphate fertilizer per mu were used to cultivate plankton, and rotifer and plankton reached the peak after 5 days of fertilization.

Fertilization effect: after fertilization in the pond, the first dominant population of plankton was related to the nature of fertilizer. With the application of organic fertilizer, phytoplankton-dinoflagellate and cryptoplankton, zooplankton-tail caterpillar and peripheral caterpillar first appeared in large quantities. Diatoms, Scenedesmus and bouncing worms became the main populations when applying inorganic fertilizer.

When the amount of fertilizer application is large, some species of green algae and cyanobacteria will develop greatly, and when the amount of fertilizer application is small, many species of diatoms, such as spindle diatom and disk diatom, will become the dominant species.

Zooplankton reached the peak 4-5 days after fertilization. The first large number of zooplankton are protozoa and rotifers, followed by Cladocera, followed by copepods.

After fertilization, the pond water is light green brown, algae, protozoa and rotifers multiply in large numbers, and Cladocera is just beginning to appear, which is most suitable for the growth of mackerel fry.

2. The time of fish fry in the pond: the fish fry should be in the 4 ~ 5 days after fertilization, when the occurrence of rotifer and cladocera is at its peak.

3. Adjust the water quality and control the growth of large zooplankton: after the water quality is gradually fertile, the large zooplankton increases. The fish fry is delicate, and the pond water should not be too fat when the fry goes into the pond.

4. Fish fry restocking: the fish fry are slender and delicate. When entering the pond, the fat should be moderate, not too fat. The larvae in the pond should be put into the fry box and fed with cooked egg yolk. Feed 100000 fish and feed 1 cooked egg yolk. Feed the cooked egg yolk according to the following steps:

1) boil the egg yolk for a long time, wrap the egg yolk in 60-purpose nylon sieve silk, shake and filter in a basin filled with water, do not pinch it by hand, and make the yolk particles precipitate out of the water from the mesh.

2) pour the yolk water evenly into the fry box with your fingers. Half an hour later, you can see that there are yolk particles in the intestines of the larvae (commonly known as flower sausages).

3) put the larvae into the pond after keeping them in the fry box for 3 hours.

5. Stocking density: generally, the stocking density is 10 ~ 150000 tails / mu. If the seedlings grow to full length 2~2.5cm, the stocking density can be increased, up to 15 ~ 200000 tails / mu.

6. Fish fry bait: after the fish larvae were put into the pond, they were fed with soybean milk on the first day, and every 100000 fish were fed with soybean milk of 2kg / day, water: beans = 30:1, three times a day, 9: 00 a.m., 1: 00 p.m., 4: 00 p.m. When grinding soy milk, be sure to soak up the soybeans, and remove the soybean dregs after grinding. When feeding, the paste should be sprinkled twice along the edge of the pool, and the spilled pulp should be like rain and evenly distributed.

After 10 days of feeding, use soybean cake milk instead. The soybean cake was broken, soaked in water for 3 to 4 hours, and then ground into soybean cake milk with a ratio of 1:10 to water.

7. Water injection by stages: new water is injected into the pond by stages to increase the water level of the pond, so as to increase the oxygen content in the water, improve the water quality, expand the activity space of the fish fry and accelerate the growth of the fish. And promote the reproduction of plankton and increase live bait.

The number and frequency of water injection should be determined according to the specific situation. Usually, the larvae are injected with water for the first time a week after they enter the other pond. Water will be injected every 4 or 5 days thereafter. Each time the water injection 20cm is about, and finally the water depth is 1.0 ~ 1.2m.

8. Pond patrol management: after the larvae enter the pond, they patrol the pond three times a day to achieve "three checks" and "Sanle".

Check the floating head of fish fry in the morning, frequently catch frog eggs; check the activity of fish fry in the afternoon, remove weeds on the ridge of the pond; check the water quality in the evening, make records, and arrange bait, fertilization and water addition work the next day. Check the occurrence of the disease at any time and carry out prevention and control in time.

9. Exercise and separate ponds: after 20-25 days of feeding, the larvae grow to about 3cm and should be reared separately. Before going out of the pond, the summer flower fry should be trained for 2 or 3 times. Make the fish species in the dense process, increase the adaptability of the fish body to hypoxia. Make the fish "sophisticated" strong, can withstand separate culture out of the pond, and avoid producing a large amount of mucus and feces to pollute the water quality in the process of transportation, and improve the survival rate of transportation. By pulling the net, you can also remove enemy organisms and estimate the number of summer flowers.

1), pull the net for the first time: gather the fish in the purse seine and check their physique. Then put it back in the pool. Because the fish is tender, the operation should be careful.

2), the second time to pull the net: every other day, carry on the second time to draw the net. After collecting the fish, let the top water enter the cage automatically. Put it back in the pool in two hours. If it is for self-feeding, then after 2 times of pulling the net into the box, separate cultivation can be carried out.

3), the third time to pull the net: after the second time, the net can be pulled for the third time every other day, and the fish can be "suspended" for one night in the cage in the pool with cleaner water quality, and the long-distance shipment can be carried out in the early morning of the second day.

Exercise fish fry must choose fine weather in the morning when the fish head is not floating. The operation of pulling the net to drive the fish should be slow, so as not to hurt the fry. Don't let fish stick to the net when you close the net. After the fish is in the box. The box should be washed immediately to wash away the excrement and dirt of the sticky net, so that the water body inside the box and outside the box can be unblocked, so as to prevent the death of fish fry due to lack of oxygen in the box.

10. Physical and chemical indexes of water body during fry culture period:

1) oxygen consumption of organic matter: under the condition that there is no lack of dissolved oxygen in pond water, the oxygen consumption of organic matter is high, and the survival rate of fish fry is also high. Before the fry goes into the pond, the oxygen consumption of organic matter is more than 30 mg / L in order to ensure the fertility needed for the growth of plankton.

Fish fry after entering the pond, a large amount of plankton intake, continuous consumption of organic matter, we should continue to apply fertilizer. The amount of fertilization should be small, the times should be more, and it should be applied every 2-3 days. Part of the spilled soymilk is cultivated for zooplankton, part is used as organic fertilizer, and only a small part is directly used by the larvae.

2) dissolved oxygen: the amount of dissolved oxygen in water is closely related to the survival of fish fry. When the dissolved oxygen in water drops below 2mg/L, the fish fry will have floating head. The amount of dissolved oxygen in water needed for the normal growth and development of fish fry is 5.5mg/L, and when it is reduced to 1.7mg/L, the respiration of fish fry is inhibited. In the process of production, slightly floating head occurred in the fry from pre-dawn to 1-2 hours after sunrise, indicating that the water quality was too fat and should not be fertilized with bait.

3) pH value: when the pond is cleaned with quicklime, the pH value and hardness of the pond water are high, and all rotifers die, but it is harmless to rotifer winter eggs. When the pH value is below 10, a large number of rotifer winter eggs can germinate. After 8-10 days of pond cleaning, the efficacy of lime disappeared, pH decreased below 9, phytoplankton began to multiply in large numbers, and the amount of dissolved oxygen in pond water increased, often reaching saturation. At this time, a large number of rotifers appeared, and the fish fry should go into the pond in time.

One-year-old fingerling cultivation of mackerel

The process of cultivating summer flowers with body length 2.5~3cm into body length l2~15cm is called fish breeding, and the process can be divided into two stages:

The first-level feeding stage: the summer flowers with body length 2.5~3cm were cultivated into summer flowers of 4~5cm, which is called the first-level feeding stage.

Secondary feeding stage: the summer flowers with body length 4~5cm are cultivated into fish species with 12~15cm length, which is called the secondary feeding stage.

The main results are as follows: 1. In the first stage of feeding, the hot slices of mackerel were bred into 1.2-1.5-inch (full-length 4~5cm) summer flowers, with 30 000 flakes of full-length 3cm per mu. Adopt the way of monoculture.

1) artificial bait: the first-class raising 3cm fish fire slices, relying on natural bait is not enough, must be filled with soybean cake milk. The method of making soybean cake milk is to use 1 jin of dried bean cake for every ten thousand fish fry, soak it for 4 hours for 5 hours, and then grind it with 4 parts of water and 1 part of bean cake. When feeding, choose one side of the shallow pool, on the slope of the pool around the 30cm under the water, feed in a small pile with an interval of 2 meters and 2 jin per pile. It is called "du Tan" method, and it is cast once every morning. In the afternoon, 10 jin of Piaosha (Wuping) was put into use, and 100 jin of mixed compost was applied per mu every day, and the fertility of visible water increased or decreased.

2) add fresh water: once a week, add fresh water 10cm deep, 20 days later, the summer flower of the anchovy has reached 5cm, after the fish net exercise. Then enter the second-level feeding stage, that is, fixed breeding.

2. In the second feeding stage, summer flowers are bred into winter or spring slices of 4 inches (12~15cm). During this period, mixed culture is adopted, with a larger pond area of 6 mu and a water depth of 1.8 to 2.0 meters.

1) main body fish rearing: the summer flower fingerling with 4cm body length has been able to swallow the compound pellet bait. Can take the main culture, matching culture silver crucian carp, with silver carp, bighead carp raising way.

2) feeding and management: the mackerel summer flower was put into the pond and fed with soybean cake milk on the second day to attract the fish to eat. A week later, when the fish reached 5cm, the fish was sprinkled with 1.5mm pellets of bait, and five working methods were adopted:

Fixed person: specially appointed person to manage. One person manages 3-5 ponds, covering an area of about 30-40 mu.

Timing: the feeding times are determined according to the temperature change, and the feeding times are more when the temperature is high. The water temperature is 15 ℃, twice a day at 20: 24 ℃, three times a day at 25: 28 ℃, and four times a day at an interval of 3 hours above 28 ℃.

Fixed point: choose the center of the deep side of the fish pond, extend the pond 2 to 3 meters away to build a feeding platform, with the percussion iron as the first signal, train to take bait and lead the fish to float for food. The cast is curved from right to left, and the fish leave within 30 minutes.

Quality: the bait should be fresh and the crude protein content is 30%. The content of crude protein in diet was 26% in the later stage of growth.

Quantitative: the daily feeding rate is determined according to the change of temperature.

3), diligent observation, prevention of floating head, prevention of fish disease: fish breeding stage, sooner or later to patrol the pond. In order to prevent the pool water from anoxia caused by weather changes, new water should be injected frequently, or the aerator should be turned on to adjust the water quality.

Weather changes affect the growth and feeding of mackerel species, and feeding should increase or decrease food intake according to the change of weather. If the temperature is low in the morning and there is less dissolved oxygen in the water, the amount of food should be reduced, and the sunny noon weather should be fed more. Don't overeat in the evening. When the dissolved oxygen in the water is less than 3 mg / L, the fish will not gain weight by eating the food.

The mackerel seldom gets sick, but it is "implicated" when the silver crucian carp has hemorrhagic disease, and occurs with silver carp. Patrol should pay attention to the fish that walk alone, once appear, sprinkle with chlorine dioxide in the whole pool, sprinkle twice in 3 days can be stopped.

Two-year-old fingerling rearing of mackerel

For the two-year-old breed of mackerel, the main fish should be mixed with other fish and fed with full-price grain seasoning. The fish pond is 610 mu, with a water depth of 1.8cm and 2.0m. It has convenient entry and drainage and good water source. After cleaning and disinfecting the fish ponds, one-year-old fish species were released in winter, silver crucian carp were cultured, and silver carp, bighead carp and mackerel were raised.

1. Feeding management: feeding full-price pellet bait to induce mackerel species to float and compete for food. With reference to the daily water temperature and the daily feeding rate, feed according to the five working methods.

2. The use of the aerator: from May to June, the aerator will be open for 1: 2 hours (12:00 to 14:00) at noon on a sunny day, 1: 3 hours before dawn (4: 00 to 7: 00), and shut down half an hour after sunrise.

If the weather is bad and muggy, disturb the fish by clapping your hands when patrolling the pond. If a fish is frightened and sounds in the middle of the pond, an aerator should be turned on to prevent the fish from dying in the pond due to lack of oxygen. The weather is hot from July to August, so new water should be injected frequently.

Fish fry and fish fry transportation

In the process of transporting fish fry and fry, no matter what method is used, the operation must be meticulous. Pay attention to the following aspects:

1, the fry is physically strong, the fry room is inflated (long waist point), the mouthparts are open, swimming is lively, and it can be shipped. The amount of oxygenated transport in nylon bags is about 80% of that of the transport box.

2. The water quality is fresh and non-toxic and the dissolved oxygen content is high. The water of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds can be used, and the water with colorless transparency and low mud content should be selected. Tap water should be dechlorinated and stored for 24 hours before use. Use cold water in summer.

3. Before the fingerling is transported, the fish should be trained by pulling the net to remove feces. The body is strong, reduce mucus secretion, in order to improve the survival rate.

4, pay attention to the temperature balance, the temperature difference should not be ±2 ℃, after arriving at the destination, you should first wake up the fish in the box, and feed the fish fry with cooked egg yolk an hour later. 100000 fish fry are fed with one egg yolk. After seeing the fish fry sausage (swallowing the egg yolk into the intestine), wait another hour before putting the fish into the pond. For the fish fry in nylon bags and transport boxes, put them into the water before leaving the box to make the internal and external water temperature consistent. Then open the nylon bag or transport box, pour water into the pond, put the bag into the box, and let the fry (fry) swim out on their own.

Quality identification of one-year-old fish species

The "four-look" method was used to identify the quality of the bream.

1. To see whether the specifications of fish species in the pond are neat or not: the fish species out of the pond should have the same specifications and have a strong physique. If the individual size is uneven, the survival rate of the population must be low. Individual small species of fish physique emaciation, commonly known as "shrunken son", should be concentrated and raised separately.

2, look at the body color: commonly known as "meaty", high-quality bream species silver gray bright, both sides of the abdomen silver-white, side stripes are obvious.

3. Look at the body surface: the body surface of high-quality mackerel seedlings has luster, and there is a thin layer of mucus to protect the scales and skin.

4. Look at the swimming situation: the high-quality bream species swim lively, the reverse water is strong, and the dense fish head down in the net.