Culture Technology of Mandarin Fish in Pond

1. Mandarin fish living habits: bottom fishes live in still water and rivers, lakes and reservoirs with certain flowing water, especially in shallow lakes with abundant water plants. It generally lurks at the bottom of the water during the day, looks for food everywhere at night, has the habit of burrowing, and does not like to live in groups. The suitable water temperature for life is 1532 ℃, and it is inactive and ingested when the water temperature is below 7 ℃. In pond culture, mandarin fish often lie at the bottom of the water and hide in shallow holes.

2. Food habits of mandarin fish: ferocious carnivorous fish, eating on the fry of other fish after hatching, like to eat live bait, cannibalize each other when hungry, the fry stage can swallow fry equivalent to 70% of its own length of other farmed fish, the specification of the feed fish can only be swallowed according to its caliber, regardless of the length of the fish body. Under the condition of artificial culture, when the kinds of bait are various and abundant, fish with slender body, soft fins and small individuals are often selected as food. The length of the largest food fish easily swallowed by mandarin mandarin is 60% of its own length, but the palatability is better when it is 26-36%.

3. The growth rate of mandarin fish: under the condition of artificial culture, the bait is palatable, sufficient and grows fast. The average body length of 1 winter-old mandarin fish raised in cage is 31.68 cm, which is equivalent to that of 3-winter-old mandarin fish in natural water. The growth of mandarin fish before 2 years old is faster than that of old fish, and that of 1 year old fish is faster than that of 2 years old fish. Mandarin fish did not stop feeding completely in winter and continued to grow, but the feeding intensity and growth rate slowed down.

4, the pond area of mandarin fish culture: the area is 3 to 5 mu, the maximum is not more than 10 mu, the pond area is too small, the water quality changes quickly, it is difficult to control; the pond area is too large, the bait fish is relatively scattered, which is not conducive to the feeding of mandarin fish. The pond leeward to the sun, east-west direction, length-width ratio 3:2, the bottom is flat, sandy loam, little or no silt of the newly excavated pond, water depth of about 1.8 to 2.5 meters, adequate water source, fresh water quality, convenient access and drainage, river and lake reservoir water is the best, preferably micro-flow water. Before entering the pond, the mandarin fish fry should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected and an aerator should be installed.

5. The production of bait fish in this pond: 15 days before the mandarin fish was released, 50 ~ 600000 fish / mu were put into the fish pond whose toxicity disappeared after disinfection, and the bait fish in the pond was cultivated to 1.2~2.0cm/ tail.

6, mandarin fry under the pond time: when the bait fish in the pond is cultivated to the 1.2~2.0cm/ tail, it just provides sufficient and palatable pre-feed fish for mandarin fish after release, and appropriate amount of water peanuts and water hyacinth are put around the pond for mandarin fish to perch. After that, the body length of the bait fish was controlled to be the body length of mandarin fish.

7. Stocking density and specification of mandarin fish: 1000,1200 fry of mandarin fish with 3~5cm/ tail per mu.

8. matching production of bait fish: the bait fish in the main culture pond of mandarin fish can be fed by mandarin fish within one month under normal conditions. after one month of feeding, the body length of mandarin fish can reach 11.5cm to 14cm. In accordance with the requirement of mandarin fish feed coefficient 1 / 4 / 5 in the equipped bait fish pond (3 / 4 times that of mandarin fish culture pond), taking advantage of multiple ponds, the feeding methods of different densities, multiple fishing and gradual thinning are adopted to raise bait fish, and the body length of bait fish is about 50% of that of mandarin fish in the same period, so as to ensure the synchronous growth of bait fish and mandarin fish so that mandarin fish can eat.

9. The optimum water temperature for mandarin fish growth: the growth water temperature of mandarin fish is 18-30 ℃, and the optimum water temperature is 23-28 ℃. In this range, the food intake increases and the growth rate increases with the increase of water temperature.

10. feeding of bait fish: during the period of culture, the method of feeding bait fish at intervals can be adopted according to the change of water temperature, once in the early and late 7-10 days, and once every 5-7 days in the middle stage (high temperature in July, August and September). Feed fish need appropriate amount, the density is too thin, mandarin fish to chase bait fish will consume too much physical energy, which is disadvantageous to growth; too dense, will increase the total oxygen consumption, will cause anoxic floating head of mandarin fish, which is not conducive to the growth of mandarin fish.

11. Feeding amount of bait fish: each feeding amount is 810% of the total amount of mandarin fish, and the ratio of mandarin fish to bait fish is 1Ru 5mm 10. After the bait fish is put into the mandarin fish pond, there is still a period of growth time, and a small amount of concentrate can be fed as appropriate.

12. Water quality management: mandarin fish like fresh water quality, but their tolerance to hypoxia is poor, so it is very important to strengthen water quality management. Before the mandarin fry is released, half of the pond water should be drained, then poured into the pond to make the water clear, and then put in the mandarin fish fry. Mandarin fish are very sensitive to acidic water quality. From June to October, 20 jin of raw calcareous water per mu was sprinkled in the whole pond every 15 to 20 days, keeping the pH value 7 to 8, which was beneficial to the feeding and growth of mandarin fish.

13. Water injection and water change by stages: at the initial stage of stocking, fresh water is injected once every 7 to 10 days, and each time the amount of water injected is 10: 20% of the water volume of the pool. In the first and middle of July, the pool water is gradually deepened to more than 1.5 meters. From mid-July to September, the water is changed as much as possible every two weeks with the increase of water temperature. Master the transparency of the water body in 30~40cm, and when the water is less than 30cm, the pool water should be changed. It is better to keep the circulating water regularly, so that the dissolved oxygen in the water is always more than 4 mg / L.

14. Turn on the aerator at the right time: in the process of breeding, you should flexibly control the start-up time and times of the aerator according to the changes of weather and water quality, and turn on the aerator in time when it is muggy or thunderstorm. It is also safest to turn on the aerator for two hours at midnight every day during the summer season. Strengthen duty, patrol the pond, found that mandarin fish spit out bait fish phenomenon, should immediately start to increase oxygen and add new water. The start-up time and start-up time of the aerator should be flexibly controlled according to the weather and the activities of mandarin fish, generally at noon on a sunny day, in the early morning on a cloudy day, in the middle of the night in continuous rain, long in hot weather and short in cool weather; long start-up time in the middle of the night and stop until sunrise in the morning; start-up time at noon is short. When the load area is large, the start-up time is long, the load area is small, the start-up time is short, it is found that the floating head should be turned on as soon as possible, fresh water should be injected if necessary, and chemical drugs can be used to increase oxygen in first aid.

15, the source of mandarin fish bait fish: buy or store domestic fish spray, feed at any time; cultivate and collect wild miscellaneous fish fry, each mu of mandarin fish pond should be matched with bait fish culture pond about 3 mu. Carp, crucian carp or some wild miscellaneous fish with earlier breeding time and larger reproduction capacity can be put into carp, crucian carp or some wild miscellaneous fish with earlier breeding time and larger breeding capacity, and a large number of fry can be propagated for mandarin fish to eat.

16. Feeding management: bait fish should be put in time according to fish growth and weather conditions, preferably once every 3-5 days, so that the bait fish in the pond can maintain a certain density. In the case of sufficient sources of bait, we should try to throw in more bait fish, so that mandarin fish have sufficient food, and endless feed fish can be caught and sold at the same time as mandarin fish.

17. Aquaculture production management: patrol the pond in the morning and evening to observe the feeding, growth and water quality of mandarin fish. It is necessary to maintain good water quality, make the dissolved oxygen in the water above 5 mg / L, and flush the water in time when the water quality becomes thicker. An aerator must be used to increase oxygen when the summer weather is hot. In order to avoid overfertilizing the water quality, some aquatic plants can be cultivated in the water to purify the water quality and be beneficial to the growth of mandarin fish.

18. Precautions for stocking mandarin fry: the summer flower release time of mandarin fish is generally from late May to early June, early release, early growth, and meet the market specifications. When stocking, soak the fish for 10 minutes with 30-50 g / liter salt water for 10-15 minutes, and the transported fish must be released slowly.

19. Early bait fish cultivation: although mandarin fish like clear water, they should also be a little fatter. After clearing the pond, about 600 jin of fermented organic fertilizer was applied to cultivate plankton and benthos for feed fish to feed and grow, so that mandarin fish had palatable food in the pond, so as to improve the survival rate and promote their growth. 10-15 days before the summer flower release of mandarin fish, the fry of grass, bighead carp, silver carp, bream and bream were put in batches, with 50 ~ 800000 fish per mu. When the size of the bait fish was about 1.5cm, it was the palatable bait for the mandarin fish in the summer flower pond.

20. Methods for cultivating matching food fish: after the mandarin fish is fed through the mouth, the food fish consumes quickly and must be equipped with a bait pond nearby, which requires a flat bottom, easy to catch, and the area of the main culture pond is 3 to 4 times larger than that of the main culture pond. the fry of blunt snout bream, silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp and crucian carp, which are easy to breed, easy to catch and like to eat mandarin fish, are 25 ~ 300000 per mu, and the feeding method of bait fish is the same as that of conventional fish. However, it is necessary to control the specification of bait fish to make it suitable for mandarin fish to eat.

21. Feeding skills of bait fish: when there is a shortage of bait fish in the pond, it should be replenished in time, once every 4-5 days, because the activity of bait fish is relatively slow within 2-3 days, which is beneficial to the predation of mandarin fish. If the time interval is too long, it is easy to make it difficult for mandarin fish to catch and increase physical energy consumption and increase the consumption of dissolved oxygen in the pond. The temperature of 9 parts of mandarin fish is suitable, the mandarin fish grows fast and the food intake increases, so it should be fed once every two days. After the first ten days of October, the temperature decreased and the food intake of mandarin fish decreased, which could gradually reduce the feeding amount and times. The feeding amount is 5% 10% of the total weight of mandarin fish in the pond, depending on the increase or decrease of mandarin fish eating, weather and bait fish, etc., do not increase or decrease, too much, the consumption of dissolved oxygen in the pond increases, light floating head, heavy there are dead fish in the pan pond; too little, mandarin fish do not get enough bait, which is not conducive to feeding and growth, and can not meet the commodity specifications in that year.

22. Check the growth of mandarin fish regularly: understand the growth of mandarin fish in the pond, the amount of survival pond and the size of bait fish, adjust the feeding amount and times of bait fish in time, and control the specification of bait fish.

23. Matters needing attention for water injection and change: at the initial stage of stocking, staged water injection is an important measure to improve the growth rate and survival rate of mandarin fish. Because mandarin fish summer flower has delicate physique and weak activity, in order to increase the density of bait fish and facilitate the feeding of mandarin fish, the water level should be shallower, and the water depth should be 50~70cm. Start water injection for a week or so in the pond, and then every 4-5 days, water injection 20~30cm, gradually raise the water level. In order to increase the dissolved oxygen in the water and the activity space of fish. The water level was kept at about 1.5 meters in June. From July to September, the water temperature is high, and the fish eat and grow vigorously, flushing 2 times a week, or even once a day. Change the water every 15-20 days, the amount of water is 20-30% of the pool water, keep the depth of the pool water about 2.0m, transparent 40~60cm.

24. Disease prevention and control: early prevention, in addition to the above-mentioned removal of pond silt, pond cleaning with quicklime, regular sprinkling of disinfection drugs, and disinfection of fish species before stocking, attention should also be paid to:

1), the water inlet and outlet should be equipped with a filter to prevent enemy organisms from entering, and if possible, it is best to disinfect the water, that is, to disinfect it with bleach and then inject it.

2), fishing gear disinfection, operation should be careful, do not damage the fish, so as to avoid infection.

3) do not use spoiled bait fish, bait fish should be disinfected before entering the pond (common drugs are salt, bleach, potassium permanganate, etc.).

4). Medicine bags are hung in the feeding area to form a drug-free area and a medicine-free area, so that the fish can disinfect themselves due to feeding.

25, timely fishing, balanced listing: starting to catch mandarin fish that meet commercial specifications in September, large and small, balanced listing, starting in dry ponds at the end of December and, if necessary, in ponds until the spring of the following year. Rotation fishing can not only avoid centralized listing, but also reduce the culture density, alleviate the demand for bait fish, and be beneficial to the feeding and growth of mandarin fish in storage ponds.