Key technology and development strategy of industrial fish culture

With the continuous promotion of urbanization and industrialization, the continuous reduction of land resources, the increasing shortage of water resources, and the deterioration of fish culture environment and water quality, the safety of edible fish has been paid more and more attention. The development of water-saving and harmless industrial fish culture technology is undoubtedly the direction to solve the shortage of soil and water resources and reduce environmental pollution.

General situation of factory fish culture

The development of factory fish culture in China is very uneven, and there is a big gap compared with foreign countries. The general situation is that the north surpasses the south, the sea water exceeds fresh water, and the new fish culture area exceeds the old fish culture area.

It is mainly distributed in four areas: first, some mariculture counties and cities in Liaoning and Shandong peninsulas, such as Dalian, Yantai, Rongcheng and Weihai; second, the northeast region, mainly in Heilongjiang Province; third, the Central Plains, mainly in the Xu-Huai area; fourth, the Hexi Corridor, mainly from Lanzhou, Gansu Province to Urumqi.

However, factory fish culture in the vast number of counties and cities in China is still a blank, even in the above four areas, factory fish culture is also uneven. In the economically developed Pearl River Delta, relatively successful factory fish farming is also rare.

Characteristics of factory fish culture

1. The yield per unit area (water body) is high: the yield of traditional pond fish culture is generally about 1000 kg per mu, while the annual output of intensive fish ponds equipped with aeration machinery is generally about 2000 kg. If calculated according to the water depth of 2 meters per mu, the annual output of traditional pond fish culture per cubic meter of water is only about 1.5 kg. The annual output of industrial fish farming can reach 10 kg, 20 kg, 50 kg or more per cubic meter.

2. The production cycle is shortened, which is conducive to balanced listing: due to the use of modern equipment and management technology, providing excellent water quality and ecological environment, and equipped with high-protein, full-price nutritional feed, breeding objects eat full and grow faster, less sick or not sick, and the growth cycle is obviously shortened.

3. The feed coefficient decreased: because the factory subsystems provided the best living conditions for farmed animals, the feed conversion rate increased, the growth rate of fish accelerated, and the feed coefficient decreased naturally.

4. Small area, less investment and easy management: the traditional pond fish culture production takes the annual output of 100t (200000 jin) as an example, according to the yield of 1 ton (2000jin) per mu, at least 100mu of water is needed. On the other hand, the 100t (200000 jin) fish is raised in a factory, which covers an area of only 4000 square meters according to 50 kg / m2.

5. The discharge of waste water is small: there are generally waste water treatment and centralized recovery facilities in factory farming, and the direct discharge and impact on the environment are limited.

6, little affected by the external climate: factory farming is mostly carried out indoors, almost not affected by the weather, temperature and other external climate, and can achieve year-round production.

Key techniques of factory fish culture

1. Water treatment: the "water" of factory fish culture is the key. In areas with abundant water sources, fish culture with open running water is allowed, and the water sources are no longer recycled after being discharged into the fish ponds, resulting in high water consumption. In areas where there is a shortage of water, circulating filter fish culture is often used, and the sewage discharged from the pool is treated through purification and then entered into the fish pond as a water source, so the treatment of water is particularly critical.

2. Fully nutritious formula feed: the feed nutrition of industrial aquaculture should be comprehensive, and the lack of trace elements in recycled water should be considered. In order to use high efficiency pellet feed, the feed coefficient should be about 1: 1.2 to reduce the water treatment problems caused by fish excretion. It is necessary to use fresh feed produced within two months to minimize nutritional diseases caused by feed deterioration, and any deteriorated feed must not be used in factory breeding production.

3. Selection of aquaculture varieties: industrial aquaculture is a high-input aquaculture model, which has relatively high investment risk. In the selection of farmed varieties, economic benefits should be taken as the center, and several aspects should be comprehensively considered:

A, it is necessary to choose varieties with high value and high market price, so that the high cost of breeding can get high benefit and get a higher return on investment. The price of general commercial fish should not be less than 10-12 yuan / jin, otherwise there is no profit margin.

B, it is necessary to select the species that have higher technical requirements in the culture of valuable fish and cannot be cultured under general conditions in order to obtain higher added value.

C, it is necessary to make use of the conditions of controllable water quality to raise parent fish of valuable species, adjust the breeding season, and carry out seedling production in the gap season.

D, to carry out seedling breeding in winter, the production cycle of commercial fish can be shortened.

4. disease prevention: industrial farming generally has small water body and high density, and disease prevention is very important. It is necessary to ensure that there is no disease, otherwise it is easy to be wiped out. The following measures are mainly taken:

A. choose healthy fish with no history of disease and put them in the culture pond.

B. disinfection should be carried out before entering the pool.

C. Strictly control the water treatment process and set up disinfection and sterilization equipment in the treatment system.

D. Pay attention to the stress of environmental changes on fish in the process of culture. Including all kinds of water quality interference fluctuation, the change of water temperature and so on. High stress will reduce the disease resistance of fish.

E, pay attention to the scientific nature of bait, avoid the phenomenon of fish overeating, fish overeating also increases the burden of fish, easy to get sick.

F. Use special tools and disinfect them frequently.

Matters needing attention in the development of factory fish culture

At present, the research on factory aquaculture in China still lags far behind the world level, and the relevant theoretical system and technical system are not perfect. Industrial fish culture is a high-benefit, high-tech, high-input and high-risk industry. if enterprises are interested in development, they should act according to their own specific conditions, select breeding objects, breeding facilities and development bases, give full play to local natural and technological advantages, and scientifically, rigorously and objectively analyze and demonstrate the adopted technical route, production cost and benefit, and management risk.

1. The initial investment of factory fish culture is relatively high, so the variety selection and preliminary research work of factory fish culture are very important, and the investment must be cautious.

2. Compared with the traditional way of farming, factory fish culture is a new thing with high technical content, so aquaculture enterprises need a team with high culture, high quality, technology and operation. Otherwise, no matter how good the facilities and technology are, they can only end up in failure.

3. Relevant units should jointly tackle key problems. Industrial fish culture involves environmental, bait, breeding, disease, breeding, engineering, mechanical and electrical automation and other disciplines, is a comprehensive system engineering, relying solely on enterprises to fight alone, it is difficult to bear operational risks and achieve the unity of social benefits and enterprise benefits. Therefore, the government and scientific research institutions should vigorously encourage and support enterprises to try and develop factory aquaculture and jointly tackle relevant technical problems.